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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies Nutrient Management of Urd bean under Late Sown Condition
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Bhushan Prasad Singh; A. Rafey
    Studies on nutrient management of Urdbean (vigna mungo L. Hepper) under late sown condition was conducted during rainy (Kharif) season of 2000 in ultipaleustalf red loam soil (Belonging to the Red- Yellow - Light grey catenary soil association group representing major soil group of plateau region) of Birsa Agricultural University farm, Kanke, Ranchi. The soil reaction was slightly acidic (pH 6.8). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Twelve treatments in combination with four nitrogen levels management (20 kg N/ha as basal, 20 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar, 30 kg N/ha as basal+ 10 kg N/ha as foliar and 30 kg N/ha as basal) and three population densities (5 lakh plants/ha, 4 lakh plants/ha and 3.33 lakh plants/ha maintained at spacing 20x10, 25x10 and 30x10 cm, respectively) were studied for the production of Urdbean. The recommended doze of 40 kg P₂Os and 20 kg K₂0/ha was applied as basal in furrow at the time of sowing in the form of single super phosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. On the basis of one year of experimentation it was revealed that the urdbean crop sown under late sown condition was influenced by nitrogen levels and population densities. Higher grain yield (11.8 q/ha), straw yield (47.6 q/ha), harvest index (19.91 %), net return (9761.5 Rs/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.96) was obtained when 30 kg N/ha was applied as basal and sowing was done at 25x10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha) and found to be significantly superior among all the nitrogen levels and population densities. Urdbean roots and nodules were also significantly influenced by nitrogen levels and population densities. Higher lateral (8.7 cm) and vertical (19.0 cm) expansion of roots, dry weight of roots (0.50 g), number of nodules (47.0), effective nodules (42.0), per cent effective nodules (89.3) and dry weight of nodules (0.29 g) per plant was recorded when 30 kg N/ha was applied as basal and sowing was done on 25x10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha). But the Nitrogen concentration in nodules was higher when 30 kg N/ha was applied as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar and sowing was done on 25 x 10 cm spacing. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in grain and straw of urdbean was higher when 30 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar was applied and crop was sown on 25 x 10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in grain and straw of urdbean crop and its total uptake was higher when nutrient was applied @ 30 kg N/ha as basal and crop was sown at spacing 25 x 10 cm (4 lakh plants/ha) and found to be significantly superior among all the nitrogen levels and population densities. Value of available nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable potassium of soil after urdbean harvest was higher when nutrient was applied @ 30 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar at 25 x 10 cm (4 lakh plants/ha) spacing. Net change in soil fertility after harvest of Urdbean crop was also significantly influenced by nutrient management and population densities. Higher value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded when crop was sown at 25 x 10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha) with the nutrient application of 30 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Mustard + Chickpea Intercroppings System
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Mahesh Chandra Jerai; J.Toppo
    The research work on intercropping has mostly focused on the suitable spatial arrangement and nutrient levels on mustard + chickpea intercropping system. Merge attention has been paid to nitrogen level in isolation which is also an important aspect of intercropping system as the component crops arc are different in nature of growth and nitrogen needs. Therefore this study was carried out on the effect of nitrogen levels on mustard + chickpea intercropping system during the rabi (winter) season of 1998-99 on a rainfed upland sandy loam soil of Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid in Split Plot Design in intercropping of mustard + chickpea with two ratio (1:1 and 2:1 row ratio) which constituted main plot and three levels of nitrogen (control (no fertilizer), 20 kg nitrogen and 40 kg nitrogen per hectare). A uniform dose of phosphoric @ 40 kg POs ha in the form of SSP and K,O 20 kg ha¹ as muriate of potash was applied at the time of sowing. In addition to intercropping two sole crops of mustard and chickpea were allocated randomly in each replication for comparison. Salient features of the results of the experiment are given below. The assessment of the row ratio and yield advantages revealed that through the yield attributes, yield per se of component crops in intercropping system were reduced as compared to those of the sole crops, the combined equivalent yield of component crop in intercropping system exceeded the higher sole crop yield. The periodic plant height of mustard was not influenced by intercropping system, the maximum height (127 cm) of mustard was recorded at harvest, while the