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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BIOFERTILIZERS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF Spilanthes acmella MURR. UNDER Morus BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) JAMIR, P. IMTINUKSHI; THAKUR, C.L.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled "Effect of different biofertilizers and planting densities on the growth and yield of Spilanthes acmella Murr. under Morus based agroforestry system" was carried out at the experimental field of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2015. The study was undertaken with the objectives (a) to study the effect of different types of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of Spilanthes acmella and (b) to study the growth of Spilanthes acmella under different planting densities. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design comprising of Morus alba as tree component planted at a spacing of 9 m x 3 m and open field condition, under which akarkara plants treated with 5 different biofertilizer combinations viz. T1 (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria + FYM), T2 (Azotobacter + Phosphate solubelizing bacteria + FYM), T3 (Azotobacter + Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza + FYM), T4 (Azospirillum + Phosphate solubelizing bacteria + FYM), T5 (Azospirillum + Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza + FYM ) and T6 (RDF + FYM) as control were grown. A sub-treatment of three different planting densities S1 (30 cm x 40 cm), S2 (30 cm x 30 cm) and S3 (30 cm x 20 cm) were incorporated for each of the biofertilizer treatments. The plot size was 2 m x 1 m. The observations were recorded on multiple growth and yield parameters of akarkara and soil chemical properties. All biofertilizer treatments had no significant influence on the growth and yield attributes of akarkara. Planting condtions, however, did significantly affect all the growth and yield attributes of akarkara where plants under sole cropping showed better results as compared to tree associated plants. Planting density also significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes where plants S2 and S3 performed better as compared to S1. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that akarkara performed better under sole cropping conditions and the biofertilizers selected for the study had no significant effect on the growth and yield of the plant. Furthermore, standardization of planting density requires further studies particularly for agroforestry systems.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelve ) CULTIVARS ‘SOLAN SHRINGAR’ AND ‘YELLOW STAR’(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) KAVITA; SHARMA, POOJAABSTRACT The present investigations entitled, “Studies on postharvest handling of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelve ) culivars ‘Solan Shringar’ and ‘Yellow Star’ were carried out at Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P) during 2015-2016. Studies included four experiments including bud opening solutions, pulsing solutions, holding solutions and effect of TDZ on reduction of leaf yellowing in dry storage of selected cultivars. All the four experiments were conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (factorial). Studies revealed that bud- cut flowers of cultivar ‘Yellow Star’ opened earliest when placed in preservative solution containing sucrose (8%)+ 8-HQC (150 ppm) whereas, ‘Solan Shringar’ in sucrose (4%) + 8-HQC (150 ppm). However, maximum flower diameter, flower height and increase in weight of cut stems and amount of solution consumed by cut stems of both the cultivars was obtained when flowers were opened in sucrose (4%) + 8-HQC (150 ppm). Vase life, amount of distilled water consumed and appearance was maximum when harvested at fully opened stage. Pulsing of cut stems in 8-HQC (250 ppm) + BA (50 ppm) + sucrose (5%) for 20 hours was found best for better appearance, vase life, flower diameter and lowest fresh weight loss in both the cultivars. Among different holding solutions, sucrose (2%) + 8-HQC (100 ppm) was found best for improving longevity and appearance of cut flowers. This solution resulted in increased flower diameter, flower height, more water uptake, better vase life and reduced fresh weight losses. In the experiment on eefect of foliar spray of thiadiazuron cut foliage successfully retained their green colour and showed maximum vase life and appearance when treated with TDZ (150 µM) and dry stored at 4ºC for 5 days than those stored for longer durations. In general, better postharvest longevity was observed of cultivar ‘Yellow Star’ than ‘Solan Shringar’.ThesisItem Open Access PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE TRIBAL DISTRICT KINNAUR(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) SUJATA, DEVI; SHARMA, G.C.ABSTRACT The present investigations were carried out during the period of research on “Plant parasitic nematodes associated with major fruit and vegetable crops in the tribal district Kinnaur. Three commercial vegetable (pea, potato and cabbage) and fruit (apple, apricot and almond) crops of the tribal district Kinnaur were taken into consideration. All the three developmental blocks of the district (Kalpa, Pooh and Nichar) were covered under the study. Four nematodes viz., lesion nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi), spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and juveniles (J2) of root knot nematode (Meloidogynesp.) were found prevalent in the rhizosphere of all the vegetable and fruit crops, with their considerable population build up. Among fruit crops, apple orchards were found harbouring highest population of all the nematodes, followed by apricot and almond, with lesion nematode as most predominant both in terms of its frequency of occurrence and population density. Among vegetable crops, pea was found most sensitive to nematode infestation and was having maximum population build up of all the four nematodes. In all the three vegetables, maximum population density was recorded for stunt nematode. All the localities of Kalpa block were found having highest nematode populations in both fruit and vegetable crops rhizosphere. Although, there was recorded positive impact of soil temperature and moisture onthe buildup of different nematode population, both in fruit and vegetable crops, their impact did not remain considerable on the population of all the nematodes.