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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Nikita Kumari × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AGRONOMIC BIOFORTIFICATION OF ZINC AND IRON IN FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum L.)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Nikita Kumari; S. Karmakar
    Field pea is one of the oldest domesticated pulse crops, primarily used for human consumption or as a livestock feed. The world production of field pea in 2020 was approximately 14.8 million metric tons. India ranks fifth in global production producing approximately 0.8 million metric tons of field pea. Jharkhand has 0.6 lakh hectare under field pea cultivation with the production of 0.7 lakh ton and productivity of 1210 kg/ha (Directorate of Agriculture, 2020-21). Nowadays agronomic biofortification seeks the attention of researchers because it is a cost-effective and less-time consuming method for increasing the concentration of micronutrients like zinc and iron which are lacking in the diets of poor rural populations. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to zinc deficiency due to their heavy reliance on plant-based diets, while failure to supply the adequate daily iron requirement over an extended period may lead to its deficiency, which affects more than 3 billion individuals worldwide. Keeping these points in view, an experiment entitled “Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc and Iron in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University Farm, Kanke, Ranchi during Rabi season of 2021-2022 with an objective to study the effect of different modes of application of zinc and iron on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content, uptake and economics of field pea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice with eight treatments viz. T1:RDF (25:50:25:20 N:P2O5:K2O:S kg/ha) + PSB + Rhizobium) as basal, T2: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and pod-initiation, T3: RDF + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at preflowering and pod-initiation, T4: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and podinitiation, T5: RDF + seed priming with 0.05% ZnSO4 solution w/v soaked for 3-4 hours, T6: RDF + seed priming with 0.05% FeSO4 solution w/v soaked for 3-4 hours, T7: RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha, T8 : RDF + soil application of FeSO4 @ 20 kg/ha. Field pea variety Aman (IPF 5-19) was taken as test crop for the experiment. The soil was sandy loam in texture, acidic pH (5.7), low in orgaic carbon (4.4 g/kg) and nitrogen (249.34 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (20.65 kg/ha), potassium (161.32 kg/ha), DTPA extractable zinc (0.8 mg/kg), and high in DTPA extractable iron (21.06 mg/kg). Results revealed that maximum improvement in growth and yield attributing characters of field pea like plant height (107.83 cm), plant dry weight (729.87 g/m2), number of nodules/plant (38.20), dry weight of nodules (95.50 mg/plant), number of pods/plant (9.95), number of seeds/pod (6.01), 100 seed weight (13.51g) as well as grain yield (1869.70 kg/ha), stover yield (3931.24 kg/ha) and harvest index (32.25 %) was recorded with the treatment RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and pod-initiation which remained at par with RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and podinitiation and RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha. The content of nitrogen (3.94, 1.76)% and potassium (0.91, 1.33)% in grain and stover of field pea respectively was recorded maximum with application of RDF + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at pre-flowering and pod-initiation while, phosphorus content in grain and stover (0.40, 0.19)% was found maximum with foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4 along with RDF. Zinc content (49.81 mg/kg, 44.88 mg/kg) was found maximum in treatment RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and pod-initiation while, iron content (94.22 mg/kg, 90.29 mg/kg) was found maximum with the application of RDF + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and pod-initiation in grain and stover respectively. Total uptake of nitrogen (141.64 kg/ha), phosphorus (14.32 kg/ha), potassium (67.04 kg/ha), zinc (259.11 g/ha) and iron (518.9 g/ha) were found maximum with RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and pod-initiation stage. It was also observed that gross return (₹ 84424 /ha), net return (₹ 54013 /ha), and B:C ratio (1.78) recorded maximum with the application of RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at pre-flowering and pod-initiation stage. Physico-chemical properties of soil (available N, P, K, Zn and Fe) were not influenced significantly by the application of different doses of zinc and iron. Based on one year of experimentation, it may be concluded that application of RDF i.e. (25:50:25:20 N:P2O5:K2O:S kg/ha) as basal along with foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 0.5% FeSO4 at preflowering and pod-initiation stage would be economically viable option for improving productivity and nutrient uptake as well as fortifying total content of zinc and iron in grain of field pea.