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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Sambita Bhattacharyya × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF NANO-UREA ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Sambita Bhattacharyya; Ashok Kumar Singh
    Wheat is eaten by 2.5 billion people in 89 countries. It supersedes Maize or Rice as a source of protein in low and middle income nations and is second only to rice as a source of calories. (CIMMYT, 2019). In the marketing year of 2019-2020, the global production volume of wheat amounted to over 765 million metric tons. India ranks 2nd in wheat production after China and produced 108.75 million tonnes of wheat (PIB,2020- 21). Uttar Pradesh ranks 1st in wheat production followed by Madhya Pradesh and Punjab and Punjab ranks 1st in productivity. Jharkhand has 2.0 lakh hectare under wheat cultivation with the production of 3.98 lakh ton and productivity of 1.8 ton per hectare (Govt of Jharkhand Annual Report, 2016-17). Recently the Nano-fertilizers are getting importance in sustainable agriculture in increasing crop production, enhancing nutrient use efficiency and reduction in wastage of chemical fertilizers. Nano-fertilizers provide more surface area for different metabolic reactions in the plant system which increase rate of photosynthesis and produce more dry-matter and yield of the crop. Nano fertilizers are more reactive and can penetrate through cuticle, ensuring controlled release and targeted delivery. A field experiment entitled “Effect of Nano-Urea on Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted during rabi 2021-22 at Agricultural Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, Birsa Agricultural University Kanke, Ranchi with the main emphasis on the study of the effect of Nano-Urea on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) replicated thrice with thirteen treatments viz. T1-100% RDF* (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering )+ Water spray at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T2-100%RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering )+ one spray of nano urea at 70 DAS,T3-100% RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ) + two spray of nano urea at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T4-100% RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ) + two spray of urea (2%) at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T5-75%RDF** (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ), + water spray at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T6-75% RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ) + one spray of nano-urea at 70 DAS,T7-75%RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ), + two spray of nano urea at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T8-75% RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ) + two spray of urea (2%) at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T9-50% RDF*** (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ) + two water spray at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T10- 50% RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering) + one spray of nano urea at 70 DAS,T11- 50%RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ) + Two spray of nano urea at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T12-50%RDF (1/3 N at basal , 1/3 at CRI, 1/3 at maximum tillering ) + two spray of urea (2%) urea at 70 DAS and 90 DAS,T13-RDF of P and K and without N (Control). Wheat variety DBW-187 (Karan Vandana) was taken for the experiment. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was 150:60:40kg N: P2O5:K2O per hectare and dose of Nano-Urea was 4 ml per litre of water. Results revealed that maximum growth and yield attributes viz. plant height (101.97cm), total tillers/m2 (365) dry-matter accumulation /m2 (1372.5g/m2) at harvest, number of ear-heads/m2(355.67) spike length (11.43), and 1000 grain weight (43.66 g) were recorded with the treatment 100% RDF + 2 Nano-Urea spray at 70 and 90 days after sowing which was at par with 75% RDF+ 2 Nano-spray at 70 and 90 days after sowing but was significantly superior to 50% RDF+ 2 Nano-Urea spray at 70 and 90 days after sowing. It was also observed that application of 100% RDF + 2 Nano-Urea spray at 70 and 90 days after sowing showed maximum grain (52.97 q/ha) and straw yield (81.63 q/ha), net returns (rupees77360/ha) and Benefit: Cost ratio (2.06) which was at par with 75% RDF + 2 Nano-Urea sprays at 70 and 90 days after sowing in terms of grain (49.2 q/ha) and straw (77.17 q/ha) yield, net returns (rupees 69905 /ha) and B:C ratio (1.89). The treatment 75% RDF+ 2 sprays of 2% urea gave at par grain yield (45.7 q/ha), net returns (rupees 63468/ha), and B: C ratio (1.78) with the treatment T7 (75% RDF + 2 Nano-Urea sprays at 70 and 90 days after sowing). The total nitrogen (137.32 kg/ha), phosphorus (22.01kg/ha) and potassium (125.38 kg/ha) uptake by wheat crop were significantly higher with the treatment 100% RDF + 2 Nano-Urea spray at 70 and 90 days after sowing. The results also revealed that the available nitrogen phosphorus and potassium (kg/ha) after harvest did not show significant difference due to different treatments under test. However, the maximum available nitrogen (223.67kg/ha) in soil was recorded with the treatment T3 followed by the treatment T2 (215.2 kg/ha) and T7 (213.7 kg/ha) respectively. The correlation coefficient of grain yield in relation to plant height at harvest (r = 0.984**), dry-matter accumulation /m2 at harvest (r = 0.967**), total number of tillers/m2 at harvest ( r = 0.974**), ear-heads/m2 (r = 0.979**), filled grains/spike (r = 0.892**), 1000 grain weight ( r = 0.864**), protein content ( r = 0.905**), total nitrogen uptake by the crop ( r = 0.993**), total phosphorus uptake by the crop (r = 0.950**), total potassium uptake by the crop ( r = 0.984**) revealed highly significant positive correlation between grain yield and the selected parameters at 1% level of significance i.e. the parameters subjected to analysis have positively and significantly contributed to grain yield. Based on one year of experimentation (rabi 2021-22), it may be concluded that 100% RDF integrated with 2 sprays of Nano-Urea at 70 and 90 days after sowing produced maximum grain yield (52.97 q/ha), total nitrogen uptake (137.32 kg/ha), net returns (rupees77360.17/ha) and B:C ratio (2.06). However, it was at par with 75% RDF + 2 sprays of Nano-Urea at 70 and 90 days after sowing in respect to grain yield (49.20 q/ha), net profit (rupees 69905.67/ha), B:C ratio (1.89). The treatment T8 performed at par with the treatment T7 in terms of grain yield (45.7 q/ha), net returns (rupees 63468/ha) and B: C ratio (1.78). In case of inaccessibility to Nano-Urea the treatment 75% RDF along with 2 sprays of 2% urea can also be adopted. Therefore, it may be culminated that application of 75% RDF along with 2 sprays of Nano-Urea at 70 and 90 days after sowing for the variety DBW-187 (Karan-Vandana) may be economically viable option amidst all the treatments.