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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL FARMING IN SIRMAUR DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (NAUNI,UHF, 2020-11) VASHISHAT, ROHIT KUMAR; SHARMA, SUBHASH
    ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Economic Analysis of Natural Farming in Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Sirmour district. A sample of 60 farmers practicing natural farming was selected using simple random sampling. Results of the study revealed that literacy rate was 95.30 percent in males and 76.90 in females and literacy index was 2.8 in males and 2.1 in females. Average land holding was 0.82 ha out of which natural farming area was 0.39 ha in the sampled farms. Under natural farming the major crop combinations adopted by farmers in Kharif season were cereals-vegetables (0.13 ha) followed by cereals–vegetables-pulses (0.10 ha), vegetables (0.10 ha) and sugarcane-vegetables-turmeric and in Rabi season cereals-vegetables (0.15 ha) followed by cereals-vegetables-oil seed crops (0.14 ha) and cereals–vegetables-pulses (0.08 ha). Under natural farming cost of cultivation in Kharif season was Rs. 62981.6/ha in cereals-vegetables-pulses, Rs.90395.7/ha in cereals-vegetables crop combination, Rs. 111252.26/ha in vegetables & Rs. 70472.73/ha in sugarcane-vegetables-turmeric and in Rabi season, cost of cultivation was Rs. 58244/ha in cereals-vegetables-pulses, Rs. 54870/ha in cereals-vegetables and Rs. 49886/ha in cereals-vegetables- oil seed crops. Under natural farming, the CEY in Kharif season was 74.32 q/ha in cereals-vegetables-pulses, 78.65 q/ha in cereals-vegetables, 142.63q/ha in vegetables and 1308.09 q/ha insugarcanevegetables-turmeric and in Rabi season the CEY was 65.99 q/ha in cereals-vegetables-pulses, 66.75 q/ha in cerealsvegetables and 40.51 q/ha in cereals-vegetables- oil seed crops. In Rabi season, under natural farming it has been observed that the per cent increase in the yield in comparison to conventional farming was highest in cerealsvegetables-pulses (157%) followed by cereals-vegetables- oil seed crops (85%) and cereals-vegetables (10%) and in Kharif season, the per cent increase was highest in vegetables (66%) followed by sugarcane-vegetables-turmeric (61%), cereals-vegetables (25%), cereals-vegetables-pulses (14%). In Kharif season, the REE (Relative Economic Efficiency) of natural farming system was highest in vegetables (99 %) followed by sugarcane-vegetables-turmeric (92%), cereals-vegetables-pulses (85%) and cereals-vegetables (30%) and in Rabi season, REE of natural farming system was highest in cereals-vegetables-pulses (570%) followed by cereals-vegetables (-7%) and cerealsvegetables- oil seed crops (-34.31%) in comparison to conventional farming. In natural farming and conventional farming systems the sum of the elasticity coefficient were found greater than one, indicated increasing returns to scale. The factor-price ratio was more than one in variables Jivamrit, Ghanjivamrit, Agniastra and seed in natural farming, which showed that the resources were at under utilization level. The non-availability of specialised market was ranked I problem with the 33.59 Garret mean score followed by labour intensive problem (II), unfair price for produce in market (III) and high wage rates (IV). The disease occurrence in the natural farming system was ranked least problem(15th) which means natural farming is successful in controlling diseases infarming field
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR AND MORPHOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN Apis cerana F. FROM DIFFERENT AGROCLIMATIC ZONES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (NAUNI,UHF, 2020-10) SAWRAJ JIT SINGH; SHARMA, HARISH KUMAR
    ABSTRACT The present investigations titled “Molecular and morphometric variability in Apis cerana F. from different agro-climatic zones in Himachal Pradesh” were carried out in the Apiculture Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) and Molecular Laboratory of the Plant Protection Division, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla (HP). The current study is the first documentation of molecular characterization of Apis cerana cerana from Himachal Pradesh. Samples of A. c. cerana workers were collected from the nine different locations representing three agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh viz., Palampur and Nurpur (Kangra), Upper Behli (Mandi), Narag (Sirmaur), Mashobra (Shimla), Nauni (Solan), Kalsuin (Chamba), Bajaura and Seobagh (Kullu) during 2019-2020. Morphometric analysis of A. c. cerana showed significant variations revealing no specific correlation with altitude. The observations revealed variations in body length (10.548-12.999 mm), head length (2.803-3.060 mm), thorax length (3.242-3.972 mm), abdomen length (4.333-6.058 mm), antennal length (4.1684.388 mm), proboscis length (5.262-5.727 mm), forewing length x breadth (8.625-8.950 mm x 2.7603.145 mm), hindwing length x breadth (6.068-6.426 mm x 1.665-1.853 mm) and hamuli number (17.55-19.60). The body colour