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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Physical Characterization of Jorsol2 and Bandhi Soil Series under Subarnarekha Command Area(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Binod Kumar; Dr.K.D.SinghThe study of physical properties of Bandhi and Jorsol 2 soil series in Darisai village under subernrekha command area revealed that upland soil were poor in organic matter contect, aggregation status , porosity density and hydro physical properties .Lowland soils however were better in these properties except that they were not well drained. Medium land soils were having an intermediate position in relation to these properties. The soils were sandy loam and clay loam in texture (Sand varying from 40.00 to 70.00 per cent silt from 10.00 to 24.00 per cent and clay from,( 14.00 to 32.00 per cent).Upland soils in both the soil series had relatively lighter texture then low land soils, medium land soils occupying the intermediate position. Bulk density of upland soils were higher (varying from 1.51 to 1.58gcm-3) than in lowland (varying from 1.34 to 1.40gcm-3).Medium land soils had intermediate values (varying from 1.46 to 1.52 gcm-3) Total porosity of all the soils was around 45 percent having an increasing trend down the slope of the land from upland to low land. Aeration porosity of all the soils was good (varying fron 14 to around 20 percent. All the soils were acidic in nature (ph varying in between 4.9 and 5.8) and low in organic matter contect (from 0.12 to .59 per cent)in 0-60 cm soil layer. Aggregation status as indicated by geometric mean diameter (G.M.D. ) increased down the slope of the land in 0-60 cm soil layer The available soil moisture storage capacity increased down the slope of the land ( around 89 cm in upland 93 mm in medium land and 101 mm in low land) following the trend of variation in clay content. Steady state infiltration rate (IR)and cumulative infiltration (C.I.) decreased down the slope of the land from upland to medium and to low land.(I.R.varying from around 5.5 cm hr-1 in upland to 2.3 cm hr-1 in low land and c.i. varying from 31 cm in upland to around 15 cm in low land).Hydraulic conductivity also followed the same trend ( varying in between 5.45 cm hr-1 and 2.18 cm hr-1).ThesisItem Open Access Physical Characterization of Acid Soil As Influenced By Crop Waste Incorporation(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Manoj Kumar; P.K.RoyThe influence of 10t/ha of crop waste incorporation into the soil either alone or in combination with different doses of chemical fertilizers ( 50 per cent, 75 per cent an d100 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK) for a period of the last five years showed marked improvement in the physical properties of soil. The texture of the soil was clay loam in all the plots under all the treatments (Sand around 42.8 percent, slit around 27.4 percent and clay around 29.5 percent).Incorporation of crop waste alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers decreased the bulk density by about 10.45 percent, increased the total porosity by 16.24 per cent ,aeration porosity by 63.56 percent water stable aggregates greater than 0.25 mm by 27.1 per cent and geometric mean diameter by 23.13 percent as compared to control. Values of aeration porosity higher than 10 percent in all the plots(varing between 10.12 and 16.81 per cent ) compared with control (9.66per cent ) indicate that the soil was well acrated and would not adversely effect the plant growth About 14.23% increased in the moisture contenect at 0.033 NPA soil moisture tension in the plot treated with crop waste alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer around 23.84% compared with control and plot treated with chemical fertilizer along (around 20.87%) was observed..The application of chemical fertilizer ,however ,deteriorated the soil moisture retention capacity at 1.5MPa of soil moisture tension by about 17.6%. Incorporation of crop waste along or in combination with chemical fertilizers increased the profile moisture content (weighted average of 0.60cm soil depth )of soil at 21,36,51,64 and 109 days after sowing by about 15.54% as compared with control and plots treated with chemical fertilizers both having similar values crop waste increased the infiltration rate by 39.68% ,cumulative infiltration by 43.66%and hydraulic conductivity by39% over control. Depth by variation of soil temperature in the crop waste treated crop was about 4 degree c at 6am and 2 pm and about 2.5degree c at 10pm on 21 days after sowing of crop as against a higher variation in soil temperature in control and plot treat with chemical fertilizers alone(5.5degreec at 6 am and 2 pm and 3.5degree c at 10pm)a reduction of 5degree c in the diurnal variation due to incorporation of crop waste