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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN STRAWBERRY (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-11) AKANKSHA SHARMA; Rajesh Kumar DograThe present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of yield and contributing traits in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2021-2023. The experimental material was comprised of F1 population of forty crosses, developed by crossing ten lines and four testers according to Line × Tester mating design. All the parents and their hybrids were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design for their comparative evaluation. The observations were recorded on plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, leaf area, number of runners per plant, days to runner formation after planting, flower size, petal size, number of stamens, days to flowering after planting, duration of flowering, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of sepals, number of achenes per fruit, days to maturity from flowering, number of fruits per plant, average berry weight, total yield, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, anthocyanin content and ascorbic acid. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Experimental results revealed that three lines viz., Nabila, Douglas and Royal Round and two testers viz., Camarosa and Sweet Charlie were found superior on the basis of their general combining ability studies. Four cross combinations viz., Nabila × Sweet Charlie, Nabila × Chandler, Royal Round × Camarosa and Meeherancher × Sweet Charlie were found best on the basis of mean performance, specific combining ability and heterosis studies. The components due to dominance (2 D) were higher in magnitude than additive (2 A) for all the traits under study except plant height, duration of flowering, average berry weight, total yield, total soluble solids and anthocyanin content indicated that the role of non-additive gene action was predominant. Hence, these parents and cross combinations can be used in further crop improvement programmes in strawberry.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON LOW CHILL APPLES (Malus × domestica Borkh.) IN SUB-MOUNTAIN ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-13) MEENA KUMARI; D P SharmaThe present investigations entitled “Studies on low chill apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) in sub-mountain zone of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out during 2017-2018 at Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur Districts of Himachal Pradesh. Apple cultivation in the warmer area of HP is slowly gaining popularity and this has an encouraging potential for the diversification of fruit cultivation in the lower areas. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made with the objectives to evaluate the existing low chilling apple plantations grown on seedling rootstock and to determine the status and potential of their cultivation in the lower hills of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the evaluation study cultivar Anna has been observed to be perform better in terms of tree height (3.32 m) AK, tree girth (21.38 cm) in AK2, tree volume (1.60m3) in AK1, yield (9.21kg/plant) in AK10, productivity (3.82t/ha) in AK10, whereas in terms of fruit length (69.80 mm), fruit weight (140.11 g) in AK8, fruit base cavity depth (1.89kg/cm3) in AH6 the best fruit shape and surface colour. Dorestt Golden had highest fruit setting in terms of selfing (26.94%) and in open pollination (54.36%), similarly, Dorsett Golden fruit also had maximum width (68.49 mm) in DH3, highest TSS (11.99°B) in DK1, titrable acidity (0.50%) in DK4 and non-reducing sugar (3.94 %) in DK10. However, Dorsett Golden a pollinizer also improved the yield of Anna cultivar. The cultivation of these cultivars will defiantly boost the apple orcharding for the upliftment of the farming community of lower foothills as the fruits of these cultivars fetches better price in the market due to its early harvesting. However, there is a need to educate farmers in all the aspects of training, pruning and orchard management practices for remunerative returns and longer life span of plantations.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON LOW CHILL APPLES (Malus × domestica Borkh.) IN SUB-MOUNTAIN ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-13) MEENA KUMARI; D P SharmaThe present investigations entitled “Studies on low chill apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) in sub-mountain zone of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out during 2017-2018 at Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur Districts of Himachal Pradesh. Apple cultivation in the warmer area of HP is slowly gaining popularity and this has an encouraging potential for the diversification of fruit cultivation in the lower areas. