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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1982 - 198911990 - 19962
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Subject: Agricultural Engineering × End date: 2007 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Crop Planning For Better Utilization of Land and Water Resources of Jumar Nala Watershed, Ranchi
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Braj Nandan Prasad; Dr. A. P. Mishra
    The present study aims to propose a suitable cropping pattern for Jumar nala watershed area of Ranchi . The investigation covered ,water recourse study and its availability , crop coefficient to estimate irrigation requirement of important Kharif and rabi crops, analysis of rainfall and evaporation data and formulation of linear programming model for optimal allocation of land and water resources of the watershed area. The sources of irrigation water are ponds and percolation wells only.The present storing capacity of ponds available in the study area is 66.7 % of total runoff expected at 30% risk.The total availability of water from these resources were estimated to be 62,156.9 ha-mm during Kharif and 35,348.6 ha-mm during rabi seasons . Excess and deficit analysis at 30% risk showed that excess period is continuous from 2nd July to 23rd September. The deficit period is also continuous from 24th September to 1st July during which there is need of supplemental irrigation for crop production. The analysis indicate that there is 20-25 % change of damage to Kharif crops under rainfed condition. The results of onset and withdrawal of mansoon indicated that field preparation and sowing operation of Kharif crops should be completed by 24th June and pudding operation by 8th to 15th July os that transplanting of paddy may be completed latest by 31st July of every year to get good Kharif crops at 30% risk. There is negligible amount of rainfed in post monsoon season. Winter season receives less than 40mm .rainfall even at 10% probability. Therefore, moisture resistant rainfed crops like Linseed Lentil and Gram may be recommended for watershed area during rabi season. Crop coefficient of approximately all crops were found higher between 23rd July and 16 th September which coincide with rainfall excess period. Crop coefficients of rabi crops were found higher between 17th December and 18th February which I rainfall deficit period. This is an indication of requirement of addition irrigation water during these period, but availability of water in the watershed area limits its application to selected crops at vulnerable growth stages. The existing cropping pattern was found deficient in producing balanced
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hydrological Investigations of Small Watersheds of Plateau Region of Bihar for Efficient Watershed Management
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Shoeb Quraishi; Dr. S. Tiwary
    On account of undulating nature of terrain, light texture of upland soil with low organic matter content, unpredictable and erratic rainfall faulty cultivating practices and other biotic factors like uncontrolled grazing and destruction of forest the problem of soil erosion and water loss is the most alarming throughout the Plateau region of Bihar , Since the entire region cones under reinfed area, the improved natural resources development management and conservation to provide a reliable base for stable agricultural production are critically needed in the region. Under this situation watershed if the only natural focus of research where proper planning has to be made for soil and water management in relation to crop production system resource conservation and utilization. The present investigation was therefore undertaken with objective to formulate the reliable response ,model s for predicting runoff water retention soil loss and nutrient loss along with evaluation of crop response for rainfed conditions under different cropping system identification of low investment high return crop combination and optimal allocation of land resources for different crops to get the maximum net return with minimum soil loss from small agricultural watershed of plateau region of Bihar. For estimating and quantifying the runoff sediment loss and nutrient loss the experiment of runoff2 plot under controlled condition with Arhar and groundnut as cover crops was conducted. On the basis of the data generated from this experiment mathematical models for runoff water retention sediment loss and nutrient loss were developed. The experiment was also conducted on watershed basis under Arhar +groundnut ,Arhar + maize cropping system and the predicted values of runoff water retention, sediment loss and nutrient loss from mathematical models were compared with the observed values obtained from the watershed experiment to evaluate the validity of the models.In order to develop crop response under rainfed condition the effect of water retention on grain yield of different cropping systems.An experiment was also conducted to evaluate the most economical crop combination among different cropping system recommended for rainfed condition for the region All experiment conducted at soil conservation Reasearch station farm Demotanr Hazsaribagh. The optimal solution for land use pattern is evaluated for different activities with a view to maximum the net return and minimize the soil loss from Ranchi Swanrekha North potpoto Nala catchment in Kanke Block having 1820 ha of total agricultural land with consideration of meeting the food requirement of the population of the watershed area. On the basis of analysis of twenty five years rainfall was found in the month rainfall was found in the month of July followed by August The rainfall predicted in the range of 40 to 60 per cent probability level may be applied for the estimate of runoff and soil loss and cultivation of suitable Khaarif crops under rainfed condition. The effective storm was found to be in the reabge of 60 to 65 per cent of the total rainfall. Maximum value of erosion index as 188.16 metric unit was found in the month of july expressing the higher rate of erosivity. Mathematical model for prediction of per cent water retention was developed in terms of foliage cover and slope of the land .The runoff rediction model was developed by volume
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Urea Fertilizers And Their Management Practices For Lowland Rice
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1982) Ganesh Prasad Saha; B. N. Mitra
    Based upon the finding of experiments summarized above, it may be concluded that there is considerable possibility in the improvement of grain yield and N content in grain of lowland rice by growing improved varieties with suitable from of urea and their appropriate N management practices .For a long duration variety like Pankaj ,application of LCU as single basasl or in two equal splits at an interval of 30 days can increase the yield considerable .For a short duration variety like Pusa 33, a high level of production can be expected even with OU if applied in two equal splits particularly the basal half by plough sole method. A medium duration variety like Ratan whose N requirement is moderate ,split application .In the soils of medium fertility , 54 KgN/ha is adequate to achieve high yields as well as recovery during wet season. The results further suggest that a high yield variety even of moderate N requirement if grown during dry season is necessarily to be supplied with higher level of N as compared to wet season. Under continuous flooded conditions –Common feature of lowland, application of LCU is more promising than other indigenous from of urea for increasing the yield as well as recovery of N. This also holds true for irrigated lowlands, where wet season rice is mostly followed by a dry season rice. Application of OU by broadcast –incorporation is to be avoid as far as possible and , insect, plough sole method may be adopted after 3-5 days of puddling or just before transplanting. For obtaining good response with USG placement in two equal splits at planting and at 30DAT is most appropriate and single basal placement in higher dose if necessarily to be avoided. Under limited supply of N, even with 27 Kg N/ha, high yield can be expected if aslow releases form like LCU is applied in place of other comparatively fast- releasing forms. In soils where leaching loss of N is considerably low, USG may prove to be as good as slow release forms like LCU. Both these forms, being indigenous, hold promise to the present day lowland rice cultivation where sustained efforts are being made extensively to improve the utilization of N from Urea.