of A. c. cerana workers varied from yellowish brown to blackish brown. Bees collected from Mashobra, Kalsuin, Narag, Palampur, Seobagh and Bajaura were comparatively darker than those from Nurpur, Upper Behli and Nauni. The mtCOI gene characterization of the subspecies possessed genetic distance ranging from 0.000 to 0.009, revealing two distinct clades; the population of A. c. cerana from Palampur (MT027920), Bajaura (MT027915) and Seobagh (MT027917) were grouped together in clade I due to close proximity, while population of A. c. cerana from Mashobra (MT027916), Nurpur (MT027905), Nauni (MT027919), Upper Behli (MT027922), Kalsuin (MT027904) and Narag (MT027921) were clubbed in clade II. The average nucleotide compositions were found to be adenine (32.74 %), thymine (40.71 %), guanine (11.49 %) and cytosine (15.1 %). The phylogenetic results indicate that sub-species from Himachal Pradesh shares close tie with same sub-species from neighbouring country China. Overall, the minimum genetic distance (0.0024) was observed between A. c. cerana from Himachal Pradesh and China (AP017983), whereas, it was maximum (0.0262) in between A. c. cerana from Himachal Pradesh and A. c. indica from Kerala (MH331013). Such variations can be exploited for improving the strain through selective breeding programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STANDARDIZATION OF PACKAGING MATERIAL, STORAGE DURATIONS AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON VASE LIFE OF SOFT SHIELD
    (NAUNI,UHF, 2020-09) KAUSHAL, NITESH; SHARMA, B P
    ABSTRACT The investigation entitled “Standardization of packaging material, storage durations and chemical treatments on vase life of soft shield fern [Polystichum squarrosum (D. Don)]’’ was carried out at the Experimental Farm Laboratory of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan during the year 2019-2020. The present study was conducted in two Seasons i.e. August – September (2019) and March – April (2020). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial using 19 treatment modules with three replications. It was observed that cut fronds sprayed with Glycerol (4%), wrapped in cellophane sheets and stored for 3 days (M9)resulted in outstanding improvement for most of the post harvest parameters such as appearance (4.67), minimum weight change (3.33 %), vase life (19.14 days) and water uptake (13.95 ml/stem). As regards the effect of Seasons, the cut fronds of season-II i.e. March – April (2020) gave excellent performance with respect to appearance (3.36), chlorophyll content (0.45 mg/g), minimum weight change (15.35 %), maximum vase life (13.33 days) and minimum water uptake (22.20 ml). The interaction, (M9 × S2) (spraying of cut fronds with glycerol (4 %) wrapped in cellophane sheets for three days storage of season-II) enhanced all the post harvest parameters such as appearance (4.80), minimum weight change (2.80 %), improved vase life (21.14 days) and minimum water uptake (10.10 ml). Hence, it is concluded that spraying the cut fronds with glycerol (4 %) wrapped in cellophane sheets with 3 days storage resulted in significant improvement of various post harvest parameters.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEED COATING STUDIES IN PEA (Pisum sativum L.)
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2020-08) VINAY; SHARMA, RAJENDER
    ABSTRACT The present investigations titled “Seed coating studies in pea (Pisum sativum L.)” were carried out using cv. “Pb-89”. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design at Pandah Research Farm and laboratory studies were conducted in Completely Randomized Design in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2018-19. There were seven treatments viz., T1 (seed coating with Rhizobium @ 30 g kg-1 seed), T2 (seed coating with PSB @ 30 ml kg-1 seed), T3 (seed coating with Rhizobium @ 30 g + PSB @ 30 ml kg-1 seed), T4 (seed coating with FeSO4 @ 3 g kg-1 seed), T5 (seed coating with ZnSO4 @ 3 g kg-1 seed), T6 (seed coating with carbendazim @ 2.5 g kg-1 seed) and T7 (control). Foliar sprays of ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 0.3 per cent each were given at 50 per cent flowering and 15 days after the first spray in all treatments except control. It was concluded that the treatment T3 influenced nearly all the parameters resulting in maximum field emergence (92.67 %), plant height (91.03 cm), pods plant-1 (27.07), pod length (9.81 cm), seeds pod-1 (7.93), seed yield (13.98 g plant-1, 1.2 kg plot-1 and 21.33 q ha-1), 100 seed weight (17.11 g), germination (96 %), seedling length (19.29 cm), seedling dry weight (34.80 mg), SVI-I (1851.62), SVI-II (3341.38), lowest EC (16.75 μS cm-1), highest germination in accelerated ageing test and in cold test (77.75 % and 80 %, respectively) and maximum B: C ratio (2.00: 1). Therefore, treatment T3 can be suggested for pea seed production after multi-location testing for higher yield of quality seed under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOEFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF COMBI PRODUCT FLUBENDIAMIDE AND DELTAMETHRIN AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF TOMATO