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made with the objectives to evaluate the existing low chilling apple plantations grown on seedling rootstock and to determine the status and potential of their cultivation in the lower hills of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the evaluation study cultivar Anna has been observed to be perform better in terms of tree height (3.32 m) AK, tree girth (21.38 cm) in AK2, tree volume (1.60m3) in AK1, yield (9.21kg/plant) in AK10, productivity (3.82t/ha) in AK10, whereas in terms of fruit length (69.80 mm), fruit weight (140.11 g) in AK8, fruit base cavity depth (1.89kg/cm3) in AH6 the best fruit shape and surface colour. Dorestt Golden had highest fruit setting in terms of selfing (26.94%) and in open pollination (54.36%), similarly, Dorsett Golden fruit also had maximum width (68.49 mm) in DH3, highest TSS (11.99°B) in DK1, titrable acidity (0.50%) in DK4 and non-reducing sugar (3.94 %) in DK10. However, Dorsett Golden a pollinizer also improved the yield of Anna cultivar. The cultivation of these cultivars will defiantly boost the apple orcharding for the upliftment of the farming community of lower foothills as the fruits of these cultivars fetches better price in the market due to its early harvesting. However, there is a need to educate farmers in all the aspects of training, pruning and orchard management practices for remunerative returns and longer life span of plantations.ThesisItem Open Access IN VIVO MUTAGENESIS IN APPLE (Malus × domestica Borkh.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-13) SARITA; Rajesh Kumar DograThe present investigation entitled “in vivo mutagenesis in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2021-2023. The experimental material was comprised of scion budsticks irradiated with different doses of gamma rays of two apple varieties namely Scarlet Spur II and Early Red One. The scion budsticks of both the varieties were irradiated with gamma rays (2.0 kR, 3.5 kR, 5.0 kR and 6.5 kR) and grafted onto M9 rootstock for raising M1V1 generation in the year 2022. The desired variants selected from M1V1 were grafted further onto M9 rootstock to raise M1V2 generation in the year 2023. The saplings of M1V1 generation not exhibiting any morphological variation were subjected to re-irradiation with the same respective doses as given in the previous year for raising M2V1 generation in the year 2023. The probit analysis for gamma rays indicated that the LD50 value based on survival per cent over control was determined as 4.62 kR and 4.65 kR, respectively in M1V1 generation and 4.66 kR and 4.54 kR, respectively in M2V1 generation for Scarlet Spur II and Early Red One. The observations were recorded on survival percentage, lethality percentage, plant vigor, plant type, plant habit, sapling diameter, length of internode, shoot colour, shoot pubescence, leaf blade attitude in relation to shoot, length of leaf blade, width of leaf blade, leaf blade ratio, intensity of green colour of leaf blade, leaf blade pubescence on lower side, leaf blade incisions of margins, petiole length, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf apex shape, leaf base shape, colour of young leaf, chlorophyll content, fresh weight of leaf, dry weight of leaf, mutation frequency and mutation effectiveness. The molecular analysis of the identified variants was carried out using CBDP and SCoT markers. Experimental results revealed that single dose irradiation of gamma rays has significantly influenced the plant vigor, length of internode, shoot colour, leaf dimensions, number of leaves, leaf area, petiole length, chlorophyll content, fresh weight and dry weight of leaves and mutation frequency. The repeated irradiation of gamma rays has also significantly affected all these characteristics. On the basis of DUS guidelines, 27 potential variants were identified in Scarlet Spur II and Early Red One varieties from M1V1, M1V2 and M2V1 generation and molecular analysis of these identified variants revealed that eight variants were genetically different from control plants.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIFFERENT TRAINING AND PRUNING INNOVATION IN POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum) CV. BHAGWA(UHF Nauni, 2024-11-06) ASHA THAKUR; Som Dev SharmaDuring the present investigation, four experiments on “Studies on different training and pruning innovation in pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Bhagwa” were carried out at three locations during the academic year 2021-23. In the first experiment, the effect of summer pruning timing, intensities and their interaction on vegetative, yield and quality of pomegranate cultivar Bhagwa was carried out at Farmer’s Field (Kehdru), Hamirpur (H.P.). Five pruning treatments were given: (T1 (¼ heading back), T2 (⅓ heading back), T3 (½ heading back), T4 ( heading back), T5 (control-no heading back) at three times, i.e. second fortnight of May, second fortnight of June and second fortnight of July. Among summer pruning timings, second fortnight of May resulted best in terms of vegetative, yield and fruit quality characteristics. Whereas, the severest pruning treatment ( heading back) was found best results in terms of vegetative characteristics and moderate pruning treatment (½ heading back) produced highest yield and best fruit quality. The second experiment was to study the effect of four different root pruning intensities (light-60 cm away from trunk, medium-45 cm away from trunk, severe-30 cm away from trunk and control) on pomegranate cultivar Bhagwa was conducted at experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.). The