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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY IN WILD POPULATIONS OF Moringa oleifera Lam. (DRUMSTICK TREE) IN NORTH-WEST INDIA(UHF Nauni, 2022-05-12) MOHIT KUNDAL; Atul GuptaThe present study entitled “Genetic diversity in wild populations of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick tree) in north-west India” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources of Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2020-23. This investigation was conducted in seven locations in four states/UTs, viz., Samba (Jammu and Kashmir), Dunera (Punjab), Vikasnagar (Uttarakhand), Lamlehri (Himachal Pradesh), Tirla (Himachal Pradesh), Siswa Dam (Punjab) and Morni Hills (Haryana) ranging from 351-549 amsl. Four major experiments were conducted, viz., survey and selection of wild genotypes, morphological variation in selected half-sib progenies, identifying best progenies having superior nutritive values and genetic diversity of mother trees using SSR markers. The mother trees varied significantly in qualitative, morphological, nutritive and molecular levels. Progeny P35 showed highest values for plant height and fresh shoot weight, P7 for number of leaves, total amino acids, N, S and Zn, P30 for leaf area and fresh shoot weight, P19 for ether extract, P3 for crude fiber, P22 for ash content, P and Mn, P34 for collar diameter and nitrogen free extract, P29 for K, P20 for Ca, P16 for Mg, P18 for Fe and P14 for Cu content. High heritability pooled with high genetic gain was observed for germination percentage; plant height and total fresh biomass, ether extract, crude fiber, P, Zn, S, Fe and Mn. Correlation coefficients, path coefficient and principle component analysis exhibited high variability among progenies. Genetic diversity of mother trees was assessed using SSR markers. Sixteen out of 20 SSR markers gave amplification of which all 16 markers gave polymorphism. On average, 3.75 alleles/per SSR were amplified in each mother tree. The overall similarity coefficient was 0.82 where M1 and M3 were distantly related.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ETHEPHON APPLICATION ON SEX REGULATION, GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES IN BITTER GOURD(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-03-24) SHIVANI SHARMA; Dr. Manish KumarThe present investigations entitled “Effect of ethephon application on sex regulation, growth, seed yield and quality attributes in bitter gourd” were carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during the year2022 and 2023 using bitter gourd cv. Solan Hara. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design with one additional treatment for both field and laboratory conditions having three replications each. Various ethephon concentrations (50 ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm, 300ppm) were applied at three stages(4 True leaf stage, 4 True leaf stage + 15 days after first spray, 4 True leaf stage + 15 days after first spray + 15 days after second spray) with one additional treatment (standard practice: no ethephon application).The results revealed that between factorial treatment (treatment combinations) and non-factorial treatment (additional treatment), factorial treatment were found superior. Among treatment combinations, ethephon application @ 300ppm at 4 true leaf stage + 15 days after first spray + 15 days after second spray results in higher node bearing first male flower (number), lower node bearing first female flower (number), minimum internodal length (cm), maximum days to first male flower, minimum days to first female flower, minimum number of male flowers, maximum number of female flowers, narrower sex ratio, maximum number of fruits per plant, total number of seeds per fruit, fruit length at the time of seed maturity (cm), fruit weight at the time of seed maturity (g), minimum days to fruit ripening, maximum seed yield (g) per plant, (g) per plot, (q) per hectare, maximum 100 seed weight (g), germination percentage, seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index- I, seedling vigour index-II. Therefore, this treatment combination can be recommended for inducing femaleness as well as quality seed production of bitter gourd cv. Solan Hara in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access Biology and eco – friendly management of tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner., (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in low hills of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2022-10-18) Sharma, Vyomika; Rana, Virender KumarThe present investigation entitled “Biology and eco – friendly management of tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner., (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in low hills of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out in the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri (Hamirpur), Himachal Pradesh. Experiments were conducted to understand and collect data on biology and eco friendly management of tomato fruit borer using different insecticides and bio - pesticides. The study of the biology revealed that there