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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access “Appraisal of existing agroforestry systems in Chuhar valley of District Mandi, H.P.”.(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2020-12-04) Thakur, Atul; Pant, K.S.The present investigation entitled “Appraisal of existing agroforestry systems in Chuhar valley of District Mandi, H.P.” was carried out during the year 2019-20 in Chuhar valley of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. The valley is located between 31⁰ 50‟ to 32⁰ 02‟ N latitude and 76⁰ 50‟ to 77⁰ 00‟ E longitude. For the study the Chuhar valley was divided into two distinct regions viz. northern region and southern region which constituted six panchayats and seven panchayats respectively. A representative sample of two villages was selected from each panchayat and from each village a sample of nine farmers was selected and categorized as marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5 ha) on the basis of the land holding. The data was collected through pre-structured schedule for the purpose through personal interviews with head of the each household and field sampling. Socioeconomic status of farmers has been analyzed taking into account their average family structure, sex- ratio, educational status, literacy rate, livestock status, off-farm employment status and land holding size. The study revealed that six agroforestry systems types prevalent among different categories of farmers in northern and southern regions viz., AS, AHS, ASH, HP, PS and PSH. In northern region, most predominant AFS was AHS, followed by PS. In southern region, most predominant AFS was PS followed by AS. In northern region, a total of 15 plant families were recorded with 27 genera and 29 species and in pasture land a total of 10 plant families was recorded with 25 genera and 26 species. In southern region, in agricultural land a total of 22 plant families was recorded which included 41 genera and 48 species. In the pasture land, a total of 20 plant families were recorded with 40 genera and 42 species. IVI studies revealed that the most dominant fruit trees in AHS system in northern and southern regions were Prunus armeniaca and Prunus persica respectively. In northern region, among all the existing agroforestry systems highest (21.72 t ha-1) total biomass production was observed in Agrisilvihorticulture (ASH) system and lowest (9.45 t ha-1) in Pastoralsilviculture (PS) irrespective of farmers‟ categories. In southern region, among all the existing agroforestry systems highest (22.38 t ha-1) total biomass production was observed in Hortipastoral (HP) system and lowest (13.07 t ha-1) in Pastoralsilviculture (PS) irrespective of farmers‟ categories. Comparative analysis of net returns of different agroforestry revealed that in northern region maximum net returns (183276 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) was reported from Agrihortisilviculture (AHS) and least (7093 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) from Pastoralsilviculture (PS) system among all the existing agroforestry systems irrespective of all the farmers‟ categories. In southern region maximum net returns (205113 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) was reported from Agrihortisilviculture (AHS) while lowest (8213 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) from Pastoralsilviculture (PS) system among all the existing agroforestry systems irrespective of all the farmers‟ categories. Technological gaps identifying the socio-economic and other constraints have indicated the inherent weakness of existing AF systems. The most prominent constraints include disproportionate applications of insecticides/pesticides and fertilizers, fragmented landholdings, lack of efficient marketing channels, communication gap between lab to land and ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro-processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions and opening of govt. authorized sale centres at accessible places etc. From the above study it is concluded that AHS and AS system types were found to be the best for economic point of view in northern and southern regions respectively, hence these systems may be recommended for Chuhar valley. Hence the study represents the clear picture of biomass and economic analysis of existing agroforestry systems which will help the researchers and policy makers in planning and developing the strategies to overcome the existing constraints and to make sure that local people get maximum benefit from agroforestry.