levels of nitrogen greatly influenced the height of mustard plants. The maximum height of mustard was obtained with the application of 40, kg per hectare N which was significantly more than that obtained with other treatments. Similar results were also obtained at 60 and 75 days after sowing. Yield components (primary and secondary branches, seeds/siliquae pod, siliquae or pod per plant and 1000-seed weight) were influenced by intercropping and level of nitrogen. The yield of the component corps, in intercropping systems, reduced as compared to those of the sole crops. The combined equivalent yield of component crop in intercropping system exceeded the sole crop yield. The intercropping system (mustard + chickpea 1:1) was the best from yield (equivalent yield 1776 kg/ha), Economic return (Rs.22,095/ha) and bio-energetic (Energy use efficiency by grain 3.02) point of view. Application of 40 kg nitrogen per hectare gave maximum equivalent yield (1850 kg/ha), economic return (Rs.23,173/ha) and bio-energetic (Energy use efficiency by grain 2.79). Although sole chickpea produced the highest net return (Rs.33,180/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (5.99). Sole chickpea left more available nitrogen in soil as compared to that recorded in intercropping system, which was followed by the intercropping of mustard + chickpea (1:1 row ratio). Under different nitrogen levels, application of 40 kg nitrogen left more available nitrogen than any other treatments. There was no effect on availability of phosphorus, potassium and organic carbon. Moreover, the availability of potassium and phosphorus was maximum in control plots. The experimental results and economic analysis of the experiment indicated that sale crop of chickpea in upland rainfed situation of plateau region of Jharkhand showed best performance. Among the intercropping systems, mustard + chickpea (2:1 row ratio) can profitably be replaced by mustard + chickpea (1:1 row ratio) intercropping system. The application of 40 kg nitrogen gave the maximum net return which was at par with the application of 20 kg nitrogen per hectare.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Production Potential of Finger Millet Cultivars under Different Nitrogen Levels In Rainfed Condition
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Md.Naiyar Ali; S.Ahmed
    A field experiment was carried out to study the production potential of finger millet cultivars under different nitrogen levels in rainfed condition" during kharif 2000 at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Treatment consisted of six finger millet cultivars (A404, PR202, HR374, BM2, JBT2 and BAU2) with three nitrogen levels (20, 40 and 60 kg N ha¹). The experimental soil was representative sandy loam in texture and acidic in reaction with low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium. Among finger millet cultivars A404 and PR202 (long) duration) performed better growth, higher number of tillers plant and metre row length, higher gain weight ear and test weight, maximum mean grain yield (17.03 q ha¹) and net return (Rs.4428.2 ha¹) with higher benefit cost ratio (0.84) in comparison to cultivar HR374 and BM2 (medium) and JBT2 and BAU2 (short duration). Grain yield of long duration cultivars was increased by 9.4 and 17.7% as compared to medium and short duration, respectively. Application of 60 kg N ha ha' produced taller plant, higher yield attributes (tillers plant', grains ear¹ and test weight) maximum grain yield (18.90, q ha¹) and net return (Rs.4720, ha¹) with higher benefit: cost ratio (0.83) which was closer to 40 kg N ha".
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Contribution of Production Factors to Niger (Guizotia Abyssinica Cass.) Production
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Shambhu Sharan kumar; A .Rehman
    A field experiment was conducted on the crop niger during late Kharif season of 1999-2000 at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Kanke, Ranchi to study the contribution of production factors to niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) production. The soil was sandy loam with slightly acidic (pH 6.1) in reaction. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments (T₁ = local practice, T₂ = full package, T, T₂- fertilizer, T₁ = T₂ -line sowing; To T₂- Improved variety, T= T₂ weed control; Ty = T₂- (line sowing + weed control); To T₂- (fertilizer + variety) were replicated three times. The results of the experiment revealed that growth attributes (plant height, number of primary and secondary branches per plant) and yield attributes (number of capitulla per plant and seeds per capitulla) were significantly higher over local practices due to adoption of full package of practices Among all the treatments, full package recorded maximum biological, seed and straw yields (26.51, 6.10 and 20.41 q/ha,respectively). In economics, the treatment full package computed maximum gross return, net return and benefit-cost ratio (Rs.5492.3/ha, Rs.1066.3/ha and 0.24 respectively) and the local practice recorded minimum gross return, negative net return and negative benefit-cost ratio (Rs 2317 6, Rs 559 per hectare and 0.19, respectively). The application of fertilizers, weed control, improved variety and line sowing contributed in increasing the yield of niger by 48.7 %, 34.0 %, 14.4 % and 1.8 %, respectively, over local practice (no use of fertilizers, broadcast seeding, local variety and no weeding). The combined effect of full package in contributing the increase in yield of niger was 129.3 per cent. Hence, on the basis of above findings full package might be established as the best treatment in maximizing net profit as well as benefit-cost ratio in niger crop for those farmers who are ready for investment in the production of niger.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Agro techniques of Mustard Under Medium Land Condition