were six larval instars incase of tomato fruit borer having total larval period of 17- 25 days. Cannibalism was seen from 2nd instar. Males were observed as being greenish grey in colour, while females were described as being light brown with tuft of hairs on the tip of abdomen. Out of the six insecticides and bio-pesticides which were evaluated against tomato fruit borer, spinosad 45 EC were proved best against tomato fruit borer with lowest mean larval count 3.29. Maximum larval count was seen in the agni astra treatment 13.75. Maximum mean yield was seen in spinosad 24.94 kg/plot. All the treatments proved significantly superior to the control.ThesisItem Open Access “Survey and Surveillance of emerging pests of litchi and their natural enemies”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2022-12-27) Thakur, Karan; Rana, Virender KumarThe present studies entitled “Survey and Surveillance of emerging pests of litchi and their natural enemies” were undertaken during 2021-22 in different litchi growing areas of two districts (Kangra and Hamirpur) at Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station (RHRTS) Jachh (Nurpur), Kangra, Litchi and Mango Research Station (LMRS) Nagrota Bagwan, Kangra and Regional Horticultural and Forestry Research Station, Bhota, Hamirpur. During the Survey and Surveillance 10 insect species viz., Leaf roller (Argyroploce leucaspis), Fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis), Looper (P. illepidaria Guenee), Ash weevil (Myllocerus undecimpustulatus), Bark eating caterpillar (Indarbela sp.), Litchi mite (Aceria litchi), Rice earhead bug (Leptocorisa acuta Thun.), Pentatomid bug (Plautia crossota), Mango hopper (Amritodus atkinsoni), Sap beetle (Glischrochilus quadrisignatus) and Natural enemies viz., 6 different species of Spiders, Mantid lacewing, Ladybird beetle and Hunter fly was observed at Kangra and Hamirpur districts. During the study, maximum infestation of Leaf roller (29.9%), maximum infestation of Looper (6.4%), maximum population of Rice earhead bug (15.5 adult), maximum population of Pentatomid bug (24.1 adult), maximum population of Sap beetle (7.3 adult), maximum infestation of Litchi mite (30.6%), maximum infestation of Fruit borer (42.66%), maximum population of Mango hopper (13.2 adult), maximum infestation of Ash weevil (15.9%), maximum infestation of Bark eating caterpillar (82.75%) was recorded at Kangra and Hamirpur district around the year.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on preparation and preservation of value-added products from specialty mushrooms(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2022-12-08) Sood, Aayush; Verma, Anil KumarThe suitability of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and Lenlinulla edodes (Shiitake mushroom) type' of mushrooms were evaluated for preparation of value-added products like instant soup mix and cookies. Mean weight in both types of mushroom ranged between 24.73-36.70 g with highest weight recorded in Leminulla edode . The mushrooms were regarded as rich source of bio active substances as they contained substantial proportion of Crude fiber (8.07- 15.78%), Crude fat (0.26-0.38%), Crude protein (1.81-2.9 1%) and tota l phenol 45. 5-59.59 mg GAE/100g) besides 10.22- 12.41 % total solids, 3.71-15.46 mg/100g ascorbic acid and 1.4 -1.67 % ash content. The stalk length and stalk diameter of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes ranged from 3.22-5.26 cm and 0.9- l .3 cm, respectively. Prior to drying, the suitability of different pretreatment of citric acid was also evaluated. Drying time, drying rate and dehydration rat io was reduced whereas, on the other hand increase in concentration of citric acid caused reduction in powder y ield. With respect to drying characteristics and physicochemical characteristics, 2 % citric acid pretreatment of mushrooms was found to be most appropriate. The powder obtained from Lentinula edodes mushrooms contained 7.43- 6. 16 % ash content 7.07-6.48 pH, 1.98-2 .35 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 12.33 -12.58 mg GAE/g, 345.33-345.75 Kcal/100 g energy value, 9.36-8.64 % crude fiber,0.77-0.98% Reducing sugars, 3.88-4.08 % total sugars while Pleurotrus ostreatus mushroom powder contained 7.57 -6.27 % ash content, 6.97-6.77pH, 2.33-2 .66 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 9.47-9.68 mg GAE/g total phenol, 313.23-313.27 Kcal/ 100g energy value, 6.55-5.66 % crude fiber, 3.35-3.81% reducing sugar, 5.08-5.67% total sugars. Incorporation of 20 per cent mushroom powder in instant soup mix has been found most acceptable on basis of organoleptic attributes. Whereas, 10% mushroom powder incorporation for preparation of cookies have been rated best. Storage of both instant soup mix and cookies at refrigerated temperature (2-4°C) upto 120 days and 90 days respectively was found most appropriate. The Crude fiber content in instant soup mixes and cookies prepared from Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus types of mushrooms increased with an increase in mushroom powder proportions. Among different recipes used for preparation of instant soup mixes from powder obtained from Pleurotus ostreatus, the crude fiber content was minimum (1.63%) in Recipe (R-1) and maximum(2.92%) with Recipe (R-IV) whereas , in case of Lentinulla edodes, the crude fiber ranged between 1.63-3.05 per cent. The cost of production for preparation of mushroom instant soup mix and cookies after adding 20 percent profit margin were found to be Rs.63/10g, Rs 60/10g Rs and 200/100g and 170/ 100g respectively for Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes. Thus, both Lentinulla edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms can be successfully utilized for developing dried mushroom powder and further their utility in value added products.