was recorded. Crop waste increased the organic carbon content of soil by 51.76%ascompared with control. The highest uptake NPK ,9(N-82.57kg ha,p-30.45kg ha,K-120.51kg ha-1)was recorded in the plots treated with 100%NPK either alone or in combination with crop waste in corporation. Highest grain and straw yield (around 27.32qha of grain and around 32.58q hectare-1 of straw.)where obtained in the plots treated with 75%NPK and 100%NPK either alone or in combination with crop waste. However, the higher leaf area index was recorded in the plots treated plots either with 100%NKP alone or in combination with crop waste.ThesisItem Open Access Physical Characterization of Soils of Barhu Village Under Jumar Nala Watershed(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Ashok Kumar Baxla; R.KumarPhysical characterization of soils of Barhu village under different soil series in the Jumar Nala watershed was done to provide the guidelines in terms of physical environment of soil for better planning of the watershed area.Soil represent by various mapping units (BUhB1,BAhB1, BAhC1,NiB2,NcB2 and KOiB2) under Bukur, Barhu, Nagri and Kokdoro soil series at three land situation (upland ,medium and lowland ) indicated that lowland soils represented by ,mapping unit BuhB1 under Bukru soil series had relatively higher clay content (30 per cent ) and were better in properties related to colloidal activities. On the other hand , upland soils represented by mapping units NiB2,,NcB2 and KOiB2 under nagri and kokdoro soils series were dominant in sand content (around 60 per cent ) and possessed properties related to coarser soil particles. Medium land soils represented by mapping units BAhB1 and BAhc1 under Barhu soil series , however were intermediate in all these soil properties. The aggregation status and available soil moisture storage capacity were found better in 30-60 cm soil horizon than that in surface (0-15cm) and surface (15-30cm) layers The total porosity was found to be around 45 per cent in all the cases. The values increased down the depth of soil depending of the clay content. Aeration porosity in all the cases varied between 11 and 13 per cent which are well above the critical value of 10 per cent below which the root proliferation is adversely affected (Baver,1935). All the soil were acidic in nature (ph varying between 4.6 and5.8 ) and had low organic carbon content (varying from 0.32 to .45 per cent).ThesisItem Open Access Physical Characterization of Husir Soil Series Under Jumar Nala Watershed(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Sanjiv Kumar; A.WadoodThe present investigation was undertaken with a view to characterize the soils of different mapping units of husir series of Jumar Nala watershed in terms of physical as well as physical –Chemical parameters of the soil so as to enable the cultivators of this region to adopts suitable and effective measures to combat the adverse effects of the Agricultural limitations or increased productivity. The soils of all the mapping units (HuhC1, HujB1,HuhB1, HuiB1 and HhC1) were having a uniform sandy clay loam textural class in the surface layer (0-15)with an overall clay loam texture in the entire 60 cm soil profile. The value of total porosity varied from 46.99 to 49.01% geometric mean diameter from 0.656 to 0.845mm, organic carbon content from 0.35 to 0.42% and ph from 5.88 to 6.41 in soils of all the ,maping units which could be put in the order, HuhC1>HujB1>HuC1> HuhB1, whereas the bulk density which ranged between 1.36 and 1.42 g cm3 had just the reverse trend of variation. Aeration porosity was about 2 to 5 percent above the critical value 10% for a good growth of most of the cultivated. The available moisture storage capacity of soil was highest (12.6%) in the soils of mapping unit HuhC1 and the lowest (12.1%)in the soils of HhC1 and HujB1 mapping units. However, soils of the mapping units with respect to the proportion of total moisture storage at field capacity which could be available for plants. Infiltration rate of soils in all the mapping units was found to be initially greater which gradually decreased to the stable minimum values till 200th minute of measurement. Cumulative infiltration at the end of 320 minute varied from 18.4 to 32.1 cm. Saturated hydraulic conductivity varying between 1.11 and 2.32cm nh-1 followed the similar trend of variation of bulk density as HuhC1ThesisItem Open Access Physico-Chemical Properties Of Acid Red Loam Soil As Influenced By Long Term Application Of Manures And Fertilizers(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Nanda, Kumar Kishore; P. K. RoyThe aggregation status of soil in long term organic manure plots was significantly improved. This decreased the soil compactness and also influenced the hydraulic conductivity favorably. About 41% increased in aggregation status.9% decrease