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Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya
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ThesisItem Open Access Seasonal incidence of major insect-pests of pigeonpea and management of pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch(ANDUAT,Kumaragnaj, ayodhya, 2020-10-19) Yadav, Sachin Kumar; Kumar, PankajThe present investigation entitled “Seasonal incidence of major insect-pests of pigeonpea and management of pigeonpea pod fly Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch” were carried out for two consecutive crop seasons i.e., Kharif, 2018-19 and 2019-20. Maximum larval population of Helicoverpa armigera was observed in 12th (7 .36 larvae / 5 plants) and 11th (9.20 larvae / 5 plants) standard week whereas it was minimum in 47th (0.20 larvae / 5 plants) and 1st (0.12 larvae / 5 plants) standard week, respectively whereas highest population of Exelastis atomosa was observed in 11th and 10th SW and lowest population was observed in 6th & 15th and 4th SW, respectively during both the year. Clavigralla gibbosa population attained the peak during 7th and 8th SW and minimum population was observed during 16th and 2nd & 16th SW and the peak larval population of Lampides boeticus was recorded in 10th SW during both the years. The lowest population was observed in 14th and 15th SW during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. The peak period of occurrence of M. obtusa maggot and pupae was observed in 9th & 12th SW and 11th & 12th SW during both the year, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the incidence of Helicoverpa armigera, Exelastis atomosa, Clavigralla gibbosa, Lampides boeticus and maggot of M. obtusa with abiotic factors showed both positive as well as negative relationships at non significant level during both the years. The correlation coefficients between the pupae of M. obtusa and weather factors had significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (0.621* & 0.716*), maximum temperature (0.588* & 0.516*) and sunshine hour (0.600* & 0.561*) while relative humidity showed significant negative correlation (-0.681* & -0.646*) and rainfall had non significant negative correlation in both the years, respectively. During Kharif, 2018-19 the Torymoides spp. and Ormyrus orientalis spp. was recovered for the first time from the pods collected on second fortnight of February and the level of parasitization was 14.28 per cent. The parasitization increased on first fortnight of March and reached to its maximum level 25.71 per cent. During Kharif, 2019-20, the maximum parasitization on first fortnight of March and reached to its maximum level 25.00 per cent. Out of 30 germplasm of pigeonpea evaluated against Melanagromyza obtuse, only three germplasms viz. ICP 8863A, ICP 6443 and JBT 46-61 were found moderate resistant against pigeonpea pod fly. None of the germplasm fell under highly resistant category during both the years of study. All the treatments were significantly superior over the control when observations on per cent pod damage were taken at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatment. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i./ha was found best in reducing pod damage caused by Melanagromyza obtuse. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 11 g a.i./ha was the second best treatment in both the year. The maximum cost benefit ratio of 1:14.56 was obtained from the plots treated with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i./ha followed by Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @11 g a.i. /ha (1:13.62). The minimum (C:B) ratio of (1: 5.81) was obtained Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 20 g a.i./ha treated plots.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of yield and yield contributing characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil(ANDUAT, kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2020-09-15) Hitaishi, Suraj Kumar; Vimal, S.C.The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of yield and yield contributing characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil” was carried out with 4 sets of crosses (NDRK 5004 x NUD 3, Pant10 x IR 28, CSR 10 x NUD 3, Sushk Samrat x IR 28) for seventeen quantitative traits during the Kharif 20017-19 at Student‟s Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.), India Six genetic populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) of above four crosses were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in sodic soils. The present investigation was undertaken (i) to test the adequacy of „additive-dominance model‟ in inheritance of various characters using simple scaling test and joint scaling test. (ii) to workout heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean for different characters (iii) to study the nature and magnitude of gene effect controlling for yield, yield components and some other important characters, (iv) to estimate heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and yield attributes, (v) to examine the nature and magnitude of inter-relationships between different characters and (vi) to find out direct and indirect effects of yield contributing traits on seed yield using path-coefficient analysis. Observation were recorded on seventeen quantitative traits viz., days to 50% flowering, day to maturity, chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, Flag leaf area, Plant height, Panicle bearing tillers/plant, Panicle length, Spikelet/panicle, Grains/panicle, Spikelet fertility, Biological yield/plant, Harvest index, 1000-grain weight, protein content and grain yield per plant. The data on sixteen metric traits from were subjected to analysis of variance of Randomized Complete Block Design, separately, simple and joint scaling tests and six parameter models of generation mean were used to study the nature and magnitude of gene effects for seventeen traits of four crosses. Heterosis was estimated over standard variety (NUD 3), better parent and inbreeding depression was studied for understanding the manifestation of heterosis in different crosses. Heritability in broad sense, narrow sense and expected genetic advance in per cent of mean were computed to assess the efficiency of selection in improving the characters. Analysis of variance of Randomized Complete Block Design revealed significant differences among the families for all the seventeen characters in the four crosses. Significant differences among the progenies within each family for all the seventeen characters were also observed. Simple and joint scaling tests indicated presence of epistatic interaction and fitness of digenic interaction model for all the seventeen characters in the four crosses. Out of 64 cases, all cases showed significance of epistasis which was detected by either one or both type of scaling tests for all the characters. Both tests, simple and joint scaling tests led to similar inferences in respect of presence or absence of epistasis in majority of cases for seventeen characters in four crosses.