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF IBA CONCENTRATIONS AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND ROOTING PERFORMANCE OF APPLE ROOTSTOCK BUD 9(UHF,NAUNI, 2012-12) AMANDEEP; SHARMA, C LABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of IBA concentrations and growing media on growth and rooting performance of apple rootstock Bud 9” was undertaken at Pandah Experimental Farm of Department of Seed Science & Technology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan H.P. during 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design (Factorial) with twelve treatment combinations replicated thrice, comprising of three IBA levels (0, 2000 and 2500 ppm) and four growing media (soil, sawdust, crop residue and FYM). Among different levels of IBA, the treatment IBA @ 2500 ppm recorded length of daughter shoot (137.26 cm), diameter of daughter shoot (10.41 mm), number of leaves (76.40), leaf area (44.99 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (2.01 mg g-1), fresh weight of daughter shoot (118.65 g), dry weight of daughter shoot (61.66 g), per cent rooted shoots (73.98 %), average number of roots (10.85), longest root (27.95 cm), shortest root (6.85 cm), average root length (26.38 cm), root diameter (1.66 mm), fresh weight of roots (69.04 g), dry weight of roots (38.95 g), root: shoot ratio (0.61) and total biomass of rooted shoot (100.61 g). Among growing media, sawdust resulted in maximum length of daughter shoot (118.12 cm), diameter of daughter shoot (10.39 mm), number of leaves (74.10), leaf area (39.59 cm2), fresh weight of daughter shoot (117.16 g), dry weight of daughter shoots (62.41 g), per cent rooted shoots (67.73 %), average number of roots (10.14), longest root (27.51 cm), shortest root (6.55 cm), average root length (27.31 cm), root diameter (1.86 mm), fresh weight (66.41 g) and dry weight of roots (35.94 g), total biomass of rooted shoot (98.35 g). The interaction of IBA @ 2500 ppm + sawdust had exhibited maximum length of daughter shoot (143.73 cm), diameter of daughter shoot (12.12 mm), number of leaves (79.16), leaf area (48.18 cm2), fresh (143.50 g) and dry weight of shoots (74.50 g), per cent rooted shoots (76.23 %), average number of roots (13.16), longest root (32.11 cm), shortest root (9.11), average root length (32.16 cm), root diameter (2.34 mm), fresh weight of roots (86.16 g), dry weight of roots (50.50 g) and total biomass of rooted shoot (125.00 gThesisItem Open Access Standardization of method for preparation of osmotically dried instant guava slices(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-11-28) Priyanka; Verma, Anil KumarMethod for utilization of guava fruit cultivars viz, Lalit and Shweta for the preparation of osmo-dehydrated fruit slices was standardized. The guava fruits with peel and without peel of each cultivar were cut into 4 mm, 6mm and 8mm thick slices. Thereafter, fruit slices were dipped in 5 different soaking solution (0, 0.1% KMS, 0.2% KMS, 0.1% KMS+0.5% CaCl2, 0.2% KMS+0.5% CaCl2) for 15 minutes and dried in dehydrator at 55±5°C to a constant moisture content. Among all different pre-treatments, fruit types and slice thickness the use of 0.2% KMS+0.5% CaCl2, unpeeled guava and 6mm slice thickness were found most suitable with respect to moisture loss, weight loss, drying time and sensory characteristics for further development of osmo-dried fruit slices. The fruit slices treated with best pre-treatment were kept in 50oB, 60oB and 70oB osmotic solutions for 24 hours and then dried in a cabinet drier at 55±5°C to constant moisture content.The osmo- dehydrated slices were found to contain 18.44 - 21.75 % moisture content, 57.84 - 78.860B TSS, 0.10 - 0.24 % titratable acidity, 131.51 - 134.99 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 1.12 - 1.52% ash content, 33.72 - 37.10 % reducing sugar and 45.25- 51.82 % total sugar. During storage the fruit slices packed in aluminium pouches experienced marginal changes in various chemical and sensory attributes but remained self- stable for 90 days of storage. The value of different attributes of osmo- dehydrated slices in aluminium pouches after 90 days of storage were 53.89-78.86 °B TSS, 0.10-0.59 per cent titratable acidity, 129.36-134.99 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 33.72-43.74 % reducing sugars, 39.86-51.82 % total sugars and 18.44-22.23 % moisture content with no microbial growth in any of the sample. Among different osmotic treatments, the fruit slices prepared by using 700B sugar syrup were found most