in bulk density and 40 % increase in hydraulic conductivity in the organic manure plots over control were recorded. The long term organic manuring increased the available water capacity of soil by 25 per cent .An overall improvement in the hydrothermal properties of soil was recorded in the organic manure plots. This increased water retention capacity of soil moderated the diurnal variation in soil temperature by 10c up to the soil depth of 20 cm in the organic manure plots as compared to that in control. In general, about 5 to 7 times higher uptake of nitrogen, 4 to 5 time’s higher uptake of phosphorus and 4 to 8 times higher uptake of potash were recorded in organic manure plots as compared to control. However, the highest uptake was recorded in the Lime + NPK treated Plots. The uptake of NPK was adversely affected due to long term application of inorganic fertilizer .There was almost 8.3% decreased in yield in the NPK and N P treated plots, whereas long term application of farm yard manure increased the grain yield by about 10 timesThesisItem Open Access AGROCLIMATIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DROUGHT ASSESSMENT FOR EFFICIENT CROP PLANNING IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF SUB ZONE IV OF JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2017) Balmuchu, Sunny Ashish; Kumari, PragyanAgricultural production worldwide is subject to various risks of which climatic risks tend to be dominant, especially under rainfed conditions. Rainfed agriculture occupies a prominent place in Indian economy and rural livelihoods. At present, about 60% of total net sown area is rainfed, contributing 40% of the total food production. It supports 40% of human and 60% of livestock population. Agriculture in rainfed areas continues to be a gamble and rainfed farmers face several uncertainties like aberrant weather, lack of timely inputs and credit leading to low and unstable productivity and profitability. The crop production in rainfed region has inherent risks because rain is undependable in time and amount. In order to minimize these risks, an attempt to study the agroclimate of two districts viz. Ranchi and Dumka, representing Central and Northeastern Plateau zone of Jharkhand state was undertaken. Of all the climatic factors, rainfall is of greatest concern to population in rainfed agriculture. The variation of monsoonal and annual rainfall in space and time are well known and this inter-annual variability of monsoonal rainfall has considerable impact on agricultural production, water management and energy generation Analysis of annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall of a region is useful to design water harvesting structure. Similarly weekly rainfall analysis give more useful information in crop planning .The cropping patterns are basically dependent on Moisture Availability Index (MAI). The most dependable season for rainfed crop planning in this region is the kharif (SW monsoon) season with 24% and 35% CV for Ranchi and Dumka respectively. Ranchi is more prone to drought in comparison to Dumka. Agricultural droughts are more common in 23 – 26 SMW and 37 – 40 SMW at Ranchi but in Dumka it is less frequent and occurs generally between 37 – 40 SMW. The length of growing season at Ranchi has been observed as 154, 182, 203 and 203 days for Upland, Don III, Don II and Don I, whereas at Dumka it was 168, 196, 210 and 231 days, respectively. Crops of more than 200 days duration can be grow in lowlands of Dumka. The PET at Ranchi and Dumka is 1354 mm and 1269 mm, respectively, therefore crop water requirement for upland and lowland rice and maize is more at Ranchi in comparison to Dumka. Good prospects of water harvesting are also there in both the stations as 8 – 13 weeks 170 – 700 mm of surplus water in Ranchi and 8 – 14 weeks 90 – 570 mm of surplus at Dumka can be harvested during monsoon month. Maximum temperatures showed an increasing trend at both stations whereas, minimum temperature showed a decreasing trend, hence the days are getting hotter and nights getting cooler. The extreme weather events such as cold waves and severe heat waves are increasing in Ranchi and Dumka. High rainfall events are also becoming more frequent. Upland areas of Ranchi and Dumka, which has fairly low moisture retention capacity, less water requiring and tropical crops like pigeon pea and finger millet could be grown successfully. Agro forestry should be recommended for the upland areas of Ranchi and Dumka with sandy type soils. Agro forestry can arrest the erosion of top soil also. In sandy loam type soils rainfed upland rice varieties like Birsa dhan 108, Birsa Vikas Dhan 110, Vandana, Birsa Gora etc. should be adopted. Maize also grows well in slope lands of Ranchi and Dumka. Particularly Dumka with warmer climate suits best for maize cultivation. In