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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access COMBINING ABILITY AND GENE ACTION IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-12-29) AMAN DEEP RANGA; AMIT VIKRAMABSTRACT The present investigation titled, “Combining ability and gene action in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India during Kharif of 2021 and 2022 to study the mean performance, heterosis, combining ability effects, and nature and magnitude of gene action for yield and quality traits in okra. The experimental material used in the present study comprised of thirteen diverse okra genotypes, which were crossed in Line × Tester mating design during Kharif, 2021 to obtain thirty cross combinations. The thirty F1 crosses along with thirteen parental genotypes and one check Punjab-8 were evaluated in RCBD with three replications during Kharif, 2022. The observations were recorded on days to 50 per cent flowering, first flowering node, plant height, inter-nodal length, number of primary branches per plant, pod length, pod diameter, number of ridges per pod, number of pods per plant, average tender pod weight, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare, days to first picking, harvest duration, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, pod colour at maturity, average tender pod dry weight, total sugar content in tender pod, total polyphenol content in tender pod, total protein content in tender pod, total nitrogen content in tender pod and mucilage content in tender pod. The analysis revealed that all the genotypes possessed wide spectrum of variability and showed significant differences for parents and hybrids for the traits under studied. UHFO-6 (307.77 g), Hisar Unnat (232.65 g) and UHFO-14 (200.12 g) among parents and cross combinations viz. UHFO-6 × Pusa Bhindi-5 (323.94 g) , UHFO-6 × Arka Anamika (321.74 g) and UHFO-2 × Pusa Bhindi-5 (256.26 g) performed best for pod yield per plant. The top five hybrid combinations for pod yield per plant showing significant positive heterosis over standard check were UHFO-6 × Pusa Bhindi-5 (129.29 %) UHFO-6 × Arka Anamika (127.73 %), UHFO-6 × Hisar Unnat (107.45 %), UHFO-2 Pusa Bhindi-5 (81.38 %) and UHFO-2 × Arka Anamika (73.53 %). The parental genotypes; UHFO-6 (123.47) and UHFO-9 (7.49)) were superior based on their general combining ability effects. The crosses UHFO-2 × Pusa Bhindi-5 (38.29) and UHFO-10 × Hisar Unnat (38.81) were good specific combiners for pod yield per plant. The non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of the majority of the characters. Inter-nodal length (54.62 %) contributed maximum in lines, number of pods per plant (43.94 %) contributed maximum in testers and average tender pod weight (80.63 %) contributed maximum in the line × tester interaction. During kharif 2022, both parents along with each of F1, F2, B1 and B2 were evaluated to study the inheritance of pod colour ok okra. The Chi-square analysis for pod colour revealed that they are predominantly controlled by additive gene action with epistatic effect. The pattern of inheritance for pod colour traits was governed by a single pair of gene as all the F2 crosses showed a monogenic 3:1 ratio.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND SHOOT BENDING ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF PLUM (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. BLACK AMBER(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-10-21) ANSHUL SHYAM; DHARAM PAL SHARMAAbstract The present study entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management and shoot bending on growth and fruiting of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. Black Amber” was conducted at farmer’s orchard in Village Mangsu, Distt. Shimla (H.P.) during 2021 and 2022. The study was conducted in 2 experiments. The experiment-I on integrated nutrient management consisted of 11 treatments with 4 replications in randomized block design (RBD). The chemical fertilizer (NPK) were applied at 4 levels of the recommended doses of fertilizers i.e. 100%, 80%, 70%, and 80%, as per package of practices of the University. Farmyard manure and vermicompost were applied to compensate the 10% and 20% recommended dose of nitrogen. Microbial inoculants were biofertilizer (Azotobacter and PSB) and jeevamrit. The treatment T6 (70 % RDF + 10 % RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizer) recorded the highest annual shoot growth, fruit set, fruit yield, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, fruit firmness, soil organic carbon, water holding capacity, soil porosity, soil Azotobacter count, soil dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity. Whereas, treatment T7 (70 % RDF + 10 % RDN through vermicompost + jeevamrit) recorded the maximum percent increase in tree volume, leaf chlorophyll content and fruit quality attributes namely. fruit weight, fruit size, TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars content. All the treatments maintained the leaf nutrient status in optimum range during the study. The results of present investigation reveal the improved tree growth and productivity with lowering the fertilizer use in the orchard. The experiment-II consisted of 3 bending angle (45°, 60° and 90°) and 6 heading back treatments (25% head back, no head back, 50% head back, April pinching, May pinching and June pinching) with 3 replications in factorial RBD design. The fruiting and yield were significantly increased with increase in bending angle 90°>60°>45°, especially during the early years of plantation. The reduction in lateral growth was recorded in bent shoots due to reduction in annual growth increment. The integration of modern training and integrated nutrient management techniques in the plum orchard can help in maintaining the tree vigour and improve fruit quality.ThesisItem Open Access CONCENTRATION OF BEETROOT JUICE AND ITS VALUE ADDITION(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-12-26) KANCHAN BHATT; RAKESH SHARMAABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Concentration of beetroot juice and its value addition” was conducted during 2019-2023 in the department of Food Science and Technology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The aim of this study was to prepare quality beetroot juice concentrate, followed by its utilization for the development of various value added products. Beetroot, a remarkable root vegetable, contains an array of bioactive compounds such as betalains, total phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, carotenoids, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, and various essential micronutrients. In this study beetroot (3-5cm diameter) were selected due to their maximum juice yield and availability and subjected to various physico-chemical analysis. Thereafter, various pre-treatments were tried for enhancement of juice yield and among them steam blanching with acidified water for 3 min was optimized. In order to increase the juice yield from beetroot, different combinations of pectinase, cellulase, time and temperature were laid by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for enzymatic extraction of beetroot juice. The optimized conditions for enzymatic extraction were pectinase (4.5%), cellulase (1.6%), time of treatment 240 min and temperature 35˚ C. The extracted juice was then used for preparation of beetroot juice concentrate. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize various combinations of temperature and concentration in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The prepared beetroot juice concentrate (30 ºC and 65.12ºB) was found to have maximum total phenolic content and antioxidant activity as 1025.27±2.14 mg GAE/100g and 887.23±1.10 μM Fe2+/100 g, respectively. Further, it was also found to have maximum total betalains (4513.13mg/L) and overall acceptability scores (8.34). The optimized concentrate was then placed in transparent and amber glass vials and subjected to analysis of different chemical and sensory attributes throughout the storage period. Despite undergoing minor changes in quality characteristics, the concentrates proved to be stable and retained their quality during the 6-month storage period in both ambient and refrigerated storage conditions. Beetroot juice concentrate was further utilized for the functional improvement of various food products i.e. beverages like apple beet-blended drink, beetroot juice concentrate supplemented guava-nectar, bakery product like beetroot juice concentrate supplemented muffins and dairy product like beetroot juice concentrate supplemented yoghurt. The developed products were packed and kept for storage for predefined storage intervals in suitable packaging materials. Additionally, these products exhibited superior taste, palatability, and both functional and nutritive value. Moreover, both beverages retained their acceptable quality and could be stored for three months in glass and PET bottles at both ambient and refrigerated temperatures. Similarly, muffins and yoghurt were also found acceptable for fourteen days of ambient and refrigerated storage respectively. The cost of production of all products was comparable to the cost of similar products in the market. As a result, it is suggested that beetroot, which has limited availability and higher prices, can be effectively utilized to produce juice concentrate on a commercial scale. This concentrate can then be made accessible to the ancillary food industry for use in various streams of value added products, providing nutritional benefits, natural coloring, and enrichment.ThesisItem Open Access CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR FOR AYURVEDIC OVER THE COUNTER MEDICINES IN THE STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-12-23) MONICA NEGI; KAPIL KATHURIAABSTRACT A trend can be seen amongst the consumers who have started shifting more towards healthy consumption. Over the period of time, we see the most of them have started expressing positive opinion towards Ayurvedic OTC products. Yet, in the case of medicines the Ayurvedic medicines are yet to make a strong position. Hence, the consumption & use of Ayurvedic over the counter (OTC) medicines merits an investigation. The aim of the study is to manifest consumer behaviour and segment the market of Ayurvedic OTC medicines among the consumers of Himachal Pradesh. Decisions making process with focus on roles and influence strategies, with regard to Ayurvedic OTC medicines was also a subject of research. The study was descriptive in nature. The reasons influencing the purchases