Thumbnail Image

Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

Browse

20151
Reset filters
Subject: Agricultural Physics and Meteorology × Author: Horo, Anup × Start date: 2013 ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOIL AND RAINFALL BASED CROP PLANNING FOR WEST SINGHBHUM DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2015) Horo, Anup; Kumar, Ramesh
    Under the present study "Soil and rainfall based crop planning for West Singhbhum District of Jharkhand" soil and rainfall data have been characterized with a view to identify the crop growing environment and planning of crops with varieties for normal, early and late drought conditions at block level. The area is predominantly under rainfed and facing vagaries of rainfall like untimely onset of monsoon, scanty, uneven distribution and spatial variability in rain over the years and frequent intermittent droughts during crop growth period resulting low productivity in the district. Soil samples collected from 13 blocks were analysed for important physical (texture, bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting point etc.), physico-chemical (pH, Org. C) and chemical parameters (avail. N, P and K) were analysed for characterising the soils. Daily rainfall data for 10 years (2003-2013) of 13 major blocks (Chaibasa, Jhikpani, Tonto, Noumundi, Jagannathpur, Kumardungi, Mujhgaon, Manjari, Tantnagar, Khutpani, Bandgaon, Sonua & Chakradharpur) collected from the DSO and DAO office of West Singhbhum district were analysed for weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual distribution, meteorological drought, initial and conditional probabilities, agricultural drought and incomplete gamma probability. Weather Cock v1.0 software developed by coordinating unit of AICRP on Agrometeorology CRIDA, Hyderabad was used for rainfall analysis. Soils of west singhbhum were sandy loam in texture except lowland soils of Kumardungi, Tantnagar, Sonua and Chakardharpur where it was sandy clay loam. Soils were acidic to alkaline in reaction (pH : 4.7 - 7.7). Fertility status in terms of organic matter was low to high (2.4 - 8.5 g kg-1) range. Available N was in low to medium (169.3 - 392.0 kg ha-1) while available P and K were low to high (12.0 - 70.1 & 61.6 - 580.2 kg ha-1 respectively). An overall decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed in Jhikpani, Tonto, Jaganathpur, Kumardungi and Tantnagar blocks. Among these sharp decrease in rainfall was noticed in Jhikpani (-104.57mm/yr). Monsoonal rain almost followed the trend of annual rain except in Tantnagar where it was slightly increasing. Again maximum decreasing rate (maximum -72.02mm/yr) in rainfall was observed in Jhikpani block. Among the seasons, monsoon received maximum rain (80-86%) and only 14-20 percent rain was received in remaining three seasons (Post monsoon, Winter & Summer). Initial and conditional probability for 50 mm rain has been observed upto 33 SMW in most of the blocks and it has expanded for lower limits of rain (25 and 10 mm) till 39 SMW. Severity of drought indicated that Jhikpani, Tonto and Tantnagar faced only one year severe drought. Noumundi, Jaganathpur, Kumardungi, Mujhgoan, Manjari, Sonua and Chakardharpur were under mild drought (1-4 years). Expect Jhikpani, Tonto, Noumundi and Tantnagar blocks went under moderate drought (1-2 years). These moderate drought can be managed by providing 2-3 irrigations facility and by crop management practice to some extent. Agricultural drought were found to be maximum (3 years) in Jaganathpur, Manjari, Tantnagar and Chakardharpur followed by Tonto (2 year) and only one years in rest of the blocks. Gamma distribution of rainfall at five levels of probabilities (90, 75, 50, 25 & 10 %) analysed at annual and weekly basis for all blocks of West Singhbhum. Amount of assured rainfall at higher probability levels were less as compared to subsequent lower levels in all the blocks. Assured rain on weekly basis at 25% probability was more close to normal rain in all blocks of West Singhbhum. Under normal weather condition, Maize, Pigeonpea, Urdbean, Moongbean and Millets have been found most suitable crops for uplands in all blocks. Intercropping of major crops have been found suitable than sole cropping under the situation. Medium duration (120-125 days) improved and hybrid rice varieties (Vandana, Anjali, Birsa Dhan Sahbhagi, Abhishek Lalat, IR 34, IR 64, Arize 6444 and Arize tej) have been recommended for medium and lowland as transplanted rice. Long duration rice is recommended only for lowland having 2-3 assured irrigation. During early drought condition (upto 15th July), direct seeding of same crops as well as Millets and Sorghum have been recommended for uplands with a condition to complete the sowing strictly upto 15th July. Short duration rice varieties (Vandana, Lalat Sahbhagi) have been suggested as aerobic rice on mediun lands. Medium duration same varieties of rice have been recommended on medium and lowlands as transplanted as well as aerobic rice in all the blocks. Long duration rice has not been recommended even on lowlands under the condition. Under late drought condition (upto 15th August), Kulthi, Nizer, Fodder maize, Cowpea and Pigeonpea have been suggested on uplands. Potato (var. Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Pukhraj) has been suggested on medium lands. On lowlands early rabi crops like vegetable pea, Gram, Lentil, Linseed and Toriya have been suggested as para crop/minimum tillage sowing crops. In some block Mustard (var. Pusa -28 has been suggested to be sown after 15 September.