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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF Abies pindrow POPULATIONS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-19) AKSHIPTIKA CHANDEL; Atul GuptaPresent study entitled “Ecological status of Abies pindrow populations in Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during year 2022-23. Four districts viz; Shimla, Kullu Mandi and Chamba were selected randomly and from each selected district four populations were selected randomly and from each selected population nine trees were selected for collection of different morphological and seed characters. Tree height, tree diameter, crown length, cone width, seed length and seed breadth was found maximum in Kullu and Chamba districts whereas bole height and crown length was found maximum in Shimla district. Tree height of Abies pindrow was varied from 14.58 m in Shimla district to 21.67 m in Kullu district whereas diameter varied from 61.33 cm in Mandi district to 93.25 in Kullu district. Cone length was maximum (128.18 mm) in Kullu district whereas it was minimum (74.83 mm) in Shimla district. Number of seeds per cone varied from 33.75 (Shimla district) to 61.17 (Kullu district). 100 seed weight without wings was also found maximum in Kullu district (3.62 g) and minimum in Shimla district (2.71g).It was also observed that there was no significant variation within population for most of the morphological and seed characters. Seeds collected from 16 different populations were sown in polybags in Shilli Wildlife Sanctuary, Solan. Germination percentage was found more for seed treated with chilling as compared to without chilling treatment and was found maximum in Mandi district (59.33%) and minimum in Chamba district (37.33%). Survival percentage was maximum in Kullu district (46.41%) whereas minimum in Mandi district 39.30%. Seedling height at 6 months was more from the seed collected from Shimla district (4.70 cm) whereas it was minimum in Mandi district (4.72 cm). High genotypic and phenotypic variation was estimated in germination percentage, seedling height at two and three months of age. High heritability and genetic gain was found for survival percentage. Maximum density in Shimla district was recorded in Rhododendron arboreum and IVI was highest in Abies pindrow (25.11). Phytosociological study suggested that 17 tree species were associated with Abies pindrow in Shimla district whereas 11 tree species were associatied in Mandi district.Shrub speces were varied from 10-15 and herb species varied from 4-20. Estsblished regeneration was more in chamba distict whereas regeneration success percent was more for Pinus roxburghii (49%) followed by Abies pindrow (32%).ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WILD WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) POPULATION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-03-18) UMESH SHARMA; H.P. SankhyanThe present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity of wild walnut (Juglans regia L.) population in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2020-2024 and employed a multidimensional approach encompassing morphological analysis, wood characterization, nursery progeny evaluation, and molecular marker studies. To investigate genetic diversity, walnut genotypes were carefully selected from 12 distinct sites across Himachal Pradesh. The genotypes were categorized based on both latitude and altitude ranges. Wood samples from these diverse sites underwent thorough physico-chemical analysis. The seedlings were raised in polybags in an experimental field and assessed using a Randomized Block Design. This genetic material was utilized for investigating the spectrum of diversity via molecular markers. Morphological studies revealed a wide range of characteristics among the genotypes, including tree height, crown dimensions, leaflet and nut traits. Notably, all nut and leaf traits exhibited high heritability and significant genetic advance, indicating the potential for efficient selection based on additive gene action. Correlation studies unveiled significant relationships between various morphological attributes and geographical parameters such as latitude and altitude. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed three principal components contributing to variability in tree, leaf and nut characteristics. In the genetic divergence investigation, the genotypes were classified into three primary clusters, with the majority falling into Cluster-III. Cluster analysis emphasized distinctive characteristics within each cluster, providing valuable insights into the diversity among wild walnut genotypes. Wood analysis across different genotypes revealed varying physico-chemical traits, with certain genotypes exhibited notable properties such as high moisture content, specific gravity, and fibre length. Correlation studies in wood analysis demonstrated significant relationships between certain attributes, offering valuable information for wood quality assessment. The evaluation of nursery performance showcased significant variations in germination and survival percentages, seedling height, collar diameter, and leaflet measurements among different genotypes and between sites. Traits like seedling height and collar diameter displayed high heritability and significant genetic advance, suggesting their suitability for genotype selection. On the basis of principal component analysis of nursery traits, the 1st two principal components (PC’s) possessed Eigen value >1.0 explained 65.29 per cent of the total variance. Molecular characterization using SSR primers identified genetic diversity among the walnut genotypes. 