and use of these medicines were studied. For this research a well-structured questionnaire was made where closed ended questions were asked. Factor analysis and Cluster analysis were used on the primary data obtained to understand manifest the consumer behaviour and further segment the markets accordingly. Through factor analysis six factors and five clusters were found which were named according to the behaviour they exhibited. The six factors found were named as frequency of purchase, professional advice, social influences, objects and outlets, quantity purchased, brands & objectives. The effort was to relate the purchase and consumption to relevant demographic variables and define the five segments found. Furthermore, these five segments are were named as Conservative time Starred, Allopathic inclined private employees Himalaya patrons, Ayurvedic inclined Allergy sensitives, Independent Himalaya Patrons consuming Vitamins and Patanjali patrons cream consuming administrative people.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF PROTECTED CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND AGRI-ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MID HILL ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-12-20) NIYATI THAKUR; RAVINDER SHARMAABSTRACT The study on “Impact of Protected Cultivation Technology on Vegetable Production and Agri-Entrepreneurship in Mid Hill Zone of Himachal Pradesh” was examined during 2022-23. Mixed sampling design was used to select the respondents from Mandi and Solan districts of mid hill zone of HP to select a sample of 240 growers. The selected farmers were classified as marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-4 ha). The polyhouses were categorized as small (upto 250 m2), medium (251-500 m2) and large (501-1000 m2) polyhouses. Both primary and secondary data were collected and utilised for the study. Statistical tools, economic analysis using CACP concepts, break even analysis, propensity score matching, regression adjustment model, entrepreneurial behavior index, Kendall’s tau correlation, regression model, Garrett’s ranking, chi square and response priority index were employed in the study. Socio – economic analysis of the both protected and open vegetable growers revealed that not much significant difference was there. An average family size of about 5 members with a literacy rate of about 90 per cent was found. The dependency ratio for both protected and open cultivation ranged between 0.2 -0.25. In protected cultivation, the cultivated land accounted for 79.30 per cent of total land holdings and out of this, 36.65 per cent area was under vegetable crops. Whereas, in open cultivation, the cultivated land accounted for 77.47 per cent of total land holdings and out of this, 43.07 per cent area was under vegetable crops. Cropping intensity of 200 and 190.11 per cent was observed in protected and open vegetable cultivation respectively. For 1000 m2, it was found that the cost of cultivation was higher under protected conditions (Rs. 49595.76) than open conditions (Rs. 13588.64). The break-even point under protected conditions was Rs. 34129.81 which was higher than open cultivation (Rs. 2202.24). The percent margin of safety under protected conditions was 21.26 per cent whereas, it was 5.76 per cent in open conditions. The cost of cultivation of capsicum was higher under protected conditions (Rs. 48352.78) than open conditions (Rs. 12294.52). The break-even point under protected conditions was Rs. 33872.49 which was higher than open cultivation (Rs. 2276.71). The percent margin of safety under protected conditions was 21.22 per cent whereas, it was 5.18 per cent in open. The impact assessment done by PSM and RAM showed that protected cultivation was economical in terms of income (Rs.65,381 – 76,925) and employment generated (16.20 - 17.33 mandays) than open cultivation. The composite index entrepreneurial behavior index was found to be 74.58 using nine dimension of entrepreneurial behavior. The EBI and factors affecting it were also estimated and it was found that income, experience, area and extension contacts were the main significant factors. Major problems in the protected cultivation of vegetable crops in the area were distant markets, lack of knowledge about post harvest technologies and unavailability of healthy plant material based on response priority index done based on responses recorded.ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATIONS ON PEACH YELLOW LEAF ROLL (PYLR) PHYTOPLASMA IN PRUNUS PERSICA L. BATSCH(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-11-21) SHIVANI GUPTA; ANIL HANDAABSTRACT Peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, a member of Rosaceae family is highly remunerative fruit crop. However, infection ofinfection roll (PYLR) phytoplasma causes huge yield losses and continues to impact its production in sub-tropical areas of Himachal Pradesh. Extensive surveys were conducted during 3 cropping season 2020, 2021 and 2022 in 50 orchards located in Solan and Sirmour districts of Himachal Pradesh. The surveys revealed the prevalence of typical characteristic symptoms consisting of diffused chlorosis followed by yellowing, downward rolling, red spotting, reddening, enlarged swollen midrib and lateral veins giving a tattered and tuft appearance. Based