the clay loam soil rice is the main crop that could be grown under bunded conditions, medium maturity duration varieties viz. Sahbhagi, Naveen, Lalat etc. are recommended in these soils. This is the potential area for rice cultivation and the potential need to be exploited. Lowland areas with clay soil and moist weather condition deep water transplanted rice varieties should be recommended. Waterlogging resistant long duration varieties like Rajshree, Swarna, BPT-5204 etc. can give higher yield. Ranchi and Dumka have greater chance for water surplus during their rainy season thus offer opportunity for water harvesting and supplemented irrigation to mitigate drought. It can prove beneficial for successive rabi crops also.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF TOMATO UNDER MICROCLIMATIC ALTERATIONS THROUGH MULCHING IN OPEN AND POLY GREEN HOUSE CONDITION(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) ., Abhivyakti; Kumari, PragyanThe success or failure in sustainability of crop production depends on local weather and climatic conditions and year-to-year variations within a region. One means of alleviating climatically induced stress is through modifications of microclimate which include any artificially introduced changes in the composition, behavior or dynamics of the atmosphere near the ground so as to improve the environment in which crops grow. In other words, microclimate modification is an intended change in the soil-plant- atmosphere system, which alleviates stress or prevents damage with the aim of attaining improved yields. Modifications of microclimate are intended to bring about changes in one or more of the meteorological parameters. Partial control of the microclimatic conditions, which have a major influence on plant growth characteristics, can be achieved in glasshouses or polygreenhouses. Greenhouses are the framed or inflated structures covered with transparent or translucent and shade net materials large enough to grow crops under partial or fully controlled environmental conditions to get optimum growth and productivity. These poly-greenhouse structures have provided a new scope for commercial application of high value crops. The present investigation was carried out to study the performance of Tomato (cv:Allrounder) under both polyhouse and open condition with different plastic mulches. This experiment was conducted at field of the department of agricultural engineering, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during the period from December 2012 to May 2013. Daily relative humidity, temperature and solar radiation were recorded inside the polyhouse and in an open field at 7am and 2pm. Maximum and minimum thermometers recorded the measurement of air temperature and dry and wet bulb thermometers recorded the measurement of relative humidity. Lux meter recorded light intensity. Daily soil temperature was also recorded inside the polyhouse and in an open environment at 7am and 2pm at 5cm depth by soil thermometer. Leaf temperature was recorded inside the polyhouse and outside polyhouse at 15days interval by using the Infra red thermometer. Vegetative growth parameters like plant height, no of branches, internodes and leaf area index of the three randomly selected tagged plants were measured at 15 days interval. Air temperature inside the polyhouse was distinctly higher than the open field condition from December to March and after March air temperature at outside was found higher. Relative humidity showed a reverse trend with respect to temperature under both environmental conditions. The light intensity inside the greenhouse was always lower (30 – 50%) than the open field. Like air temperature, soil temperature also maintained a distinct diurnal course. Soil under polyhouse always maintained 2- 5oC lower temperature as compared to the open field irrespective of the growing periods of the crop. Among the mulches, soil temperature was recorded higher under transparent mulch followed by silver black mulch under both conditions. It was found that height of the plants, number of nodes, internodal length, average fruit weight, yield per plant and total production were higher inside the greenhouse than in the open field. Open field crop was earlier in first flowering, (29 days), compared to polyhouse (31 days). Poly house and open field crops recorded total number of 7 and 6 harvests respectively. Highest yield of 22.2 kg/plot and 376 fruits/ plot were obtained inside the polyhouse under black mulch. Large fruit size inside the greenhouse was responsible for higher yield. The fruit yield inside the greenhouse was nearly two times more than in the open field condition. Polyhouse has been found to be a good alternative to have minor alterations under microclimatic conditions for achieving almost double yield of tomato compared to open field. Among the mulches, black and silver black mulches, have been found to bring about the desired conditions both within the polyhouse as well as open conditions. When farmers are not able to grow tomato under polyhouse conditions application of these two mulches would be advantageous even under open conditions.