acceptable with sensory hedonic score of 7.74 on 9-point hedonic scale as compared to 50oB and 60oB sugar syrup. Thus, the guava fruit slices can successfully be utilized for development of self- stable osmo-dehydrated slicesThesisItem Open Access Standardization of method for extraction and storage of aonla juice(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-11-28) Sharma, Shweta; Sharma, P CMethod for juice extraction and storage of aonla juice cv. NA-7 and Desi (Seedling) aonla and preparation of aonla juice based ready to serve beverage was optimized. Out of four different combinations, enzymatic pretreatment of grated aonla mass by adding 1000ppm pectinase enzyme at 50°C for 4 hours followed by juice extraction in screw type juice extractor resulted in a significant improvement in juice yield i.e. 68.1% in cv. NA-7 and 65% in Desi (seedling) aonla against 50.1% in NA-7 and 48.1% in Desi (seedling) aonla fruits. The extracted juice exhibited 9.9-10.13°B TSS, 1.21-1.24% titratable acidity, 543.3-545mg/100ml ascorbic acid, 3.19- 3.29mgGAE/100ml total phenols, 0.97-0.99% tannins with 56.3-58.6% antioxidant activity. Juice of Desi (seedling) aonla fruits on the other hand contained comparatively higher level of TSS 12-12.06°B, Ascorbic acid 586-588.9mg/100ml, 3.39-3.48mg GAE/100ml total phenols, 1.09-1.19% tannins with 62.3-64.9% antioxidant activity. Further, among different preservative combinations, the juice preserved by using 500 ppm KMS and stored at low temperature (5±1°C) exhibited better retention of biochemical constituents like ascorbic acid, phenols, tannins and antioxidant activity even after 90 days of storage. The ready to serve beverage made by using 15% aonla juice and maintaining 15°B TSS (acidity 0.3%) without any exogenous addition of citric acid was adjudged the most acceptable on a 9 point hedonic scale. Thus both type of aonla fruits Desi (seedling) as well as cultivated cultivars can successfully be utilized for preparation and preservation of aonla juice and ready to serve beverage of acceptable sensory qualities.ThesisItem Open Access Development and utilization of foam mat dried papaya leaf powder(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-11-20) Bhardwaj, Mohit; Sharma, P CMethod for utilization of papaya leaves for preparation of foam mat dried papaya leaf juice powder was standardized. Papaya leaf juice extracted by using cold and hot juice extraction method with a juice yield of 46.4-59.4%, 6.8-7.0⁰B TSS, 4.44 – 4.49 pH, 0.301-0.309% titratable acidity, 4.21- 4.19 mg GAE/ml total phenol, 0.217-0.187 mg/ml total chlorophyll, 3.91- 4.09 mg/ml reducing sugar and 4.04-4.35 mg/ml total sugar was utilized. The conversion of papaya leaf juice into foam was optimized by whipping (for 5 minutes) the juice after addition of carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) and glycerol-mono- stearate (GMS) @ 0-3% each and drying the resultant foam in a dehydrator (60±2°C) to a constant moisture content. Drying of papaya leaf juice foam by using 3% CMC was found the most appropriate with respect to desired foaming properties (foam density, foam expansion and foam stability), physico-chemical and sensory attributes. Dried powder contained 67.0- 70.2°B TSS, 6.81-9.02% moisture content, 12.0-18.1% ash content, 0.986-2.019 mg/100g total chlorophyll, 7.175-8.207 mgGAE/100g total phenols and 41.66-45.06% total sugars. After 90 days of storage at ambient (30-350C) and low temperature (5±10C) the leaf powder made from cold juice extraction based juice showed 68.1 & 69.8°B TSS, 8.54 & 8.07 % moisture content, 2.83 & 2.97 % titratable acidity, 4.60 & 4.43 pH, 39.21 & 39.89 % reducing sugars, 41.8 & 42.5 % total sugars, 0.80 & 1.00 mg/100g chlorophyll and 7.54 & 7.78 mgGAE/100g total phenols, respectively while the powder made from hot juice extraction based juice exhibited 67.5 & 68.7°B TSS, 8.50 & 7.91 % moisture content, 2.86 & 3.01 % titratable acidity, 4.69 & 4.65 pH, 40.06 & 40.79 % reducing sugars, 42.6 & 43.4 % total sugars, 0.69 & 0.94 mg/100g chlorophyll and 7.99 & 8.08 mgGAE/100g total phenols, respectively with no microbial growth in any of the sample. Further, foam mat dried papaya leaf powder obtained from hot juice extraction-based juice and stored at low temperature exhibited better retention of nutrients as compared to powder obtained from cold juice extraction-based method and stored at both ambient and low temperature. Further, instant ready-to-serve powder prepared by using leaf juice powder and glucose powder in 10:90 proportions was found most acceptable with sensory attributes of 6.91 on 9-point hedonic scale. Thus, papaya leaves can be successfully utilized for preparation of instant RTS powder using foam mat drying technique.