on these symptoms, maximum incidence of 86.66 per cent was recorded at Bhat Ka Siana in Sirmour district and 12 per cent at Experimental Farm of Fruit Science, Dr YSP UHF, Nauni in Solan district where as minimum incidence was recorded at Karyut with 0.66 per cent and Dharo Ki Dhar with 2.50 per cent in both the districts, respectively. On the contrary, orchards located at Sanora, Nerikotli, Gaura, Jatoli, Deothi, Matnali (Orchard no. 3), Kulath (Orchard no. 2) and Phagu (Orchard no. 1 and 3) were completely free from the disease as none of the peach plantations exhibited typical symptoms of PYLR phytoplasma. Susceptible peach cultivars namely July Elberta, Redhaven, Sunhaven and Giant Elberta were examined through histological detection by DAPI based fluorescent microscopy and revealed the presence of distinctive bluish white phytoplasma fluorescence in phloem sieve tube elements indicating the association of phytoplasma. Biological indexing of peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) phytoplasma was carried out by dodder and two budding techniques (chip- budding and T- budding). Transmission of PYLR phytoplasma using Cuscuta reflexa was unable to form strong dodder bridge whereas 80 per cent transmission rate was recorded in chip- budding compared to T- budding (40 per cent) and chip- budding was therefore observed to be the best method for early detection of peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) phytoplasma. Host range of peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) phytoplasma was determined in commercial stone fruits on the basis of symptoms development and using fluorescent microscopy. Almond cultivars namely Nonpareil and Drake tested positive besides peach cvs. July Elberta, Redhaven, Sunhaven and Giant Elberta. On the basis of histological and molecular identification, Prunus domestica, Toona ciliata, Erigeron annus and Ageratum conyzoides were found to act as potential alternate/reservoir hosts of peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) phytoplasma. Molecular characterization of peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) phytoplasma was done using nested PCR assay yielding an amplicons of ̴221 bp and amplified PCR product was subjected for sequencing. The obtained 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence was submitted to NCBI Gene Bank database and accession no OQ200125 was granted. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 100 per cent similarity with Chinese strain (Phragmites australis witches’-broom phytoplasma strain SHZPA1). Subsequently, eleven peach cultivars growing at Nauni area were subjected to germplasm screening in which two peach cultivars namely Redhaven and July Elberta were found susceptible for peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) phytoplasmaThesisItem Open Access EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MANURES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND OIL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF LEMON GRASS UNDER WILD POMEGRANATE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-12-02) MITALI MEHTA; K S PANTABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effects of organic manures on growth, yield and oil quality parameters of lemon grass under wild pomegranate based agroforestry system” was conducted during 2021-2022 at the experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The study aimed to ascertain the effect of planting conditions and organic manures on growth, yield and quality parameters of lemongrass, soil physico-chemical properties and bio-economics of the system. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design comprising of two planting conditions (wild pomegranate-based agroforestry system and open condition) under which lemongrass was grown and applied with 10 treatments viz., T1: Recommended dose of nitrogen, T2: FYM (on nitrogen equivalent ratio basis), T3: Vermicompost (on nitrogen equivalent ratio basis), T4: Goat manure (on nitrogen equivalent ratio basis), T5: Jeevamrut @ 500 l/ha (5 %), T6: FYM and RDN on 50:50 equivalence basis, T7: Vermicompost and RDN on 50:50 equivalence basis, T8: Goat manure and RDN on 50:50 equivalence basis, T9: Jeevamrut and RDN on 50:50 equivalence basis, T10: Control. The results revealed that growth, yield and quality parameters of lemongrass were better under open condition compared to agroforestry system. Among different nutrient sources, treatment T8 (50 % goat manure + 50 % RDN) resulted in higher plant height, number of tillers per plant, plant spread, fresh & dry herb yield, oil yield, Citral a and Citral b content, showing superiority of integrated nutrient management in increasing growth and quality parameters over sole application of organic manures or inorganic fertilizers. The physical and chemical properties of soil i.e., soil moisture (%), electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available N, P and K were higher in T4 (goat manure) under wild pomegranate-based agroforestry system compared to sole cropping. Whereas, net return (Rs 173935.93 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.25) was recorded maximum in integrated nutrient treatment i.e., T8 (50 % goat manure + 50 % RDN) under agroforestry system than in open condition. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that integration of inorganic fertilizers with organic manures in agroforestry system can be used with optimum rates to improve crop productivity on sustainable basis. SignatureThesisItem Open Access GERMPLASM CHARACTERIZATION, IDENTIFICATION AND IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ELITE GENOTYPES OF Saussurea costus (FALC.) LIPSCH - AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL HERB(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-12-16) KAMAL THAKUR; RAJNISH SHARMAABSTRACT Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch (Asteraceae), commonly known as kuth is a perennial, medicinally important endangered medicinal herb of the Indian Himalayan region. The roots are known for their abundant metabolic compounds with medicinal attributes, rendering them highly valuable for numerous therapeutic applications. Its natural propagation through seeds is slow, taking 3-4 years for a plant to grow and mature. Due to the high demands of roots, overexploitation and illiterate harvesting has become a major concern for its endangered status in the Himalayan region. Therefore, biotechnological approaches may be beneficial for conserving, restoring and sustainable production of secondary metabolites in this herb to a greater extent. In the present investigation, the EST-SSRs related to the bioactive compounds biosynthesis were developed from the root trancriptome data of S. costus and subsequently subjected to determine genetic diversity and population structure. Molecular markers analysis classified S. costus genotypes into two major groups i.e., cluster A (≥ 2500 m amsl) and cluster B (<2500 m amsl) according to their respective elevations. Due to the restricted gene flow and ability to adapt to their local environment, the population genetic structure showed the admixture of two genetic pools among the S. costus genotypes procured from Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The biochemical composition of two diversified locations was further evaluated using leaf and root tissues of S. costus with different solvents (methanol, ethanol and ethylacetate) and found that the methanolic root extract from higher elevation exhibited maximum accumulation of compounds qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, cell suspension culture technique also revealed the maximum biomass accumulation and costunolide production in in vitro root induced calli. From the cell suspension culture and its potential to produce costunolide in vitro, it was concluded that suspension culture could be a suitable alternate to meet its market demand by overcoming unrestricted trading, relentless harvesting, and reckless management of this valuable endangered medicinal plant.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF CARNATION (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZATION MODULES(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-11-29) RACHEL VANLALHRUAII; S R DHIMANABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Evaluation of different genotypes of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in response to organic and inorganic fertilization modules” was carried out at the experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P) during 2020-2022 under polyhouse with the objectives to find out the possibility of organic cultivation of carnation and to identify suitable genotype(s) for organic and inorganic cultivation. The experiment comprised of fourteen genotypes of carnation and two treatments: inorganic fertilization module (Recommended Dose of Fertilizers) and organic fertilization module (Jeevamrit @ 20 ml/plant as drenching at 30 days interval). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The results revealed that carnations performed well in both the fertilization modules, the organic fertilization module however performed better in multiple characteristics, including stem thickness (5.75 cm), lesser number of days taken for bud formation (149.14 days), bud width (19.61 mm), number of flowers per plant and per square metre (5.55 cut flowers per plant and 133.20 cut flowers per m2), lesser number of days taken for harvesting of cut stem (179.43 days), longer duration of flowering (72.20 days) and profitability. Even though, quality parameters such as stem length and stem sturdiness were non-significant, yield showed significant results. The organic fertilization module increased the bacterial count at 107 dilution from the initial value of 97.67 cfu g-1 to 122.33 cfu g-1. The actinomycetes count at 102 dilution also increased from the initial value of 37.67 cfu g-1 to 57.67 cfu g-1. The initial fungal count at 102 dilution was 26.33 cfu g-1 which increased to 28.33 cfu g-1. This suggests that organic fertilization module (jeevamrit @ 20 ml/plant as drenching at 30 days interval) can act as an alternative for chemical fertilizers in consideration to the low input cost along with improving soil health and have the potential to contribute to better financial outcomes. It can also be concluded that among the different genotypes tested, ‘Bizet’ performed best under organic fertilization module with highest b:c ratio of 2.38. However, under inorganic fertilization module, ‘Bizet’ and ‘Raggio-de-Sole’ (b:c ratio of 2.02) performed better over the rest of the genotypes.