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Alternaria fruit spot disease of pomegranate caused by ALternaria Sp.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-10-31) Suyasha; Jarial, KumudThe present investigation entitled “Studies on Alternaria fruit spot disease of pomegranate caused by ALternaria Sp.’’ was undertaken to record cultural, epidemiological aspects of the pathogen and management of the disease. The pathogen was isolated, purified and identified as Alternaria alternate under ITCC No. 11703.22. Pathogenicity of the isolated pathogen was proved by two methods, in spore suspension method the symptoms appeared in 168 h while, in incision method, symptoms appeared in 72 h. Out of six nutrient media tested, potato dextrose agar was found to the best medium for growth of A. Alternate. Temperature of 250 c and PH 6.5 was found to be optimum for the growth of pathogen. A temperature ranging from 30-350 c and relative humidity more than 89.9 per cent was found to be optimum for symptom development under artificial inoculation conditions. Azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, myclobutanil and tricyclazole resulted in cent per cent inhibition of the pathogen while, Azadirachta sp. Leaf extract inhibited the pathogen up to 51.11 per cent under in vitro conditions. Myclobutanil was found to be most effective fungicide both in pre as well as post inoculation spray treatments resulting, in maximum incubation period (240.67 and 154.00 h, respectively) and minimum disease severity (9.00 and 10,00%, respectively).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in pomegranate(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-10-31) Behera, Sonali; Jarial, KumudThe present investigation entitled “Studies on Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in pomegranate” was undertaken to study the cultural and epidemiological aspects of the pathogen and management of the disease. Anthracnose disease of pomegranate was isolated, purified and identified as Colletotrichum acutatum. Pathogenicity was proved by incision and spore suspension method by inoculating the isolated pathogen into mature healthy fruits of pomegranate on which the symptoms appeared in 96.00 and 144.00 h, respectively. Out of six nutrient media tested, potato dextrose agar (PDA) was found to the best medium for growth of C. Acutatum. Temperature of 300 C and PH 6.0 was found to be optimum for the growth of pathogen. A temperature ranging from 25-350 C and relative humidity more than 80.5 percent was found to be optimum for sysmptom development under artificial inoculation conditions. Out of the plant extracts evaluated maximum inhibition was recorded with use of Ocimum sp. (59.01%) while, tricyclazole 75% WP, metiram 70% WG, mancozeb 75% WP, myclobutanil 10% WP and azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC resulted in cent per cent inhibition of the pathogen under in vitro conditions. Mancozeb 75% WP was found to be most effective fungicide both in pre-as well as post inoculation spray treatments resulting, in mean maximum incubations period (216.00h0 and mean minimum lesion diameter (24.92mm). Among all the three varieties screened viz., Chawla, Sindhuri and kandhari none were found to be resistant towards the disease.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of actinobacteria from rhizosphere soils for growth promotion in tomato(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-01-26) Mankotia, Radhika; Saini, RajThe present investigation entitled “Identification of actinobacteria from rhizosphere soils for growth promotion in tomato” was carried out during 2019-2020 with the aim to explore native actinomycetes from rhizosphere of tomato crop grown at different locations in district Kullu and Hamirpur of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 109 actinobacterial isolates were obtained using different selective media for isolation viz., actinomycete isolation agar medium, yeast malt agar medium and starch M protein agar medium and the preliminary screening of the isolates for plant growth promoting attributes (PGP) attributes was carried out. It was found that only 88.99% of the total isolates showed phosphate (P) solubilization on Pikovskaya’s agar medium and the phosphate solubilization index varied widely from 1.11 to 6.0. All actinobacterial isolates displayed growth on nitrogen free Jensen’s medium and only 5.50% isolates exhibited siderophore production. The inhibition of fungal pathogens viz. Alternaria sp, Fusarium sp, Phytophthora