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of weather parameters on the production of mango and citrus in Una district of Himachal Pradesh(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-29) Kumar, Karan; Sharma, Som DevThe present investigations entitled “Effect of weather parameter on the production of mango and citrus in Una district of Himachal Pradesh” were conducted during 2019 – 2020 in the Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri. Weather data for the period 1996 to 2018 and bimonthly (December – January) weather data from 2004 – 2018 and the data on fruit production for the period 1996 – 2018 with respect to Una district of Himachal Pradesh were analyzed. Spatial data were used for preparation of physiographic map of the district. Effect of weather parameters on fruit crop production were assessed using regression analysis whereby individual parameters were correlated with fruit production and the multiple linear regression equations were obtained. To compute the trends of weather parameters and variability analysis (mean, standard error, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis), regression coefficient whereby different functions considering linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, compound, power, s curve, growth and exponential functions were fitted and best fit equations were selected on the basis of R2 and RMSE. The results of variability analysis revealed no significant trend for weather parameters. Skewness and kurtosis did not follow any normality assumptions. In case of trend analysis, regression function (cubic and quadratic) were found best fit for weather parameters with highest value of R2 (0.48) in case of minimum temperature, while R2 varied from 0.04 – 0.36. The coefficient of correlation between maximum temperature and mango production showed positive correlation (r = 0.623) whereas, citrus production also showed positive significant correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.855) at 1 % level of significance. The analysis of regression for fruit production, minimum temperature on citrus production was found significant with an R 2 value 0.21, indicating thereby that citrus production is influenced by minimum temperature but not weather parameters in combination. The physiographic maps used to identify the topographic situation with the help of DEM, slope, contour, aspect and hillshade maps. These maps are very useful for land use planning.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS AND TIME OF WEDGE GRAFTING ON PRODUCTION OF SALEABLE GRAFTS IN MANGO(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-21) Shivendu, Shiv Kumar; Banyal, Sanjeev KumarThe present investigations “Studies on the effect of pre-sowing treatment and time of wedge grafting on production of saleable grafts in mango” were carried out in the nursery block of Fruit Science Department. The study was conducted using wild mangoes seeds. In the first experiment, total number of seeds were divided in 2 equal halves, one half of seeds were sown with intact seed coat (K1) while, in other half the mango kernels were extracted (K2), both type of seeds were then soaked in 6 different chemicals of varying concentrations viz. C1- KNO3 @ 0.5%, C2- KNO3 @ 1%, C3- KNO3 @ 1.5%, C4- BA @ 50 ppm, C5- BA @ 100 ppm, C6- GA3 @ 100 ppm, C7- GA3 @ 200 ppm, C8- beejaaumrit @ 2%, C9- beejaaumrit @ 3%, C10- panchgavya @ 2%, C11- panchgavya @ 3% for 12 hours and C12- Control. In the second experiment, the mango rootstocks were wedge grafted with scion on 7 different dates viz. T1-first fortnight of August, T2- second fortnight of August, T3- first fortnight of September, T4- fortnight of February, T5- first fortnight of March, T6- second fortnight of March and T7- first fortnight of April. The germination and vegetative parameters were observed. The results of study revealed that in first experiment, extracted kernels pre-soaked with GA3 @ 100 ppm produced earliest germination, 50 % germination, high rate of germination, germination percentage, number of leaves, maximum leaf area, highest seedling vigour index, while, on pre-soaking extracted kernel with KNO3 @ 0.5% reported in production of maximum seedling diameter. In second experiment, plants grafted on first fortnight of August recorded the earliest bud break, higher graft success rate, survival percentage, total plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and