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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1988 - 198912010 - 20193
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Subject: Agroforestry × Start date: 1988 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON CROP SEQUENCES AND THEIR EFFECT ON SOIL FERTILITY
    (Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) SAHAY, GOPALJI; THAKUR, R.
    A field experiment was conducted during 1985-86 in sandy clay loan soils at the experimental corn of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi to study the effect of cropping sequences on grain yield, net return and soil fertility. Maize among Kharif crops and maize-wheat rotation were the highest grain producer with maximum net return, benefit cost ratio and per day net return. Legume based crop rotations not only maintained the soil fertility but enriched organic carbon, available nitrogen, and phosphorus and potash status of the soil and also boosted up the grain yield of succeeding wheat crop. In spite of greater removal of potassium by crops than added by fertilization as indicated by negative balance, the K status of soil increased over initial value under all the cropping sequences. The most productive maize-wheat rotation removed 153.4 kg N, 24.5 kg P and 26.5 kg K ha which was significantly higher than the removal by other crop rotations
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “STUDIES ON SEASONAL VARIATION OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS IN HOMESTEAD AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN RANCHI DISTRICT”
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumar Singh, Pratap; Sivaji, V.
    The present study entitled “Studies on Seasonal Variation of different components in Homestead Agroforestry System in Ranchi District’’ was conducted during the year 2018 (December,2017 to the month of May 2018). The work is a carry forward study of the research already carried out in the same rural area in the preceding six months of the present study to complete round the year study to understand the dynamic nature of homestead agroforestry components. The objectives of the study are (i) to study the seasonal variation of different components of Homestead agroforestry system across the different economic strata in the rural area (ii) To study the impact of such seasonal variation on the production, and subsistence/income generation of the people in the homestead agroforestry system. The study was conducted among three categories of the Rural people viz. HIG (High income group), MIG (Middle income group) and LIG (Low income group). Multi stage random sampling technique was adopted during the course of study in the village Pithoria near Ranchi city. The parameters studied include the land area available at each sampling unit for homestead agroforestry, Vegetation and animal component available in the Homestead system, production and financial outturn generated from vegetation and animal components and ultimately average income/family/ was calculated. A comparison of parameters studied in the current season was also made with the data obtained on the same parameters in the previous season The results indicated that the area allotted for homestead agroforestry in the present season in the three categories viz. HIG, MIG and LIG were 2704sq.m, 1408 sq.m and 963 sq.m respectively with an average of 135.2, 70.04 and 48.15 sq.m. The allotment of area allotted for homestead agroforestry in the current season is marginally more to the extent of 143 sq.m, 5sq.m and 67 sq. m respectively by the HIG, MIG and LIG respondents than the area allotted in the previous season. The total number of plant species in the categories of vegetables, flowers and trees present in the homestead units of HIG, MIG and LIG respondents of study area numbered at 176 (67+57+52) in the current season as against 173 ( 65+57+51) species in the previous season. In all the homestead units, vegetables are the most preferred category of vegetation. It is further recorded that LIG category respondents planted max. percentage of vegetable spp in both the seasons. (55.7% and 52.9%) On the basis of Habit, the plants in the study area were classified as Herbs, shrubs , trees and climbers. It was observed that both in current and previous seasons, all the three category of respondents planted more herbs than other shrubs, trees and climbers. Common species between the current and previous seasons, Additional spp planted in the homestead units and species deleted due to their absence in the current season are listed separately The total vegetable production in the current season stood at 940, 816 and 1318 kg (Total 3074 Kg) respectively in HIG, MIG and LIG category respondents as against 529, 447 and 477 kg (Total 1453 Kg) respectively in the previous season with the corresponding financial outturn in vegetables in the current season at Rs. 28,798, Rs. 27,166 and Rs. 43,482 and with Rs. 17,219, Rs. 15,499 and Rs. 16,219 in the previous season. The total financial outturn from all vegetables in all categories of respondents stood at Rs. 99,446 in the current season as against Rs. 48,937/- in the previous season. The average income per family from vegetable component in HIG, MIG and LIG in the current season was Rs. 1,440, Rs. 1,359 and Rs. 2,174 respectively and in the previous