20 SSR primer pairs were used to assess genetic diversity among 52 walnut genotypes. Eighteen primers consistently amplified, yielded 43 distinct alleles, with 11 primers displayed 100 per cent polymorphism. The UPGMA dendrogram grouped the genotypes into two distinct clusters, providing insights into their genetic relationships. In conclusion, this comprehensive study provides a detailed assessment of genetic diversity in wild walnut populations in Himachal Pradesh. The multidimensional approach, incorporating morphological, wood characterization, nursery performance, and molecular marker analyses, offers valuable insights for the conservation and improvement of this economically important tree species. The findings serve as a foundation for further research in walnut breeding and genetic resource management.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STUDIES UNDER ULTRA-HIGH-DENSITY PLANTING IN GUAVA(UHF Nauni, 2024-07-24) DAVINDER; Rajesh KalerThe present investigations entitled "Integrated nutrient management studies under ultra-high-density planting in guava" were carried out during 2021-2023 at Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Jachh (Nurpur), District- Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. The present investigation revealed that maximum increase in plant height (35.07%), trunk diameter (12.96%), canopy spread E-W (29.26%), N-S (29.79%), and canopy volume (31.66 m3) and shoot length (151.13 cm) was observed with 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM and 25% N through vermicompost along with 100g of azotobacter and 100g of VAM. The physio-chemical parameters such as maximum fruit length (5.26 cm), fruit diameter (6.09 cm), fruit weight (155.48 g), fruit volume (153.13 cm3), total soluble solids (10.56oBrix), total sugars (7.05%), reducing sugars (4.01%), non-reducing sugars (2.89%), pectin content (1.23%), ascorbic acid (132.63 mg/100g) and total phenols (239.13 mg/100g) was reported with the same treatment. The yield parameters such as maximum number of fruits/plant (170.50) and yield/plant (26.53 kg) was observed with 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM and 25% N through vermicompost along with 100g of azotobacter and 100g of VAM and maximum yield efficiency (0.70 Kg/cm3 TCSA) was observed with 60% RDF + 20% N through FYM and 20% N through vermicompost along with 100g of azotobacter and 100g of VAM. The soil microbial properties significantly influence by the T12. INM has no significant effect on soil pH and EC. Further, the investigation also suggests the potential use of integrated nutrient management is an eco-friendly approach for the environment. However, study needs further validations prior to recommendations.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN STRAWBERRY (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-11) AKANKSHA SHARMA; Rajesh Kumar DograThe present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of yield and contributing traits in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2021-2023. The experimental material was comprised of F1 population of forty crosses, developed by crossing ten lines and four testers according to Line × Tester mating design. All the parents and their hybrids were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design for their comparative evaluation. The observations were recorded on plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, leaf area, number of runners per plant, days to runner formation after planting, flower size, petal size, number of stamens, days to flowering after planting, duration of flowering, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of sepals, number of achenes per fruit, days to maturity from flowering, number of fruits per plant, average berry weight, total yield, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, anthocyanin content and ascorbic acid. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Experimental results revealed that three lines viz., Nabila, Douglas and Royal Round and two testers viz., Camarosa and Sweet Charlie were found superior on the basis of their general combining ability studies. Four cross combinations viz., Nabila × Sweet Charlie, Nabila × Chandler, Royal Round × Camarosa and Meeherancher × Sweet Charlie were found best on the basis of mean performance, specific combining ability and heterosis studies. The components due to dominance (2 D) were higher in magnitude than additive (2 A) for all the traits under study except plant height, duration of flowering, average berry weight, total yield, total soluble solids and anthocyanin content indicated that the role of non-additive gene action was predominant. Hence, these parents and cross combinations can be used in further crop improvement programmes in strawberry.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON LOW CHILL APPLES (Malus × domestica Borkh.) IN SUB-MOUNTAIN ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-13) MEENA KUMARI; D P SharmaThe present investigations entitled “Studies on low chill apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) in sub-mountain zone of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out during 2017-2018 at Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur Districts of Himachal Pradesh. Apple cultivation in the warmer area of HP is slowly gaining popularity and this has an encouraging potential for the diversification of fruit cultivation in the lower areas. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made with the objectives to evaluate the existing low chilling apple plantations grown on seedling rootstock and to determine the status and potential of their cultivation in the lower hills of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the evaluation study cultivar Anna has been observed to be perform better in terms of tree height (3.32 m) AK, tree girth (21.38 cm) in AK2, tree volume (1.60m3) in AK1, yield (9.21kg/plant) in AK10, productivity (3.82t/ha) in AK10, whereas in terms of fruit length (69.80 mm), fruit weight (140.11 g) in AK8, fruit base cavity depth (1.89kg/cm3) in AH6 the best fruit shape and surface colour. Dorestt Golden had highest fruit setting in terms of selfing (26.94%) and in open pollination (54.36%), similarly, Dorsett Golden fruit also had maximum width (68.49 mm) in DH3, highest TSS (11.99°B) in DK1, titrable acidity (0.50%) in DK4 and non-reducing sugar (3.94 %) in DK10. However, Dorsett Golden a pollinizer also improved the yield of Anna cultivar. The cultivation of these cultivars will defiantly boost the apple orcharding for the upliftment of the farming community of lower foothills as the fruits of these cultivars fetches better price in the market due to its early harvesting. However, there is a need to educate farmers in all the aspects of training, pruning and orchard management practices for remunerative returns and longer life span of plantations.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON LOW CHILL APPLES (Malus × domestica Borkh.) IN SUB-MOUNTAIN ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-13) MEENA KUMARI; D P SharmaThe present investigations entitled “Studies on low chill apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) in sub-mountain zone of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out during 2017-2018 at Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur Districts of Himachal Pradesh. Apple cultivation in the warmer area of HP is slowly gaining popularity and this has an encouraging potential for the diversification of fruit cultivation in the lower areas. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made with the objectives to evaluate the existing low chilling apple plantations grown on seedling rootstock and to determine the status and potential of their cultivation in the lower hills of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the evaluation study cultivar Anna has been observed to be perform better in terms of tree height (3.32 m) AK, tree girth (21.38 cm) in AK2, tree volume (1.60m3) in AK1, yield (9.21kg/plant) in AK10, productivity (3.82t/ha) in AK10, whereas in terms of fruit length (69.80 mm), fruit weight (140.11 g) in AK8, fruit base cavity depth (1.89kg/cm3) in AH6 the best fruit shape and surface colour. Dorestt Golden had highest fruit setting in terms of selfing (26.94%) and in open pollination (54.36%), similarly, Dorsett Golden fruit also had maximum width (68.49 mm) in DH3, highest TSS (11.99°B) in DK1, titrable acidity (0.50%) in DK4 and non-reducing sugar (3.94 %) in DK10. However, Dorsett Golden a pollinizer also improved the yield of Anna cultivar. The cultivation of these cultivars will defiantly boost the apple orcharding for the upliftment of the farming community of lower foothills as the fruits of these cultivars fetches better price in the market due to its early harvesting. However, there is a need to educate farmers in all the aspects of training, pruning and orchard management practices for remunerative returns and longer life span of plantations.ThesisItem Open Access IN VIVO MUTAGENESIS IN APPLE (Malus × domestica Borkh.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-13) SARITA; Rajesh Kumar DograThe present investigation entitled “in vivo mutagenesis in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2021-2023. The experimental material was comprised of scion budsticks irradiated with different doses of gamma rays of two apple varieties namely Scarlet Spur II and Early Red One. The scion budsticks of both the varieties were irradiated with gamma rays (2.0 kR, 3.5 kR, 5.0 kR and 6.5 kR) and grafted onto M9 rootstock for raising M1V1 generation in the year 2022. The desired variants selected from M1V1 were grafted further onto M9 rootstock to raise M1V2 generation in the year 2023. The saplings of M1V1 generation not exhibiting any morphological variation were subjected to re-irradiation with the same respective doses as given in the previous year for raising M2V1 generation in the year 2023. The probit analysis for gamma rays indicated that the LD50 value based on survival per cent over control was determined as 4.62 kR and 4.65 kR, respectively in M1V1 generation and 4.66 kR and 4.54 kR, respectively in M2V1 generation for Scarlet Spur II and Early Red One. The observations were recorded on survival percentage, lethality percentage, plant vigor, plant type, plant habit, sapling diameter, length of internode, shoot colour, shoot pubescence, leaf blade attitude in relation to shoot, length of leaf blade, width of leaf blade, leaf blade ratio, intensity of green colour of leaf blade, leaf blade pubescence on lower side, leaf blade incisions of margins, petiole length, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf apex shape, leaf base shape, colour of young leaf, chlorophyll content, fresh weight of leaf, dry weight of leaf, mutation frequency and mutation effectiveness. The molecular analysis of the identified variants was carried out using CBDP and SCoT markers. Experimental results revealed that single dose irradiation of gamma rays has significantly influenced the plant vigor, length of internode, shoot colour, leaf dimensions, number of leaves, leaf area, petiole length, chlorophyll content, fresh weight and dry weight of leaves and mutation frequency. The repeated irradiation of gamma rays has also significantly affected all these characteristics. On the basis of DUS guidelines, 27 potential variants were identified in Scarlet Spur II and Early Red One varieties from M1V1, M1V2 and M2V1 generation and molecular analysis of these identified variants revealed that eight variants were genetically different from control plants.