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Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis for yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during timely and late sown conditions(ANDUAT,Kumarganj,Ayodhya, 2021-12-10) Neha, Neha; Nath, ShivaThe present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis for yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during timely and late sown conditions” consisted of 15 lines and 4 testers, were used to make crosses in the fashion of “line × tester” mating design (Kempthorne, 1957), during 2019-20. All crosses (F1’s) along with lines and testers (including two checks) were evaluated in RBD with three replications during Rabi, 2020-21. The observations were recorded on 11 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), primary branches plant-1, secondary branches plant-1, pods plant-1 , seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, biological yield plant-1 (g), seed yield plant-1(g) and harvest index (%). Analysis of variance was found significant for all the eleven traits studied under both the environmental .i.e. timely (E1) and late (E2) sown condition, and that for combining ability indicated that both the additive and nonadditive gene actions were important for expression of the traits. In case of E1 as well as E2 environment the high estimates of PCV as well as GCV (> 25 %) were recorded for traits number of seeds per pod, biological yield and seed yield per plant. High estimates of broad sense heritability (>75 %) were obtained for all the traits under both the environments. The estimates of genetic advance as per cent of mean were high (>20 %) for all the studied traits in both the conditions except the trait days to 50% flowering in late sowing environment (E2) and days to maturity in both the environments. High heritability and high genetic advance for the traits Plant height (cm), No. of pods per pod, Biological yield (g) and Seed yield per plant (g) in both environments indicated the presence of additive genes in the trait and suggested reliable chickpea improvement through selection of the traits. GCP 105 in E1 condition and Pant G 186 in E2 condition were ranked as best tester as it had good general combining ability yield attributes including grain yield per plant. Among the lines, ICCV 10, JG 11, JG 14, NDG-11-12, Phule G 5, BG 362, and Vaibhav displayed positive and highly significant gca effects.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative studies of botanicals and new molecules on storability and field establishment in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck)(ANDUAT,Kumarganj,Ayodhya, 2021-02-28) Bhati, Jitender; Singh, R.B.The present investigation entitled “Comparative studies of botanicals and new molecules on storability and field establishment in mungbean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzeck}” was carried out in Complete Randomized Design in Laboratory under ambient storage condition and field experiment under Randomized Block Design with three replications. A comparative study of botanicals and new molecules on storability and field establishment in mungbean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzeck} of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) under Seed Entomology laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya during 2019 and 2020. Sixteen included control, newer insecticides and botanicals viz. Emamectin benzoate @ 40.0 mg/kg1 seed, Spinetorum @ 8.5 mg/kg-1 seed, Sivanto prime @ 0.01 ml/kg-1 seed, Karanj oil@ 5ml/kg seed, Castor oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Sunflower oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Mustard oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Sesamum oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Neem oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Neemoz gold @ 5 ml/kg-1 seed , Coconut oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Neem leaf powder @ 5g/kg seed, Neem kernel powder @ 5g/kg seed and Gorakhmundi powder @5g/kg seed as seed protectants along with Deltamethrin 2.8 EC @ 0.04ml/kg seed as check and control (Untreated) were tried to evaluated under ambient condition. The observations were taken in respect to percent seed moisture content, percent seed germination, speed of germination, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), vigour index-i, vigour index-ii, percent seed damage, percent loss of seed weight and field condition on evaluation of percent field emergence and crop establishment. The results revealed that among the tested seed protectants, Emamectin benzoate @ 40 mg/kg-1 seed followed by Sivanto prime @ 0.01 ml/kg-1 seed, Spinetorum @ 8.5 mg/kg-1 seed, Neemoz gold @ 5 ml/kg-1 seed and Karanj oil @ 5ml/kg seed were found most effective treatment against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on storability of mungbean due to least percent seed damage and percent loss of seed weight with high percent seed germination under ambient storage period. Similarly the well maintained percent field emergence and crop establishment in mungbean for long term (up to 6 months) under environmental condition.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of yield and yield contributing characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil(ANDUAT, kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2020-09-15) Hitaishi, Suraj Kumar; Vimal, S.C.The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of yield and yield contributing characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil” was carried out with 4 sets of crosses (NDRK 5004 x NUD 3, Pant10 x IR 28, CSR 10 x NUD 3, Sushk Samrat x IR 28) for seventeen quantitative traits during the Kharif 20017-19 at Student‟s Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya-224229 (U.P.), India Six genetic populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) of above four crosses were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in sodic soils. The present investigation was undertaken (i) to test the adequacy of „additive-dominance model‟ in inheritance of various characters using simple scaling test and joint scaling test. (ii) to workout heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean for different characters (iii) to study the nature and magnitude of gene effect controlling for yield, yield components and some other important characters, (iv) to estimate heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and yield attributes, (v) to examine the nature and magnitude of inter-relationships between different characters and (vi) to find out direct and indirect effects of yield contributing traits on seed yield using path-coefficient analysis. Observation were recorded on seventeen quantitative traits viz., days to 50% flowering, day to maturity, chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, Flag leaf area, Plant height, Panicle bearing tillers/plant, Panicle length, Spikelet/panicle, Grains/panicle, Spikelet fertility, Biological yield/plant, Harvest index, 1000-grain weight, protein content and grain yield per plant. The data on sixteen metric traits from were subjected to analysis of variance of Randomized Complete Block Design, separately, simple and joint scaling tests and six parameter models of generation mean were used to study the nature and magnitude of gene effects for seventeen traits of four crosses. Heterosis was estimated over standard variety (NUD 3), better parent and inbreeding depression was studied for understanding the manifestation of heterosis in different crosses. Heritability in broad sense, narrow sense and expected genetic advance in per cent of mean were computed to assess the efficiency of selection in improving the characters. Analysis of variance of Randomized Complete Block Design revealed significant differences among the families for all the seventeen characters in the four crosses. Significant differences among the progenies within each family for all the seventeen characters were also observed. Simple and joint scaling tests indicated presence of epistatic interaction and fitness of digenic interaction model for all the seventeen characters in the four crosses. Out of 64 cases, all cases showed significance of epistasis which was detected by either one or both type of scaling tests for all the characters. Both tests, simple and joint scaling tests led to similar inferences in respect of presence or absence of epistasis in majority of cases for seventeen characters in four crosses.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on combining ability and heterosis for yield and its contributing traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under sodic condition(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-06-30) Chaudhary, Amit Kumar; Nath, ShivaThe present investigation entitled “Studies on combining ability and heterosis for yield and its contributing traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under sodic condition” was undertaken to examine the to work out the genetic variability for the yield and quality traits, to compute associations at genotypic and phenotypic levels among different characters and analyze direct and indirect effects of different characters on grain yield, to study the combining ability variances and their effects, to find out gene action involved in the inheritance of various characters, to estimate heterosis over better-parent and standard varieties and inbreeding depression, to estimate heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean for yield and other characters. Screening of genotypes against diseases comprised of 15 lines and 3 testers recommended for sodic soil. These experiments were conducted at the Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm of A. N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya 224 229 (U.P.) during Rabi, 2017, 2018 and 2019. In the experiment, a line x tester set of 45 F1’s and F2’s (generated during 2017-18 and 2018-19) along with 18 parents (15 lines and 3 testers) and two checks were evaluated for fifteen characters in randomized complete block design with three replications during Rabi 2019-20. The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to treatment highly significant for all the characters in F1’s and F2’s. The estimates of sca variance were higher than the corresponding estimates of gca variance for all the traits. The values of the average degree of dominance were more than unity (>1) revealing overdominance for fifteen characters. The predictability ratio was lesser than one (<1) for the all characters. High heritability (h2bs) coupled with very high genetic advance in per cent of mean was observed for leaf nitrogen, grain yield per plant, chlorophyll content, biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant in F1’s crosses while in F2’s crosses; leaf nitrogen, biological yield per plant.ThesisItem Open Access Germplasm evaluation, character association, genetic divergence, combining ability and heterosis for different quantitative traits in mungbean [Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek(ANDUAT, Kumarganj,Ayodhya, 2021-03) Dutt, Akriti; Singh, VinodThe present investigation entitled “Germplasm evaluation, character association, genetic divergence, combining ability and heterosis for different quantitative traits in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was comprised of two experiments, namely, the germplasm evaluation experiment (experiment-I) and combining ability experiment (experiment-II). Both experiments were conducted at Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya during Zaid and Kharif seasons of 2019. Thirteen plant characters were studied in both experiments. In the germplasm evaluation experiment (experiment-I), sixty germplasm lines of mungbean and four checks were evaluated in augmented design in Zaid as well as Kharif seasons of 2019. The data was used for correlation and path coefficient analysis as well as non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. In the combining ability experiment (experiment-II), line x tester set of sixty F1s and their 19 parents with one check (P. Mung 4) were evaluated for thirteen characters and data was subjected to analysis of variance, line x tester analysis, estimation of heterosis and direct and indirect selection parameters. In germplasm evaluation experiment (experiment-I), SML 823 