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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1993 - 19974
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Subject: Agricultural Physics and Meteorology × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1993 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physical Characterization of Jorsol2 and Bandhi Soil Series under Subarnarekha Command Area
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Binod Kumar; Dr.K.D.Singh
    The study of physical properties of Bandhi and Jorsol 2 soil series in Darisai village under subernrekha command area revealed that upland soil were poor in organic matter contect, aggregation status , porosity density and hydro physical properties .Lowland soils however were better in these properties except that they were not well drained. Medium land soils were having an intermediate position in relation to these properties. The soils were sandy loam and clay loam in texture (Sand varying from 40.00 to 70.00 per cent silt from 10.00 to 24.00 per cent and clay from,( 14.00 to 32.00 per cent).Upland soils in both the soil series had relatively lighter texture then low land soils, medium land soils occupying the intermediate position. Bulk density of upland soils were higher (varying from 1.51 to 1.58gcm-3) than in lowland (varying from 1.34 to 1.40gcm-3).Medium land soils had intermediate values (varying from 1.46 to 1.52 gcm-3) Total porosity of all the soils was around 45 percent having an increasing trend down the slope of the land from upland to low land. Aeration porosity of all the soils was good (varying fron 14 to around 20 percent. All the soils were acidic in nature (ph varying in between 4.9 and 5.8) and low in organic matter contect (from 0.12 to .59 per cent)in 0-60 cm soil layer. Aggregation status as indicated by geometric mean diameter (G.M.D. ) increased down the slope of the land in 0-60 cm soil layer The available soil moisture storage capacity increased down the slope of the land ( around 89 cm in upland 93 mm in medium land and 101 mm in low land) following the trend of variation in clay content. Steady state infiltration rate (IR)and cumulative infiltration (C.I.) decreased down the slope of the land from upland to medium and to low land.(I.R.varying from around 5.5 cm hr-1 in upland to 2.3 cm hr-1 in low land and c.i. varying from 31 cm in upland to around 15 cm in low land).Hydraulic conductivity also followed the same trend ( varying in between 5.45 cm hr-1 and 2.18 cm hr-1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physical Characterization of Acid Soil As Influenced By Crop Waste Incorporation
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Manoj Kumar; P.K.Roy
    The influence of 10t/ha of crop waste incorporation into the soil either alone or in combination with different doses of chemical fertilizers ( 50 per cent, 75 per cent an d100 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK) for a period of the last five years showed marked improvement in the physical properties of soil. The texture of the soil was clay loam in all the plots under all the treatments (Sand around 42.8 percent, slit around 27.4 percent and clay around 29.5 percent).Incorporation of crop waste alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers decreased the bulk density by about 10.45 percent, increased the total porosity by 16.24 per cent ,aeration porosity by 63.56 percent water stable aggregates greater than 0.25 mm by 27.1 per cent and geometric mean diameter by 23.13 percent as compared to control. Values of aeration porosity higher than 10 percent in all the plots(varing between 10.12 and 16.81 per cent ) compared with control (9.66per cent ) indicate that the soil was well acrated and would not adversely effect the plant growth About 14.23% increased in the moisture contenect at 0.033 NPA soil moisture tension in the plot treated with crop waste alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer around 23.84% compared with control and plot treated with chemical fertilizer along (around 20.87%) was observed..The application of chemical fertilizer ,however ,deteriorated the soil moisture retention capacity at 1.5MPa of soil moisture tension by about 17.6%. Incorporation of crop waste along or in combination with chemical fertilizers increased the profile moisture content (weighted average of 0.60cm soil depth )of soil at 21,36,51,64 and 109 days after sowing by about 15.54% as compared with control and plots treated with chemical fertilizers both having similar values crop waste increased the infiltration rate by 39.68% ,cumulative infiltration by 43.66%and hydraulic conductivity by39% over control. Depth by variation of soil temperature in the crop waste treated crop was about 4 degree c