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIFFERENT TRAINING AND PRUNING INNOVATION IN POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum) CV. BHAGWA(UHF Nauni, 2024-11-06) ASHA THAKUR; Som Dev SharmaDuring the present investigation, four experiments on “Studies on different training and pruning innovation in pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Bhagwa” were carried out at three locations during the academic year 2021-23. In the first experiment, the effect of summer pruning timing, intensities and their interaction on vegetative, yield and quality of pomegranate cultivar Bhagwa was carried out at Farmer’s Field (Kehdru), Hamirpur (H.P.). Five pruning treatments were given: (T1 (¼ heading back), T2 (⅓ heading back), T3 (½ heading back), T4 ( heading back), T5 (control-no heading back) at three times, i.e. second fortnight of May, second fortnight of June and second fortnight of July. Among summer pruning timings, second fortnight of May resulted best in terms of vegetative, yield and fruit quality characteristics. Whereas, the severest pruning treatment ( heading back) was found best results in terms of vegetative characteristics and moderate pruning treatment (½ heading back) produced highest yield and best fruit quality. The second experiment was to study the effect of four different root pruning intensities (light-60 cm away from trunk, medium-45 cm away from trunk, severe-30 cm away from trunk and control) on pomegranate cultivar Bhagwa was conducted at experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.). The best results in terms of highest root growth and lowest vegetative growth were produced by the severest root pruning treatment, while the fruit yield, fruit size and fruit weight were produced maximum in light root pruned plants, the fruit quality and physiological activity were found maximum in moderate root pruning treatment. Third experiment was to study the effect of training angles (45⁰, 60⁰, 75⁰ and 90⁰) on vegetative and physiological characters of pomegranate cultivar Bhagwa was conducted at experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.). The stem angle 45⁰ resulted best in terms of vegetative growth reduction and increased physiological activity. The fourth experiment was to study the effect of different pruning intensities, viz., T1-10 cm, T2-15 cm, T3-20 cm, T4-25 cm and T5-control, on pomegranate plants was conducted at Regional Horticulture and Forest Research Station Bhota, Hamirpur (H.P.). The severe pruning treatment produced the best results in terms of vegetative growth and fruit quality characteristics, whereas moderate pruning treatment recorded highest yield.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON HORMONAL REGULATION OF GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF PERSIMMON (Diospyros kaki L.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-04-02) NEHA THAKUR; Dharam Paul SharmaThe present study entitled “Studies on hormonal regulation of growth, yield and fruit quality of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.)” was carried out in the experimental block of the Department of Fruit Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni - Solan (Himachal Pradesh) during the year 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design consisting of thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The plant bio-regulators and bio-stimulant were applied at 6 weeks before full bloom, 1 week before full bloom, and 30 days after full bloom. The plant bio-regulators and bio-stimulant treatments were T1: GA3 20 ppm, T2: GA3 40 ppm, T3: GA3 60 ppm, T4: Benzyladenine 20 ppm, T5: Benzyladenine 40 ppm, T6: Benzyladenine 60 ppm, T7: Brassinosteroid 0.1 ppm, T8: Brassinosteroid 0.01 ppm, T9: Brassinosteroid 0.001 ppm, T10: Bio-stimulant 1 mL/L, T11: Bio-stimulant 2 mL/L, T12: Bio-stimulant 3 mL/L, and T13: Control (water spray). The results from the present investigation revealed that plant bio-regulators and bio-stimulant significantly influenced plant growth, yield, fruit quality, and leaf hormone content at different phenological stages of persimmon cv. Hachiya. Among various treatments significantly better fruit quality attributes namely, fruit weight, yield, ascorbic acid content, TSS, total sugars, non-reducing sugars along with photosynthesis rate were recorded with the foliar application of 40 ppm GA3 (T2). Application of 60 ppm BA (T6) had the most significant influence on annual shoot extension, fruit size, volume, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. All the treatments also had a positive influence on the leaf hormone content of persimmon at different phenological stages with treatments T3 (60 ppm GA3), T6 (60 ppm BA), and T7 (0.1 ppm brassinosteroid) performing better than others.