produced (8.77g) highest seed yield per plant followed by DGGV 2, BM 4, HUM 12, TM 96-2 and ADT 3 in Zaid season. In Kharif season, the highest seed yield per plant was produced by DGGV 2 (12.63 g) followed by ADT 3, P. Mung 6, P. Mung 5, P. Mung 2, MH 2-15. Biological yield per plant, pods per plant, clusters per plant, harvest-index and pods per cluster exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant in Zaid season. Seed yield per plant recorded highly significant and positive association with biological yield per plant, pods per plant, clusters per plant, harvest-index, primary branches per plant and seeds per pod besides having significant positive correlation with pods per cluster, plant height and pod length. Biological yield per plant followed by harvest-index and days to 50% flowering exerted highest positive direct effects on seed yield per plant in Zaid season. Pods per plant, pods per cluster, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight emerged as the most important indirect seed yield components in mungbean for Zaid season. Biological yield per plant followed by pods per plant and harvest-index exerted high order positive direct effects on seed yield per plant in Kharif season. Pods per plant, primary branches per plant, clusters per plant, seeds per pod, harvest-index, pods per cluster and biological yield per plant were identified as most important indirect seed yield attributes in mungbean for Kharif season. In the present study, the 64 genotypes of mungbean were grouped into ten distinct non-overlapping clusters using Non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis in Zaid as well as Kharif seasons, indicating presence of substantial genetic diversity in the germplasm collections evaluated in the present study in context of Zaid as well as Kharif seasons. The major clusters in the aforesaid two divergence analyses, in general, contained genotypes of heterogeneous origin.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on heterosis, combining ability and gene action for yield and yield contributing traits under sodic soil in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-04) Tiwari, Ankaj; Singh, VinodThe present investigation entitled “Studies on heterosis, combining ability and gene action for yield and yield contributing traits under sodic soil in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)” was undertaken to: 1. To work out genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean. 2. To estimate genetic association and path coefficient analysis amongst different traits. 3. To estimate general and specific combining ability variances and their effects. 4. To study nature and magnitude of gene action, heterosis in F1’s over better parent and standard varieties. The present study was carried out during Rabi seasons of 2018-19 & 2019-20 at Main Experimental Station, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The experimental materials comprised of twenty four genetically diverse varieties/strains and their 80 crosses. The 24 parents were involved in a crossing programme to develop a line x tester set (20 lines + 4 testers + 4 checks) during Rabi season of 2018-19.The experimental materials was evaluated in two conditions i.e. normal soil and sodic soil condition. The observations were recorded on twelve characters. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among lines, testers and line x tester indicating wide genetic variation for all the characters under study. Mean sum of squares due to treatments highly significant for all the characters studied except flag leaf area in E2 condition while, mean squares due to replications were found non-significant for all the characters in both environment. The phenotypic, genotypic and environmental coefficients of variability for all the twelve characters under both normal (E1) and sodic condition (E2) have been given in Table 4.2. In general, the magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits in both normal (E1) and sodic condition (E2). The high estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (>15%) were only tiller per plant in both environment E1 and E2 exhibited moderate estimates (5-15%) of PCV recorded for the characters were plant height, spike length, peduncle length, number of seed per spike, grain yield per plant and harvest index, in E1 environment and in E2, spike length, peduncle length, number of seed per spike, biological yield per plant, harvest index, grain yield per plant. Rest of all characters showed less than five percentage PCV. the high estimate of heritability in broad sense (>75%) was recorded for, plant height, harvest index, spike length grain yield/plant in E1 and only for plant height in E2. among all the characters in the E1 and E2 had the moderate to low estimates of heritability. Plant height, spike length, peduncle length, and harvest index in E1, and Tiller/plant, harvest index in E2 showed moderate estimate of genetic advance in percent of mean (10-20%). Rest of the traits showed low estimate of genetic advance in percent of mean in both environments.ThesisItem Open Access Variability, character association and genetic divergence studies in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.)(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-07) Patel, Amarjeet; Verma, O.P.The present investigation entitled “Variability, characters association and genetic divergence studies in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.)” involving 40 genotypes was undertaken to examine the (i) variability for seed yield and its contributing traits, (ii) character association among different characters, (iii) direct and indirect effects of yield components on seed yield per plant and (iv) genetic divergence using D² analysis in the Indian mustard genotypes. The experiment was conducted at Students Instructional Research Farm at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during rabi, 2020-21. All the 40 Indian mustard genotypes were tested in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Observations were recorded on 12 quantitative characters namely, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, length of main raceme (cm), number of siliquae