season the average income in three categories was worked as Rs. 860, Rs. 775 and Rs. 811 respectively. The production from animals is mainly in the form of Eggs, Meat and Milk. In all the categories of respondents together, the total productions of eggs in the current and previous seasons are 1262 and 1602 respectively.The meat production in the current season (519 kg) is more than that of the meat production in the previous season (472 kg) but the milk production remained same in both the seasons (1260 L.) The corresponding financial outturn in current and previous seasons are from eggs is Rs. 8,491 & Rs.10,277 from meat Rs. 1,76,065 &Rs. 1,27,590 respectively. The income generated from milk is marginally higher in the current season (Rs. 47,880) (due to price hike) than in the previous season (Rs. 46,620). The total income calculated from animal component in the current season in HIG, MIG and LIG categories is Rs. 36,941 Rs. 73,751 and Rs. 1,21,744 respectively as against the total income calculated in the previous season Rs. 23,060, Rs. 73,920 and Rs. 87,502 respectively. The total financial outturn from all animal products in all categories of respondents stood at Rs. 2,32,436 in the current season as against Rs. 1,84,487 in the previous season. The average income per family from animal component in HIG, MIG and LIG in the current season was Rs. 1,847, Rs. 3,687 and Rs. 6,087/- respectively and in the previous season the average income in three categories was worked as Rs. 1,153, Rs. 3,696 and Rs. 4,375 respectively. The cumulative income both from vegetable and animal component in HIG, MIG and LIG categories in the current season is calculated Rs. 65,739, 1,00,917 and 1,65,226 respectively. In the previous season, they were calculated as Rs. 40,279, Rs. 89,419 and Rs. 1,03,721 respectively. The average cumulative income both from vegetable and animal components of HIG, MIG and LIG Homestead units in the current season stand at Rs. 3,287, Rs. 5,046 and Rs. 8,261 respectively as against Rs. 2,013, Rs. 4,471 and Rs. 5,186 in the previous season. The average income from homestead agroforestry system was gradually increasing from HIG> MIG> LIG in rural groups. They further showed that the income derived from homestead is very high in the LIG category followed by MIG and HIG in both the groups.The study clearly suggests that dependency on homestead system is more in rural group. It further suggests that the dependency in both group increases with decrease in the family income.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TEAK AND KADAM AND ITS IMPACT ON PHYSICO - CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER MIXED PLANTATION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Topno, Anupama; Mahto, M.
    The present experiment entitled “studies on comparative growth performance of Teak and kadam and its impact on physico – chemical properties of soil under mixed plantation” had been conducted in the year 2008 near Veterinary College Campus, Kanke, and Ranchi. The work was planned with the objectives i.e. (i) To study the growth performance of Teak (Tectona grandis [Linn.]) and Kadam (Anthocephalus cadamba [Roxb.]) under 10 year old mixed plantation (ii) To study the interaction of Teak and Kadam mixed plantation on physico - chemical properties of soil. Random sampling method had been adopted and the data analyzed through paired t-test. The parameters studied were Tree height, diameter at breast height, crown spread, crown length, bole height, basal area and tree volume. Physical properties of soil viz. bulk density, particle density, porosity, water holding capacity, soil texture and chemical properties of soil were also studied such as pH, organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Analysis of the data showed that the tree height and diameter at breast height was more in Anthocephalus cadamba (7.97m and 0.14m) than the Tectona grandis (6.50m and 0.09m). Similarly crown spread, crown length and bole height was more in Anthocephalus cadamba (7.45m, 5.14m and 3.30m) than Tectona grandis(5.70m, 3.22m and 2.59m) respectively. Computation of Basal area and Volume also showed that they are more in Anthocephalus cadamba (0.015m2 and 0.119 m3) than the Tectona grandis (0.006m2 and 0.039m3) respectively. The maximum value of bulk density (1.56 gm cm-3) had been found under Tectona grandis and minimum in Anthocephalus cadamba (1.55 gm cm-3) in unplanted area. The particle density was maximum in Anthocephalus cadamba (2.58 g cm-3) and minimum in Tectona grandis (2.57 g cm-3). Similarly porosity was maximum in planted area than unplanted area and the highest value under Tectona grandis (40.45 %) and minimum under Anthocephalus cadamba (40.00%). Maximum water holding capacity was found under Tectona grandis (10.73%) and minimum in Anthocephalus cadamba (10.22) under planted area. In texture sand was maximum in unplanted area of Tectona grandis (70.80%) and minimum in Anthocephalus cadamba (69.68%). Silt was maximum in planted area of Anthocephalus cadamba (20.73%) and lowest under Tectona grandis (19.06%). In case of Tectona grandis (12.37%) clay was maximum in planted area whereas in Tectona grandis clay was maximum (12.26%) in unplanted area. The results further showed that the soil pH, Organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N), and available potassium (K) had