scion diameter, whereas, plants grafted on the second fortnight of August recorded maximum internodal distance. However, maximum diameter of rootstock was recorded in mango plants grafted on the first fortnight of September.ThesisItem Open Access Study on genetic variability in Colocasia (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-19) Kumar, Rishabh; Dogra, B SThe present investigation entitled “Study on genetic variability in colocasia (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (HP) during summer-rainy season, 2019. Twenty-three genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications to ascertain extent of variability, heratibility, genetic advance and gain, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and other horticulture traits among the genotypes. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters under study. Three genotypes namely LC-A-5-18, LC-A-16-18 and LC-A-13-18 were found to be high yielding as well as better from consumer’s point of view. They could be the promising parents for utilization in further breeding programmes. High PCV and GCV existed for number of cormels per plant, disease severity, tuber yield per plot, number of corms per plant, weight of cormels per plant, plant height and width of cormels. High heritability estimates were observed for width of corms, tuber yield per plot, plant height, weight of cormels per plant, disease severity, length of leaf lamina, dry matter percentage in tubers, width of cormels and weight of corms per plant while, high estimates of genetic gain were observed for number of cormels per plant, tuber yield per plot, disease severity, plant height and weight of cormels per plant. The correlation studies at phenotypic and genotypic level revealed that tuber yield per plot had positive and significant association with width of corms, number of cormels per plant, weight of corms per plant, weight of cormels per plant, length of leaf lamina, number of corms per plant, width of cormels and plant height. Path analysis revealed that width of corms, number of cormels per plant, length of leaf lamina, dry matter percentage in tubers, width of cormels, number of corms per plant and breadth of leaf lamina had positive and direct effects on tuber yield per plot.ThesisItem Open Access Induction of resistance for the management of Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-18) Sharma, Shalini; Sharma, MonicaThe pathogen causing Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower was isolated and identified as Alternaria brassicicola on the basis of morphological characters and sequencing of DNA region coding for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Amplification of genomic DNA of fungus with primer pair ITS1 and ITS 4 gave a single band of approximately 500 bp on gel electrophoresis. In pathogenicity test, 72 hours of incubation period of A. brassicicola was observed by spray inoculation of the pathogen. Among eight different abiotic resistance inducers, foliar sprays of salicylic acid (20 mM) and potassium chloride (100 mM) was found most effective for the management of Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower in pot and field experiment. Under field conditions, three foliar sprays of salicylic acid (20 mM) and potassium chloride (100mM) resulted in reduction in disease incidence up to 76.81 and 71.01 per cent and disease index up to 78.69 and 73.36 per cent, respectively with maximum curd yield of 2.68 and 2.37 kg/plot. The phenol content and activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase was maximum after three days of pathogen inoculation which then gradually diluted with time. Among aqueous extracts, maximum mycelial inhibition of 65.47 per cent was observed by using extract of Phyllanthus emblica at 50 per cent concentration. Cow urine alone resulted in complete inhibition in mycelial growth of pathogen at different tested concentrations i.e 10, 15 and 20 per cent. While, in cow urine based extracts, maximum mycelial inhibition of 53.33 and 51.67 per cent was observed by using extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Phyllanthus emblica at 20 per cent concentration. In dual culture assay, under in vitro conditions, Trichoderma harzianum I-6 strain resulted in maximum mycelial inhibition of 80.64 per cent followed by T. viride (78.49 %). Root dip treatment of cauliflower seedlings with T. harzianum I-6 strain was also found most effective with reduction of 32.70 and 40.00 per cent disease incidence and per cent disease index, respectively