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL AND RAINFALL CHARACTERIZATION OF PALAMAU DISTRICT FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) Kumar, Birendra; Kumar, RameshWeather and soil based analysis was conducted in climatically vulnerable Palamau districts of Jharkhand with a view to characterise the rainfall, quantify the crop growing environment and planning of crops and varieties for normal, early and late drought conditions at block level. The area is predominantly under rainfed and facing vagaries of rainfall like untimely onset of monsoon, scanty, uneven distribution and spatial variability in rain over the years and more frequent intermittent droughts during crop growth period resulting low productivity in the district. Soil samples collected from 12 blocks were analysed for important physical properties (soil texture, bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting point etc.) and reported soil data (NBSSLUPBAU, report No. 946) on important physico-chemical and chemical parameters (pH, Org. C, avail. N, P and K) were used for characterising the soils. Daily rainfall data for 30 years (1981-2011) of 12 major blocks collected from the DSO and DAO office of Palamau district were analysed for weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual distribution, meteorological drought, Initial and Conditional probabilities, Agricultural drought and Incomplete gamma probability.Weather Cock v1.0 software developed by coordinating unit of AICRP on Agrometeorology CRIDA, Hyderabad was used for rainfall analysis. Soils of most of the blocks were in sandy loam to Loamy sand in texture except Chainpur, Hariharganj, Lesliganj and Panki where it varied from loam to Clay loam. Soils were mostly acidic to neutral in reaction. In some blocks (Chhatarpur, Husainabad, Panki and Manatu) soils were alkaline in reaction. Fertility level in terms of organic matter was in medium to higher range. Available N was low in Patan, Pandu and Panki and medium in rest of the blocks. Available P was low to medium in range and no deficiency of K was observed in any block of Palamau. An overall decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed in most of the block except Chainpur and Hariharganj where it is slightly increasing. Sharp decrease in annual rainfall was noticed in Manatu (-17.3 mm/year) and Lesliganj (-14.8 mm/year). During monsoon, rainfall witnessed slightly increasing in six blocks and rest in decreasing trend. Distribution of rain received among the seasons showed its maximum (86-90%) concentration during monsoon season and only 10 to14 percent in remaining three seasons (Post monsoon, winter and summer). Initial and conditional probability of rain has been observed between 26- 36 SMW for 50 mm limit within the blocks and it has expanded for lower limits of rain (25and 10 mm) by 2-3 weeks. Severity of meteorological drought analyzed for all 12 blocks indicated that Manatu block was worst affected and 4 out of 30 years were under severe drought. Three blocks i.e. Bisrampur, Chainpur and Pandu faced only one year severe drought. All 12 blocks faced 2-6 years moderate drought within the period. Frequencies of agricultural droughts were more during late period (36-42 SMW) than that of early period (22-28 SMW). Among the blocks, Chainpur faced maximum (37%) early droughts while late droughts were observed maximum (53%) in Satbarwa. Amount of getting rain on weekly and annual basis at five probability levels (i.e. 90, 75, 50, 25 and 10 %) were analysed using Incomplete gamma distribution which shows that both annual and weekly rainfall were close to their 30 years average value at 50% level of probability. Crop growing environment has been identified for all 12 blocks separately. Planning of crops with varieties for normal, early drought and late drought conditions has been worked out based on prevailing weather conditions, rainfall variables, and soil characteristics for kharif and early season rabi crops.