on main raceme, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight (g), harvest index (%) and seed yield per plant (g). Analysis of variance observed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters, under study, found wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. Phenotypic correlation was of higher magnitude as compare to their corresponding genotypic correlation. Among genotypes correlation the seed yield was having positively and significantly correlated with biological yield per plant (0.870) followed by harvest index (0.609), number of secondary branches per plant (0.342) and number of siliquae on main raceme. While positive non-significant correlation with days to maturity (0.132) followed by number of seed per siliquae (0.066) plant height (0.052) and days to 50% flowering (0.046). As a result, any selection based on these characters will increase the performance and quality of Indian mustard. Path coefficient analysis showed that biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of primary branches per plant, number of siliquae on main raceme, days to maturity and number seed per siliquae were the most important character, controlling positive directly to seed yield. Mahalnobis D2 genetic divergence the non- hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped 40 genotypes into 7 clusters. These indicated the existence of high degree of genetic diversity in the germplasm.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic divergence analysis and character association in different genotypes of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.)(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-07-27) Singh, Aman; Singh, Dr. R.K.The present investigation entitled “Genetic divergence analysis and character association in different genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” conducted on 94 accessions of wheat during 2019-20 at Main Experiment Station (MES) of A.N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) to evaluate genetic divergence and character association for the identification of most diverse and promising genotypes. The experiment was laid out in Augmented Block Design. The observations were recorded on various morphological and physiological characters. The wide range of variation for different characters and comparison of means of germplasm line indicating existence of very high degree of variability for peduncle length, flag leaf area, biological yield plant-1, grain yield plant-1, 1000 – grain weight and harvest Index which could be utilized for breeding for improvement in the indigenous lines of wheat. Positive and significant correlation between tillers plant-1, spike length, biological yield plant-1, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Path analysis revealed that maximum positive direct effect on grain yield plant-1 was exerted by the biological yield plant-1 followed by harvest index and flag leaf area. Field experiment based non-hierarchical Euclidean clustering for eleven physiological traits for 94 genotypes shows the maximum inter – cluster distance between cluster IV and VII followed by cluster IV and VI and cluster II and VII. The maximum intra – cluster distance was observed in cluster X followed by cluster IX and cluster V.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Character Association and Genetic Divergence in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Sodic Soil Condition(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-07-27) Singh, Sudhanshu; Singh, Dr. VinodThe present investigation entitled “Studies on CharacterAssociation and Genetic Divergence in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Sodic Soil Condition” was conducted at Main ExperimentStation (MES) of A.N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi,2019-20. 105 genotype of bread wheat along with four checks. The experimentwas laid out in Augmented Block Design. The whole experimental field was divided into 7 blocks of equal sizeand every block had 19 plots of test entries along with 4 checks. The characters studied were days to 50%flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, peduncle length, spike length, number of grain per spike, test weight/1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant,biological yield per plant and harvest index. The assessment of existing variability within the 105 variety along with4 checks, collections was done by computing means, range, correlations, path-coefficients, heritability, geneticadvance andgenetic divergence. The wide range of variation for various characters and comparison of means of germplasm lines indicated the existence of very high degree of variability for all the characters within the 109 germplasm lines of wheat. Thevariety SATSN-18 (15.64 g) and SATSN-27 (15.64) produced highest grain yield per plant followed by SATSN-16 (15.28), SATSN-C29 (15.26), and SATSN-N24 (15.28). These lines also possessed average to high mean performance for many of the yield components. Therefore, these entries were identified as most promising varieties/lines to be used in hybridization programme as a donor parents. The lowest and highest mean performances for biological yield/ plant were recorded by SATSN-N10 and FLW-3, respectively. Thevery best positive direct effect on grain yield/plant was exerted by harvest-index, followed by biological yield/plant, days to 50% flowering, plant height showed positive direct effect on grain yield. The characters showing highly significant positive correlation among yield and its components suggested that in selection these characters could also be given due emphasis for developing high yielding varieties. Grains/spike has the highly significant correlation with the days to 50% flowering. The path analysis identified the major direct effect on grain yield per plant by biological yield per plant followed by harvest index, spikelets per spike, days to 50% flowering, test weight, plant height and tillers per plant. While plant height, spike length, days to maturity, number of grains per spike, tillers per plant, peduncle length, spikelets per spike, tillers per plant and peduncle length are emerged as most important indirect yield components.