at 6am and 2 pm and about 2.5degree c at 10pm on 21 days after sowing of crop as against a higher variation in soil temperature in control and plot treat with chemical fertilizers alone(5.5degreec at 6 am and 2 pm and 3.5degree c at 10pm)a reduction of 5degree c in the diurnal variation due to incorporation of crop waste was recorded. Crop waste increased the organic carbon content of soil by 51.76%ascompared with control. The highest uptake NPK ,9(N-82.57kg ha,p-30.45kg ha,K-120.51kg ha-1)was recorded in the plots treated with 100%NPK either alone or in combination with crop waste in corporation. Highest grain and straw yield (around 27.32qha of grain and around 32.58q hectare-1 of straw.)where obtained in the plots treated with 75%NPK and 100%NPK either alone or in combination with crop waste. However, the higher leaf area index was recorded in the plots treated plots either with 100%NKP alone or in combination with crop waste.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physical Characterization of Soils of Barhu Village Under Jumar Nala Watershed
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Ashok Kumar Baxla; R.Kumar
    Physical characterization of soils of Barhu village under different soil series in the Jumar Nala watershed was done to provide the guidelines in terms of physical environment of soil for better planning of the watershed area.Soil represent by various mapping units (BUhB1,BAhB1, BAhC1,NiB2,NcB2 and KOiB2) under Bukur, Barhu, Nagri and Kokdoro soil series at three land situation (upland ,medium and lowland ) indicated that lowland soils represented by ,mapping unit BuhB1 under Bukru soil series had relatively higher clay content (30 per cent ) and were better in properties related to colloidal activities. On the other hand , upland soils represented by mapping units NiB2,,NcB2 and KOiB2 under nagri and kokdoro soils series were dominant in sand content (around 60 per cent ) and possessed properties related to coarser soil particles. Medium land soils represented by mapping units BAhB1 and BAhc1 under Barhu soil series , however were intermediate in all these soil properties. The aggregation status and available soil moisture storage capacity were found better in 30-60 cm soil horizon than that in surface (0-15cm) and surface (15-30cm) layers The total porosity was found to be around 45 per cent in all the cases. The values increased down the depth of soil depending of the clay content. Aeration porosity in all the cases varied between 11 and 13 per cent which are well above the critical value of 10 per cent below which the root proliferation is adversely affected (Baver,1935). All the soil were acidic in nature (ph varying between 4.6 and5.8 ) and had low organic carbon content (varying from 0.32 to .45 per cent).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physical Characterization of Husir Soil Series Under Jumar Nala Watershed
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Sanjiv Kumar; A.Wadood
    The present investigation was undertaken with a view to characterize the soils of different mapping units of husir series of Jumar Nala watershed in terms of physical as well as physical –Chemical parameters of the soil so as to enable the cultivators of this region to adopts suitable and effective measures to combat the adverse effects of the Agricultural limitations or increased productivity. The soils of all the mapping units (HuhC1, HujB1,HuhB1, HuiB1 and HhC1) were having a uniform sandy clay loam textural class in the surface layer (0-15)with an overall clay loam texture in the entire 60 cm soil profile. The value of total porosity varied from 46.99 to 49.01% geometric mean diameter from 0.656 to 0.845mm, organic carbon content from 0.35 to 0.42% and ph from 5.88 to 6.41 in soils of all the ,maping units which could be put in the order, HuhC1>HujB1>HuC1> HuhB1, whereas the bulk density which ranged between 1.36 and 1.42 g cm3 had just the reverse trend of variation. Aeration porosity was about 2 to 5 percent above the critical value 10% for a good growth of most of the cultivated. The available moisture storage capacity of soil was highest (12.6%) in the soils of mapping unit HuhC1 and the lowest (12.1%)in the soils of HhC1 and HujB1 mapping units. However, soils of the mapping units with respect to the proportion of total moisture storage at field capacity which could be available for plants. Infiltration rate of soils in all the mapping units was found to be initially greater which gradually decreased to the stable minimum values till 200th minute of measurement. Cumulative infiltration at the end of 320 minute varied from 18.4 to 32.1 cm. Saturated hydraulic conductivity varying between 1.11 and 2.32cm nh-1 followed the similar trend of variation of bulk density as HuhC1