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL AND RAINFALL BASED CROP PLANNING FOR WEST SINGHBHUM DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2015) Horo, Anup; Kumar, RameshUnder the present study "Soil and rainfall based crop planning for West Singhbhum District of Jharkhand" soil and rainfall data have been characterized with a view to identify the crop growing environment and planning of crops with varieties for normal, early and late drought conditions at block level. The area is predominantly under rainfed and facing vagaries of rainfall like untimely onset of monsoon, scanty, uneven distribution and spatial variability in rain over the years and frequent intermittent droughts during crop growth period resulting low productivity in the district. Soil samples collected from 13 blocks were analysed for important physical (texture, bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting point etc.), physico-chemical (pH, Org. C) and chemical parameters (avail. N, P and K) were analysed for characterising the soils. Daily rainfall data for 10 years (2003-2013) of 13 major blocks (Chaibasa, Jhikpani, Tonto, Noumundi, Jagannathpur, Kumardungi, Mujhgaon, Manjari, Tantnagar, Khutpani, Bandgaon, Sonua & Chakradharpur) collected from the DSO and DAO office of West Singhbhum district were analysed for weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual distribution, meteorological drought, initial and conditional probabilities, agricultural drought and incomplete gamma probability. Weather Cock v1.0 software developed by coordinating unit of AICRP on Agrometeorology CRIDA, Hyderabad was used for rainfall analysis. Soils of west singhbhum were sandy loam in texture except lowland soils of Kumardungi, Tantnagar, Sonua and Chakardharpur where it was sandy clay loam. Soils were acidic to alkaline in reaction (pH : 4.7 - 7.7). Fertility status in terms of organic matter was low to high (2.4 - 8.5 g kg-1) range. Available N was in low to medium (169.3 - 392.0 kg ha-1) while available P and K were low to high (12.0 - 70.1 & 61.6 - 580.2 kg ha-1 respectively). An overall decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed in Jhikpani, Tonto, Jaganathpur, Kumardungi and Tantnagar blocks. Among these sharp decrease in rainfall was noticed in Jhikpani (-104.57mm/yr). Monsoonal rain almost followed the trend of annual rain except in Tantnagar where it was slightly increasing. Again maximum decreasing rate (maximum -72.02mm/yr) in rainfall was observed in Jhikpani block. Among the seasons, monsoon received maximum rain (80-86%) and only 14-20 percent rain was received in remaining three seasons (Post monsoon, Winter & Summer). Initial and conditional probability for 50 mm rain has been observed upto 33 SMW in most of the blocks and it has expanded for lower limits of rain (25 and 10 mm) till 39 SMW. Severity of drought indicated that Jhikpani, Tonto and Tantnagar faced only one year severe drought. Noumundi, Jaganathpur, Kumardungi, Mujhgoan, Manjari, Sonua and Chakardharpur were under mild drought (1-4 years). Expect Jhikpani, Tonto, Noumundi and Tantnagar blocks went under moderate drought (1-2 years). These moderate drought can be managed by providing 2-3 irrigations facility and by crop management practice to some extent. Agricultural drought were found to be maximum (3 years) in Jaganathpur, Manjari, Tantnagar and Chakardharpur followed by Tonto (2 year) and only one years in rest of the blocks. Gamma distribution of rainfall at five levels of probabilities (90, 75, 50, 25 & 10 %) analysed at annual and weekly basis for all blocks of West Singhbhum. Amount of assured rainfall at higher probability levels were less as compared to subsequent lower levels in all the blocks. Assured rain on weekly basis at 25% probability was more close to normal rain in all blocks of West Singhbhum. Under normal weather condition, Maize, Pigeonpea, Urdbean, Moongbean and Millets have been found most suitable crops for uplands in all blocks. Intercropping of major crops have been found suitable than sole cropping under the situation. Medium duration (120-125 days) improved and hybrid rice varieties (Vandana, Anjali, Birsa Dhan Sahbhagi, Abhishek Lalat, IR 34, IR 64, Arize 6444 and Arize tej) have been recommended for medium and lowland as transplanted rice. Long duration rice is recommended only for lowland having 2-3 assured irrigation. During early drought condition (upto 15th July), direct seeding of same crops as well as Millets and Sorghum have been recommended for uplands with a condition to complete the sowing strictly upto 15th July. Short duration rice varieties (Vandana, Lalat Sahbhagi) have been suggested as aerobic rice on mediun lands. Medium duration same varieties of rice have been recommended on medium and lowlands as transplanted as well as aerobic rice in all the blocks. Long duration rice has not been recommended even on lowlands under the condition. Under late drought condition (upto 15th August), Kulthi, Nizer, Fodder maize, Cowpea and Pigeonpea have been suggested on uplands. Potato (var. Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Pukhraj) has been suggested on medium lands. On lowlands early rabi crops like vegetable pea, Gram, Lentil, Linseed and Toriya have been suggested as para crop/minimum tillage sowing crops. In some block Mustard (var. Pusa -28 has been suggested to be sown after 15 September.