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on incidence, severity, variability, bio-chemical basis of resistance and management of spot blotch of wheat(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2020-10-27) Dibya, Dibya; Singh, S.P.ANDUATThe present investigation entitled “Studies on incidence, severity, variability and bio-chemical basis of resistance and management of spot blotch of wheat” was carried out at Student Instructional Farm (SIF), Main Experimental Station (MES), Wheat Pathological Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology and Department of Agriculture Bio-chemistry at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. This University is located in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs) of Eastern Uttar Pradesh at latitude 26.47o N, longitude 82.12o and at altitude of 113 meter above the sea level. The experiments were conducted during Rabi season 2018-2019 and 2019-20. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal food crop of the world as well as the second most important cereal food crop in India, which contributes nearly one-third of the total food grains production. . India recorded all time high 101.20 mt of wheat production from an area of 29.55 mha with an average national productivity 3424 kg/ha during 2018 (Anonymous, 2018-19). Out of 200 genotypes/lines, none of the genotypes/lines were found immune and highly susceptible, thirty six genotypes were found resistance, ninety one genotypes were found moderately resistant and forty three genotypes were found moderately susceptible. The AUDPC calculated for 200 wheat genotypes on the basis of plant disease intensity varied from 52.5 to 1057.0 first year and 101.5 to 976.5 second year showing the fast progress of disease in all genotypes. Survey of ten districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh during Rabi season 2018-2019 and 2019-20 was carried out in first and third week of March to assess the incidence and severity of foliar blight especially, spot blotch caused by B. sorokiniana. Highest incidence of foliar blight was recorded in district Ayodhya (78.41 per cent) and lowest incidence was recorded with district Maharajganj (69.65 per cent). The severity were ranged 12 to 89 it was observed that during 2019-20 foliar blight severity was more than year 2018-2019.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on microbe mediated biochemical and molecular mechanism responsible for induced systemic resistance (ISR) and plant growth promotion in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under stress of pathogenic “Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis(ANDUAT,Kumaraganj,Ayodhya, 2020-10-29) Srivastava, Shalini; Kumar, AdeshA total of 20 rhizospheric strains were isolated at NA, King’s B and Jension media. Out of 20, only eight isolates (40 percent) showed antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.spp.lentis. All the antagonistic isolates produced diffusible and volatile antifungal metabolites. The isolates (B5) and (B8) showed a maximum antagonism as 77.8% and 70% respectively. All the antagonistic isolates showed PGPR activity such as phosphate solubilization, Zn solubilization, Siderophore production ,Ammonia production, HCN and IAA production. On the basis of their antagonistic and PGPR functionality, out of eight, only two isolates, B5 and B8 were found to be more effective which were selected for ISR against wilt of lentil and characterized B5 and B8 strains by 16SrRNA molecular primer. Strain B5 and B8 identified as Bacillus safensis and Bacillus licheniformis respectively. The effect of these two bio-agents (Bacillus safensis and Bacillus licheniformis spp.) against wilt phyto-pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lentis ) lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) was determined. Two varieties of lentil as resistant (IPL-316) and susceptible (K-75) were taken for the experiment.ThesisItem Open Access Quantification of insect-pest diversity and management of Earias vittella (Fab.) in okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench(ANDUAT,Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2020-10) Kumar, Suraj; Kumar, PankajThe present investigation entitled “Quantification of insect pest diversity and management of Earias vittella Fab. in okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench” were carried out for two consecutive crop seasons i.e., kharif 2018 and 2019. A total of 19 insect pest species were recorded during the entire crop season. Among them six species were major and thirteen of minor importance. Two species of ladybird beetle, two species of spider and egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis was recorded as natural enemies of different okra pest. E. vittella caused dropping, drying and withering of tender shoots at vegetative stage. Maximum shoot damage of 23.20 per cent was recorded in untreated control. The natural enemies viz, ladybird beetle, predatory spider and egg parasitoid of Earias vitella observed predating upon different insect pest infesting okra crop. Correlation of major insect-pest and natural enemies with weather parameters were worked out and it is revealed that minimum temperature had positive significant correlation (r= 0.757** and 0.835**) during both the years with per cent