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) KUMAR, ANIL; DUBEY, J K
    ABSTRACT The field experiment to evaluate “Bioefficacy and persistence of a combi product flubendiamide and deltamethrin against major insect pests of tomato” was conducted during 2018 in the Entomology Farm Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University Nauni, Solan. Bioefficacy studies revealed that all the insecticide treatments were significantly superior over control. Amongst all treatments, Fame Quick (flubendiamide 8.33 + deltamethrin 5.56 w/w) @ 72+48 g a.i./ha was found most effective in reducing larval population in fruit borer as well as in tomato pinworm followed by its single dose which were on a par with each other. Whereas, deltamethrin @ 24 g a.i./ha was found to be least effective treatment. Fruit damage of 4.11 and 6.67 per cent was recorded in H. armigera and Tuta absoluta, respectively due to Fame Quick (flubendiamide 8.33 + deltamethrin 5.56 w/w) @ 72+48 g a.i./ha. Initial deposits of 0.316 mg/kg of flubendiamide at 36 g a.i./ha due to application of combi product at X dose level of flubendiamide+deltamethrin (Fame Quick) dissipated to 0.218 and 0.110 mg/kg at 1 and 3 days of application whereas, at 2X dose level of flubendiamide at 72 g a.i./ha due to the application of combi product flubendiamide+deltamethrin (Fame Quick) the initial deposits of 0.554 dissipated to 0.423, 0.223 and 0.124 mg/kg at 1, 3 and 5 days of application. Initial deposits of 0.307 mg/kg of deltamethrin at 24 g a.i./ha due to application of combi product at X dose level of flubendiamide+deltamethrin (Fame Quick) dissipated to 0.151 and 0.073 mg/kg at 1 and 3 days of whereas, at 2X dose level of deltamethrin 48 g a.i./ha due to the application of combi product flubendiamide+deltamethrin (Fame Quick) the initial deposits 0.636 mg/kg dissipated to 0.299, 0.145 and 0.074 mg/kg after 1,3 and 5 days of spray application. While, no residues of flubendiamide and deltamethrin were detected in any tomato field soil sample at 20 days of interval in both X and 2X dose level due to application of combi product flubendiamide+ deltamethrin (Fame Quick). RL50 values observed to be 2.0 and 2.3 days in flubendiamide and in deltamethrin the half-life is of 1.5 and 1.7 days at X and 2X dose of flubendiamide+deltamethrin (Fame Quick). Hence, a safe waiting period 8 days can be recommended for a combi product flubendiamide + deltamethrin as a Fame Quick.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    POLLINATION AND FRUIT SET STUDIES IN CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.)
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017) VERMA, NEHA; RAMESH, KUMAR
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Pollination and fruit set studies in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)” were carried out at the Experimental Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif, 2016 to gather information on use of chemicals (Gibberellic acid, Silver nitrate and Silver thiosulphate) in modification of sex expression in gynoecious varieties (GYNO-1 and GYNO-2) of cucumber, floral biology and also to assess the efficiency of different system of pollination on fruit and seed setting and their characteristics in monoecious (K-75 and UHF-CUC-101) and gynoecious (GYNO-1 and GYNO-2) varieties. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Use of chemical in modification of sex expression, floral biology, fruit and seed setting studies were assessed through factorial analysis in randomized block design and completely randomized design proposed by Panse and Sukhatme (2000). The observations were recorded on use of chemicals in modification of sex expression in gynoecious lines (induction of male flowers), pollination studies, time of anthesis, dehiscence, pollen viability(%), stigma receptivity, node number bearing first female flower, average fruit weight (g), number of seeds per fruit and thousand seed weight (g). Amongst the various chemical used, silver thiosulphate was found best for the induction of staminate flower in gynoecious cucumber at 500ppm. Anthesis started at 6AM and completed by 8AM with the maximum anthesis between 6AM to 7AM in monoecious varieties whereas, in gynoecious varieties it was maximum upto 6:00AM in both open and controlled conditions and similar pattern was observed for dehiscence. Dehiscence occurs soon after anthesis. Maximum pollen viability was recorded on the day of anthesis and viability of pollen under refrigerated condition does not decreased as rapidly as it was under room temperature condition with the duration of pollen storage. Maximum stigma receptivity was noticed at anthesis time and pollination during this interval recorded maximum fruit set. A higher fruit set was observed in case of open pollination as compared to self pollination method. Gynoecious lines were earlier in flowering and fruiting than monoecious varieties. Open pollination had better effect on fruit and seed characteristics as compared to self pollination.