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Birendra Kumar; V. C. Srivastva
    Under medium land conditions of Bihar plateau rainy seasons paddy is harvested late, thus mustard sowing gets delayed causing drastic yield reduction. Keeping in view the above fact an experiment was conducted during winter season of 1997-98 on sandy loam soil having 170, 13.24 and 148 kg/ha available NP and K respectively with pH 6.0 to study the effect of sowing method and nitrogen level on growth, development, yield, quality and economics of mustard. The treatments consisted of three sowing methods- paira, broadcast and line sowing in main plots and four nitrogen level 0,40,80 and 120 kg/ha in sub-plots. Experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice.. Results revealed that paira sown mustard produced maximum (6.04 q/ha) and straw (27.46 q/ha) yield as a result of higher dry matter (306,79 g/m² at maturity), CGR (5.57 g/m²/day between 50-70 DAS), RGR (0.113 g/g/day between 30-50 DAS), maturity (123 days), plant height (104.6 cm), secondary branches/plant (5.8), siliquae/ plant (59). Consequently heat unit requirement (1610 kg/ha), net energy output (35,000 MJ/ha). energy use efficiency (7.09), net return (Rs.5,768/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.40) was higher under paira than broadcast and line sown crop. Crop with 120 kg N/ha produced maximum seed (7.87 q/ha) and straw (23.17 q/ha) yield owing to higher dry matter accumulation (369.88 g/m²), CGR (5.14 g/m²/day) and RGR (0.083 g/g/day) between 50 70 DAS and maturity (119 days). Similarly primary (4.8) and secondary (6.2) branches/plant, siliquae/plant (77), oil yield (263 kg/ha), N-uptake (73.19 kg/ha), net energy output (43,646 MJ/ha), net return (Rs.7,641/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.58) was also high with 120 kg N/ha. Mustard crop sown as paira with 120 kg N/ha proved better for higher productivity and monetary advantage .
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of Mustard Verities (Brassica juncea) To Levels of Sulphur
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Dinesh Kumar; Dinesh Kumar
    A field experiment was conducted to study the response of mustard (Brassica juncea) varieties to levels of sulphur during the rabi season of 1997-98 at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi The experiment was laidout in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Treatment consisted of four levels of sulphur (0, 15, 30 & 45 kg ha'') and three varieties of mustard Pusa Bold (V), BR-40 (V2))and Varuna (Vs). The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and acidic in nature (pH = 6) with low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, medium in available P2O5and low in available sulphur. Application of 45 Kg s ha - 1 recorded the tallest plant (128.36 cm), highest branches/plant (6.03), dry matter per plant (20.90 g), leaf area index (4.42), siliquae/plant (166.25), grains/siliqua (14.10), maximum seed yield (895.00 Kg ha¹) oil yield (399.00 Kg ha'), net return (Rs 3h a - 1 , benefit cost (1.28) and monetary productivity (Rs. 63.89 day¹ ha¹). Among mustard variety tested BR-40 gave higher branch per plant (5.37)), leaf area index (3.75), siliquae/plant (140.00), grains/siliqua (15.67), seed yield (825 Kg h * a ^ - 1 ) oil yield (358.68 Kg ha¹) net return (Rs. 6389.03h * a ^ - 1 ). benefit. cost (1.21) and monetary productivity (Rs. 57.66da * y ^ - 1 ha''), than Pusa bold and Varuna. Although the effect interaction between sulphur and variety was not found to be significant but mustard variety BR-40 with 45 Kg S ha' gave maximum seed yield and profit
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated Weed Management In Wheat
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Sheela Barla; V. C. Srivastava
    Wheat is the principle winter cereal in India, occupying an area of 25.40 million hectare and it is a second largest wheat producer in the world.But of late with the availability of improved cultivars, fertilization and irrigation facility and increased monocultures, the weed problems had increased and pressuring farmer to employ various methods including chemicals. Nearly 50 per cent of wheat area is covered with herbicides among field crops. This indicates that a large amount is involved in weed management practices. With a view to offer growers flexibility in their management programmes a field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1997-98 on acidic soil (ph 6.2) having 130 kg available N ha-1, 20.5 kg available P2O5ha-1 and 158.3kg available k2Oha-1 at Birsa Agricultural University farm, Ranchi to study the effect of “ Integrated weed Management in wheat” on growth and yield of wheat , weed density and economics of wheat production in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consists to twelve treatments of weed management including weedy control. The results revealed that weeding thrice at 20 days interval combined use of isoproturon@ 1.0 Kg a.i. ha-1+2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 as post –em and pendimethalin @ 1.0kg as pre-em + isoproturon @ 1.0kg a.i. +2, 4-D @0.5kg a.i. as post-em did not differ significantly with each other in reducing the population of weeds and their dry matter production and these treatments showed their superiority over rest of the treatments at most of the stages of crop growth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L) Cultivars under Normal And Late Sown Conditions