best results in terms of highest root growth and lowest vegetative growth were produced by the severest root pruning treatment, while the fruit yield, fruit size and fruit weight were produced maximum in light root pruned plants, the fruit quality and physiological activity were found maximum in moderate root pruning treatment. Third experiment was to study the effect of training angles (45⁰, 60⁰, 75⁰ and 90⁰) on vegetative and physiological characters of pomegranate cultivar Bhagwa was conducted at experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.). The stem angle 45⁰ resulted best in terms of vegetative growth reduction and increased physiological activity. The fourth experiment was to study the effect of different pruning intensities, viz., T1-10 cm, T2-15 cm, T3-20 cm, T4-25 cm and T5-control, on pomegranate plants was conducted at Regional Horticulture and Forest Research Station Bhota, Hamirpur (H.P.). The severe pruning treatment produced the best results in terms of vegetative growth and fruit quality characteristics, whereas moderate pruning treatment recorded highest yield.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON HORMONAL REGULATION OF GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF PERSIMMON (Diospyros kaki L.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-04-02) NEHA THAKUR; Dharam Paul SharmaThe present study entitled “Studies on hormonal regulation of growth, yield and fruit quality of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.)” was carried out in the experimental block of the Department of Fruit Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni - Solan (Himachal Pradesh) during the year 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design consisting of thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The plant bio-regulators and bio-stimulant were applied at 6 weeks before full bloom, 1 week before full bloom, and 30 days after full bloom. The plant bio-regulators and bio-stimulant treatments were T1: GA3 20 ppm, T2: GA3 40 ppm, T3: GA3 60 ppm, T4: Benzyladenine 20 ppm, T5: Benzyladenine 40 ppm, T6: Benzyladenine 60 ppm, T7: Brassinosteroid 0.1 ppm, T8: Brassinosteroid 0.01 ppm, T9: Brassinosteroid 0.001 ppm, T10: Bio-stimulant 1 mL/L, T11: Bio-stimulant 2 mL/L, T12: Bio-stimulant 3 mL/L, and T13: Control (water spray). The results from the present investigation revealed that plant bio-regulators and bio-stimulant significantly influenced plant growth, yield, fruit quality, and leaf hormone content at different phenological stages of persimmon cv. Hachiya. Among various treatments significantly better fruit quality attributes namely, fruit weight, yield, ascorbic acid content, TSS, total sugars, non-reducing sugars along with photosynthesis rate were recorded with the foliar application of 40 ppm GA3 (T2). Application of 60 ppm BA (T6) had the most significant influence on annual shoot extension, fruit size, volume, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. All the treatments also had a positive influence on the leaf hormone content of persimmon at different phenological stages with treatments T3 (60 ppm GA3), T6 (60 ppm BA), and T7 (0.1 ppm brassinosteroid) performing better than others.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC IMPROVEMENT IN POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum) THROUGH INDUCED MUTAGENESIS(UHF Nauni, 2024-02-04) MUNMUN JOSHI; Rajesh Kumar DograThe contemporary study entitled “Genetic improvement in pomegranate (Punica granatum) through induced mutagenesis” was carried out during 2021-2022 at Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan. The three cultivars viz., Kandhari Kabuli, Bhagwa and Daru were treated with physical mutagen (gamma rays) at doses of 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 kR with the objective of inducing variability. The observations were recorded at different intervals of time after sowing in the polyhouse and after transplanting in the field conditions (20, 30 and 40 days after sowing and 70 days after transplanting, subsequently). The germination percentage, survival percentage and LD50 doses were calculated for all the three cultivars. Mutant seedlings from different concentrations of gamma rays were evaluated for morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. The morphological changes were observed both under polyhouse and field conditions. The LD50 dose for cvs. Kandhari Kabuli, Bhagwa and Daru were 15.26 kR, 15.08 kR, and 13.74 kR, correspondingly. Morphological characterization was done on the basis of the UPOV descriptor for the traits; plant: growth habit, plant: intensity of grey colour of main branches, shoot length (cm), young shoot: predominant number of leaves per node, leaf blade: length (cm), leaf blade: width (cm), leaf blade: ratio length/width, Leaf blade: shape of apex excluding tip; leaf blade: intensity of green colour; petiole: length; petiole: anthocyanin colouration. The disease severity was also screened for bacterial blight under field conditions, where, cv. Daru recorded the minimum disease severity percentage (6.57%) corresponding to control, followed by cv. Bhagwa (9.03%) and cv. Kandhari Kabuli (22.97%) at 9 kR. The molecular characterization was employed using 26 SSR markers to check the variability within the mutagenized seedlings with the Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), the effective multiple ratio (EMR) and the marker index (MI) aligned from 0.08 to 0.58; 0.00 to 0.17 and 0.00 to 0.06, sequentially. From the present study gamma rays induced variability for morphological traits will serve as a potential breeding material for future use.