sp and Sclerotinia sp., was demonstrated by 28.44%, 11.92%, 15.59% and 12.84% actinobacterial isolates, respectively and four isolates (NDF-10, HMS-4, HMM-1 and HMM-4) showed inhibition against all the phytopathogenic fungi.On the basis of initial screening, only fifteen actinobacterial isolates were further evaluated and found to exhibit high P solubilization (718.16 to 1418.16 μg/ml) in National Botanical Research Institute’s Phosphate broth with tricalcium phosphate and high indole-3-acetic acid/IAA (11.56 to 21.35 μg/ml) production. Maximum P solubilization and IAA production was observed in isolate KLK-8. The production of extracellular enzymes amylase, cellulase, gelatinase, lipase and protease varied among the isolates. All the fifteen actinobacterial isolates with filamentous morphology varied in their biochemical characteristics. Screening of actinomycete isolates for in vitro tomato seed germination and growth studies in filter paper assay revealed best performance of seeds treated with isolate KLK-8 which showed a significant increase in per cent germination, root length, shoot length and vigour index over untreated control. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, three promising actinobacterial isolates KLK-8, HMM-1 and HMS-8 were identified as Streptomyces tendae strain KLK8, Streptomyces sp. strain HMM1 and Streptomyces sp. strain HMS8, respectively. The present study clearly indicates that native actinomycetes exhibit promising PGP attributes and could serve as bioinoculants to achieve more sustainable and environment friendly crop production.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of conjoint application of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on soil properties and productivity of Peach(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-04-27) Thakur, Sumedha; Sharma, RakeshThe present experiment entitled “Effect of conjoint application of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on soil properties and productivity of Peach” was conducted at experimental farm of the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, during the year 2020. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T1 (100 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1), T2 (75 % NPK+ FYM 25 kg tree-1), T3 (50 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1), T4 (100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1), T5 (75 % NPK + VC 15 kg tree-1), T6 (50 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1), T7 (Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at 15 days interval), T8 (Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at 15 days interval + FYM 25 kg tree-1), T9 (Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at 15 days interval +VC 15 kg tree-1), T10 (75 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval), T11 (50 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval), T12 (75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval) and T13 (50 % NPK + VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval). The highest increase in tree height (26.70 %), annual shoot growth (58.47 cm), average fruit weight (95.04 g), fruit yield (10.67 kg tree-1) was recorded under 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12). The advancement in flower initiation was also recorded in this treatment. Fruit quality parameters viz. total soluble solids (12.33 ⸰Brix), titrable acidity (1.18 %) and ascorbic acid (16.88 mg 100 g-1) were found highest in 100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 (T4). Leaf N (3.65 %), S (0.404 %), Mn (64.53 ppm) and Fe (227.49 ppm) contents were recorded significantly higher in 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12) whereas, leaf P (0.310 %) and Zn (26.33 ppm) was observed significantly higher in 100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 (T4). Soil organic carbon (2.85 and 2.08 %), available N (428.59 and 397.23 kg ha-1), available P (70.63 kg ha-1), available K (443.52 and 436.05 kg ha-1), available S (50.09 and 49.39 mg kg-1) and Cu (0.92 and 0.88 mg kg-1) contents were significantly higher in 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12), however, electrical conductivity (0.191and 0.188 dS m-1), cation exchange capacity (12 and 11.47 C mol p+ kg-1 soil), Zn (6.09 and 5.65 mg kg-1), Mn (31.78 and 29.79 mg kg-1), Fe (102.89 and 95.11 mg kg-1) in surface and subsurface layer were significantly higher in 100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 (T4). Further, maximum microbial count (219.00×105 cfu g-1) was recorded higher in 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 + Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at onemonth interval (T12). From these results it is concluded that treatment comprising 75 per cent NPK +VC @ 15 kg tree-1 + Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12) proved best in attaining maximum growth and yield parameters as well as physical, chemical and biological properties of soil over university recommendation of fertilizers and manures (100 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1) (T1) for peach crop in subtropical region of Himachal Pradesh.