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) Devkant Prasad; K.Roy
    A field experiment was conducted at the Birsa Agricultural University Farm during winter season of 1997-98 with 13 wheat cultivars (K9507, K9508, HD2690, HUW484, HUW485, NW1038, NW1043, RW3448, HUE206, HP1731, K9107, NW1012, HUW468 under two seeding dates (18 November and 15 December) in split plot design and replicated thrice to study the relative performance of new wheat cultivars under normal and late sown conditions. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture having 185.0, 10.9 and 185.6 kg/ha available N, P and K with soil pH 6.4. The crop received 200 kg N, 75kg P₂O, and 50 kg K,O/ha along with three irrigations apart from 359.1 mm rainfall. Results indicated that wheat cultivar NW1038 recorded higher number of effective tillers and grains/spike which were superior to the rest of the cultivars. 'HUW485' wheat having bolder grain (49.7 g) among the cultivars tested, was statistically equally to test weight recorded in NW1038' (46.6 g) and 'HUW484 (48.7 g). Date of seeding could not bring significant differential effect on grain yield of wheat cultivars. However NW1038 having maximum grain yield (55.8 q/ha) had significant edge over rest of the cultivars tested. Interaction of seeding time and cultivars showed that 'NW1038' performed equally well under both the seeding times. Whereas under timely seeding (18 November) HD2690' (55.4 q/ha) and 'HUW468' (52.1 q/ha) showed their superiority over rest of varieties. However under late seeding (15 December), HUW484' (55.4 q/ha), 'HUW485' (55.4 q/ha), K9107 (51.3 q/ha) proved their superiority over rest of the cultivars. Similarly NW1038' having net retum (Rs.31,776/ha) along with benefit: cost ratio (5.66) had significant edge over rest of the cultivars tested. Interaction showed that timely seeded crop (18 November) HD2690' gave maximum net return (Rs.33,017/ha) with benefit: cost ratio of (5.88) which was at par with NW1038' under both the dates of seeding and showed significant edge over rest of the cultivars irrespective of their seeding time.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Levels And Methods of Sulphur Application on Productivity of Urdbean(Vingna Mungo L.Hepper)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Kalen Khalkho; R.S.Singh
    Generally, soils are becoming sulphur deficient due to adoption of high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties of different crops, intensive cropping and use of sulphur free fertilizer (Aulakh and Pasricha, 1986). Sulphur requirement of crop is about the same as that of phosphorus. It is a vital plant nutrient and constituent of amoino-acids which are essential in protein synthesis. It increases N-fixation by legumes, lack of sulphur affects the growth, pod formation and development in grain legume (Singh et al., 1994). Thus, it also affect the productivity of urdbean. Keeping these objectives in view, an experiment was conducted to see the effect of levels and methods of sulphur application on productivity of urdbean during kharif 1997 at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Ranchi in a Randomised Block Design with factorial fashion design. The experiment consisted of seven treatments and three replications. There were two levels of sulphur (20 and 40 kg 5 ha land three methods of its application (full basal, full side dressing at 25 DAS and 16 basal+1% side dressing at 25 DAS) Results indicated that levels and methods of sulphur application significantly influenced the grain and straw yields of urdbean. 40 kg S ha-1 gave significantly mo re grain and straw yields (1054.89 and 2481.55 kg ha-1) than 20 kg of S applied to the crop (9114.89 and 2142.67 kg ha-1). Basal application of sulphur was significantly superior to its side dressing in enhancing grain and straw yield (1079.00 sed 2547.33 kg ha-1), but on a par with 15 basal+ 16 side dressing (992.67 und 2331.67 kg ha-1). Among combinations, 40 kg 5 ha-1 as basal application produced maximum grain and straw yield (1132.4 and 2695.16 kg ha-1) Soil analysis showed that available nitrogen and sulphur decreased with incamusing the depth of the soil and increased with levels of sulphur. It's banal application showed high content of these nutrient an compared to other methods of application. Available phosphorus and potasaisen increased with orasing the depth of the soil and it was maximan at 40 kg 3 ha-1 as banal (17.09 and 159:22 kg ha-1) Findings revealed that 40 kg 5 ha-1 gave better results in term of net retam (Rx 4247 ha-1) and monetary productivity (147 ha-1 day ha-1) but benefit: cost ratio was bettur in 20 kg 5 ha-1 (0.273 Dam applicatain was profitabile (Net return Ra 4881 hu-() and economical (Benefit most ratio 1.07) Hence it could be said 101851 عده application was the best for paing the productivity of undboun