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF NANO SELENIUM ON GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF APPLE (Malus × domestica Borkh.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-06) AMANPREET SINGH CHAHAL; Jitender K ChauhanThe present investigation entitled “Effect of nano selenium on growth and drought tolerance of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2022-2023. The experimental objectives were to study the effects of nano selenium on growth and physiology of apple rootstocks as well as on drought tolerance. Two rootstocks (MM 106 and M 9) were planted in pots under controlled environmental conditions. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications comprising of sixteen treatment combinations involving nano selenium concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm nSe) and field capacity levels (100, 80, 60 and 40 % FC). The result revealed that with the increase of drought stress level, the vegetative parameters of both the rootstocks such as fresh and dry weight of roots, fresh and dry weight of shoots, total root length, number of primary roots per plant diameter of primary roots, total biomass, per cent survival, number of leaves per plant and leaf area were decreased significantly while application of different doses of nano selenium (10, 20 and 30 ppm), significantly improved vegetative parameters with maximum values at 30 ppm concentration as compared to without (0 ppm) foliar application of nano selenium in both rootstocks. Leaf nutrients were also improved maximum with 30 ppm foliar application in different moisture regimes conditions as compared to 100 per cent field capacity without foliar applications. The physiological and biochemical parameters i.e. relative water content, membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and total antioxidant activity were decreased significantly except proline which increased significantly with the increase of drought stress level and when different doses of nano selenium (10, 20 and 30 ppm) was applied, physiological and biochemical parameters were improved significantly as compared to 100 per cent field capacity without foliar applications. The soil physico-biochemical parameters were affected non-significantly by different moisture regimes as well as by different doses of nano selenium applications.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ARTHROPOD PESTS OF APPLE AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS(UHF Nauni, 2024-07-09) NIKITA CHAUHAN; P L SharmaThe present investigations entitled “Studies on arthropod pests of apple and their natural enemies in different farming systems” were conducted during the year 2022 and 2023 at Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The diversity of apple pests and natural enemies varied with different combinations of variety, planting density and farming system. Aphis pomi De Geer, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus urticae Koch, Dorysthenus huegelii (Redtenbacher), Apriona cinera (Chevrolat), Zeuzera multistrigata (Moore), Archips termias (Meyrick), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Anomala dimidiata (Hope), Anomala lineatopennis (Blanchard), Brahmina coriacea (Hope) and Brahmina flavoserica (Bost) was found across a wide range of apple varieties (Jeromine, Red Velox, Super Chief, Auvial Early Fuji, Gale Gala, Scarlet Spur and Royal Delicious) and natural enemies recorded on all studied varieties, planting densities and farming systems were Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemii (Esben-Peterson), Harmonia dimidiata (Fabricius), Oenopia sauzeti (Mulsant), Oenopia kirbyi Mulsant, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.), Scymnus posticalis Sicard, Chilochorus infernalis Mulsant, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius), Sphaerophoria indiana Bigot, Episyrphus viridaureus (Wiedemann), Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius) and Aphelinus mali (Haldeman). In laboratory studies on demographics of pests and related natural enemies of apple, showed that all pests and natural enemies completed their life cycle on all the varieties successfully. Predatory potential and density responsiveness of natural enemies like O. kirbyi, S. posticalis, C. zastrowi sillemi, N. longispinosus and A. mali showed promising results against respective apple pests. The predatory potential increased with predator age. For all natural enemies, significant negative linear coefficients were obtained after logistic regression analysis between proportion of prey nymphs consumed (Na/N) and initial prey density (N) which indicated the Type-II functional response for all the stages of natural enemies. The attack rate decreased and increasing handling time with the advancement of the development stage of the prey in all the cases.