shoot damage. Maximum temperature showed non-significant negative correlation during 2018 and significantly positive correlation during 2019 and correlation values in respective years were r= -0.138 and 0.810**, respectively. Correlation with minimum temperature and Coccinella septempunctata showed positive significant correlation (r= 0.196 and 0.329) during both the years. Out of 30 germplasm of okra evaluated against E. vittella, none was found immune from damage of E. vittella. However, damage level varied from 9.00 to 33.07 per cent in case of shoot damage and 12.52 to 36.55 per cent in case of fruit damage. Lowest shoot damage was found in HRB-55 (9.00 %) followed by EMS-8-1 (13.65%) whereas Pusa Sawani showed maximum shoot damage of 33.07% followed by Parbhani Kranti (32.74%) and GS-43 (31.57%). Based on overall mean per cent fruit damage, the damage was varied from 4.81 to 22.42 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access Germplasm screening, population dynamics and evaluation of IPM modules for the management of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2020-09-14) Sharma, Sanjeev; Chandra, UmeshThe present investigations entitled “Germplasm screening, population dynamics and evaluation of IPM modules for the management of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” revealed that the larval population H. armigera (Hub.) recorded at 50 per cent flowering stage, 50 per cent pod filling stage and mean per cent damage at maturity stage at weekly interval on 10 randomly selected plants starting with 50 per cent flowering stage, 50 per cent pod filling stage and maturity stage ranged 2.90 to 8.30, 3.10 to 9.40 larvae/ 10 plants and 12.97 damage per cent larvae to 37.12 per cent during Rabi, 2017-18 and 3.33 to 8.00, 3.80 to 10.20 larvae/ 10 plants and 13.25 damage per cent to 36.48 per cent during Rabi, 2018-19 respectively. During Rabi, 2017-18 the results revealed that the out of 50 germplasm screened against H. armigera 38 germplasms with PSR (8-9) were found highly susceptible; only 4 germplasms with PSR (6-7) found moderately susceptible and only 7 germplasms with PSR (3-5) were found least susceptible. None of the germplasm fell under highly resistant category (1-2) PSR. Out of 50 germplasm screened against H. armigera 38 germplasms with PSR (8-9) were found highly susceptible; only 3 germplasms found moderately susceptible and only 8 germplasms with PSR (3- 5) were found least susceptible. None of the germplasm fell under highly resistant category (1-2) PSR during Rabi, 2018-19. Maximum larvae were recorded in the 10th SW and 9th SW with respective larval population of 3.15 & 3.16 during Rabi, 2017-18 and Rabi, 2018-19, respectively and Minimum over all mean larvae recorded in 45th SW were 0.24 & 0.39 larvae/ plant during Rabi, 2017-18 and Rabi, 2018-19. It is evident from data that larval population showed non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (-0.050), relative humidity (-0.349) and rainfall (-0.063) while maximum temperature showed non-significant positive correlation (0.088) during Rabi, 2017-18. During 2018-19 the larval population showed non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature, maximum temperature and rainfall (-0.403), (-0.022) and (-0.060) while relative humidity showed non-significant with positive correlation (0.149).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Biology and Efficacy of Bio-rational insecticides against shoot and fruit borer,Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee ib BRINJAL(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2020-10-28) Singh, Roopesh; Chandra, UmeshThe present investigations were carried out during the Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 seasons at Student’s Instructional Farm, A. N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The four major insects viz., Jassid (A. biguttula biguttula), White fly (Bemacia tabaci), Hadda beetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata) and brinjal shoot and fruit borer (L. orbonalis) were recorded. The maximum population of brinjal shoot and fruit borer 5.37 & 4.95 larvae /plant was recorded in 15th SW of 2017-18 & 2018-19 followed by 4.68 & 4.92 larvae/plant of brinjal shoot and fruit borer was recorded in 14th SW of 2017-18 & 2018-19 and minimum population of brinjal shoot and fruit borer 0.31 & 0.35 larvae /plant was recorded in 21st SW of 2017-18 & 2018-19 followed by 20th SW of 2017-18 & 2018-19 larval population of brinjal shoot and fruit borer 0.63 & 0.59 larvae/plant. Among the various insecticides evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (L. orbonalis), Spinosad 45 SC @ 73g a.i./ha treated plots showed lowest infestation and gave higher fruit yield (253.12) followed by Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (229.33). The boipesticide NSKE 5% most effective followed by Bacillus thuringensis and Beauveria bassiana. The highest cost: benefit ratio was obtained from NSKE 5% (1:24.40) followed by Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (1:24.13) which were also economical than other treatments. On the basis of per cent shoot infestation Spinosad 45 SC was found most effective insecticide with lower infestation followed by Indoxacarb 14.5 SC > NSKE 5% >Chlorfenapyr 1.9 EC >Bacillus thuringensis >Karanj seed extract>Beauveria bassiana >Neem oilcompared to control, all the treatments were found effective and significantly superior over the control. Based on per cent fruit infestation on brinjal, Indoxacarb 14.5 SCwas most effective followed by Spinosad 45 SC>Chlorfenapyr 1.9 EC > NSKE 5% >Bacillus thuringensis >Karanj seed extract>Beauveria bassiana>neem oil, control. Indoxacarbwas found significantly superior to other insecticides. Spinosad and Chlorfenapyr were found next effective insecticides.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on combining ability and heterosis for yield and its components under sodic soil in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)(ANDUAT, 2020) Singh, Krishna Pratap; Singh, VinodAddThesisItem Open Access Effect of nitrogen sources and weed management practices on the performance of turmeric(ANDUAT, 2020) Singh, Prashant; Singh, Ravi ShankerAdd