increased in planted area than unplanted area; whereas available phosphorus (P) had higher value in unplanted area than planted area. The maximum pH was recorded in Anthocephalus cadamba (5.78) and lowest in Tectona grandis (5.64). The highest percentage of organic carbon found in Anthocephalus cadamba (0.58%) and lowest in Tectona grandis (0.56%) in planted area. The available nitrogen was highest in Anthocephalu scadamba (289.75Kg ha-1) and lowest in Tectona grandis (271.73 Kg ha-1). Available phosphorus was highest in Anthocephalus cadamba (15.68 kg ha-1) and lowest in Tectona grandis (13.70 kg ha-1) in unplanted area. The highest value of available potassium was found in Anthocephalus cadamba (330.08 Kg ha-1) and in lowest in Tectona grandis (394.99 kg ha-1). Statistical analysis of the result revealed that the growth performance of Anthocephalus cadamba and Tectona grandis were highly significant. Physical properties of soil such as bulk density, particle density, porosity, water holding capacity as well as texture, sand and silt were significant in both species whereas clay was found non significant. Statistically analysis of chemical properties of soil found highly significant in both tree species viz. Anthocephalu scadamba and Tectona grandis. Therefore it may concluded from the present investigation that physical properties of soils was improved in planted area than the unplanted area; the soil pH, soil organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N) and available Potassium (K) were found significantly higher in planted area than the unplanted area whereas the available Phosphorus (P) was significantly higher in unplanted area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “STUDIES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPICES UNDER BAMBOO-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM” DHANYASHRI
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) P.V., Dhanyashri; Malik, M.S.
    The research entitled with “Studies on Growth and Yield of Spices under Bamboobased Agroforestry System” conducted at farm campus of Ranchi Veterinary College, B.A.U. agroforestry field to find out their best combination for growth, yield and economic feasibility of Fennel, Coriander and Fenugreek crops in Rabi 2018-2019. The seven treatments combinations were T1 Bamboo (B. nutans - Wall. ex Munro) + Sounf (Foeniculum vulgare (Mill.), T2 Bamboo (B. nutans- Wall. ex Munro) + Dhania (Coriandrum sativum L.), T3 Bamboo (B. nutans- Wall. ex Munro) + Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.), T4 Bamboo (B. nutans- Wall. ex Munro [Sole]), T5 Sounf (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. [Sole]), T6 Dhania (Coriandrum sativum L. [Sole]) and T7 Methi (Trigonella foenumgraecum Linn. [Sole]) Consisting of methods of sowing and time of sowing under open and shaded conditions in all possible combinations were tested in RBD (factorial) with three replications with following objectives: i) to study the growth and yield of the spices under Bamboo-based agroforestry system, ii) to study the chemical properties of the soil and to study the economics of the respective agroforestry system. The growth performance of the Bambusa nutans was varied from treatment to treatment under agroforestry system. The maximum increment in plant height (0.86 m) was found in T3 treatment which was at par with T2 followed by T1 and least in sole plantation T4 (0.58 m). The increment in collar diameter was also more in case of T1 (2.62 m) it was at par with T4 followed by T3 least in T2 (1.86 m). The maximum increment in number of culms was found in T2 (2.13) treatment followed by T4, T3 and minimum observed in T1 (1.97). Maximum equivalent yield was found under open conditions than under combinations, T7 (18.08) > T1 (15.49) > T6 (14.58) > T2 (12.38) > T7 (13.17) and least was found in T3 (10.95). 2 Available nitrogen content was highest in T7 (275.43) treatment and lowest in T1 and T2 (228.3 kgha-1), available Phosphorus content was highest in treatment T5 (15.10 kgha-1) and lowest in T4 (12.93 kgha-1) treatments, available potassium was highest in T5 (249.93 kgha-1) treatments and lowest in T2 (134.40 kgha-1) treatments and pH was highest in T4 treatment (5.5) and lowest in T6 (5.19) after intercrops were found. Organic carbon content was maximum in T5 (0.51%) and lowest in T6 (0.40%) after intercrops were found. In case of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Fe) effected significantly in combinations. The maximum net return was found in T1 treatment (₹. 1, 11,563 ha-1) and minimum in T4 (₹ 26,459 ha-1). The maximum cost benefit ratio was found in T1 treatment (1:6.3) and minimum was in T4 (1:2.34). The finding of the study concludes that there is need to promote agroforestry system in the region. It will help the farmers in enhancing their socio-economic condition. Therefore, in the initial years of Bambooo plantation the farmers’ can be benefited from this agroforestry system through better protection of Bamboo from weeds and cattle, soil health improvement, additional income, more employment and better food security. The present agroforestry system studied in the farmer’s field may not replicate the same trend in terms of net return and BCR due to market and other influencing factors. However, the agroforestry system for the farmers has been recommended as per the findings