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SEED INVIGORATION TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY OF Angelica glauca Edgew. AND Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz – ENDANGERED MEDICINAL SPECIES(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) SAYAL, NEHA; THAKUR, ANJUABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of seed invigoration treatments on germination physiology of Angelica glauca Edges. andRauvolfia serpentine (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz-endangered medicinal species” was conducted in the Plant Physiology laboratory of Basic Sciences, Dr.Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, NauniSolan (H.P.) during 2013-15. The objectives of the study were to identify the superior population of both the species; to induce germination and vigour and to understand physio-biochemical patterns. The seeds of Angelica glauca and Rauvolfia serpentine were subjected to eighteen invigoration treatments out of which the maximum germination percentage (41.11%) in seeds of A. glauca was observed with GA3100 ppm for 72 hrs, which was closely followed by KNO3 500 ppm for 48 hrs (35.55%), PEG 6000 at -0.5 MPa for 12 hrs (33.33%) and thiourea 200 ppm for 30 mins (31.11%) respectively. In R. serpentine untreated seeds did not show germination whereas, the maximum germination percentage (36.67%) was observed in seeds subjected to GA3 200 ppm for 48 hrs, which was closely followed by GA3 100 ppm for 48 hrs (28.89%), KNO3 1% for 48 hrs (23.33%) and chilling at 5oC for 4 weeks as well as thiourea 0.5% for 48 hrs (22.22%). Higher germination in above treatments was coupled with early onset of germination, shortest mean germination time, higher seedling vigour indices and higher enzyme activities. The patterns of changes in physio-biochemical parameters viz. alpha-amylase, protease and dehydrogenase, soluble sugars and phenol content was found to be closely related with germination and vigour, reflecting the underlying physio-biochemical changes in seeds subjected to invigoration treatments. Henceforth, it is concluded that above seed treatments can pave the way for improving germination and vigour of A. glauca and R. serpentine which otherwise show very low and erratic germination.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF LEVELS OF N, P AND K ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHERRY TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) GILL, NAVJOT SINGH; VERMA, M.L.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of levels of N, P and K on the yield and quality of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)” was conducted at the research farm of the department of soil science and water management, Nauni, Solan during two kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015 with six treatments comprissing of T1 – without NPK fertilizers – (Control), T2 – 25% recommended dose of NPK, T3 – 50% recommended dose of NPK, T4 – 75% recommended dose of NPK, T5 – 100% recommended dose of NPK and T6 – 125% recommended dose of NPK with four replications in a randomized block design. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of N, P and K on the yield and quality of cherry tomato, vis-à-vis, and the benefit cost ratio of different treatments. The maximum nutrient contents in the fruit, shoot and root were found in the treatment comprising of 125 % RDF (T6) followed by 100% RDF (T5) and minimum levels were found in the treatment without fertilizer (T1 ) control. The quality parameters of cherry tomato have been found to significantly vary with the extent of fertilizer doses applied. The maximum fruit size (3.36 cm2), fruit weight (9.29 g) and TSS (8.69 °Brix) was found in T6 comprising of 125 % RDF followed by T5 (100% RDF) where as the minimum values for these parameters were found in (T1) control where no fertilizer was applied. The fruit yield of 1.45 kg per plant (439.56 q ha-1) was also found under T6. The BC ratio of 8.09 was found highest for T6 (125 % RDF) and followed by 7.91 for T5.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT AND DIAMETER CLASSES ON THE PHENOPHASES, GERMINATION BEHAVIOUR AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF Robinia pseudoacacia L. TREES IN KULLU VALLEY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) DUTT, ANIL; BHARDWAJ, D.R.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled. “Effect of altitudinal gradient and diameter classes on the phenophases, germination behaviour and biomass production of Robinia pseudoacacia L. trees in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh.” was conducted at the various sites of the Kullu valley and laboratory of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during the years 2013-2015. The study site, where trees of Robinia pseudoacacia L. was selected is located between 31˚50’-32˚09 N and 77˚10’–77˚10’E in the western Himalaya. Four altitudinal ranges located between 1000 and 1800 amsl were taken for study. Aim of the present study was to observe variation in phenological events, germination potential, biomass production and carbon storage capacity of Robinia pseudoacacia L. along the altitudinal ranges and from the different diameter classes. Frequent field visits were made to record observations on phenological events from 1000-1800 masl, seeds were collected from four altitudes and different diameter classes <10 cm , 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm. Biomass production above ground as well as below ground and its increment in one year was estimated. Separate biomass production and increment has been estimated by using allometric equations in kg tree-1 for each character with respect to different diameter class, altitude and interaction of diameter and altitude (AXD). Study revealed that survival was 100% at A3 and A4 altitudinal ranges and different phenophases varies significantly with altitude. For germination traits maximum percent seed viability, percent germination, percent germination capacity and percent germination energy was found at A3 altitude (90.35%, 84.72%, 88.52% and 66.55%, respectively) and in diameter class D3 (90.50%,85.40,88.15% and 54.15%, respectively). Trend followed was A3>A2>A4>A1 for altitude and similarly followed the trend D3>D2>D4>D1 for diameter classes. Under pod characters, we studies pod length, pod width and number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. For pod characters diameter class shows significant variation. Higher values 9.6 cm,1.14 cm and 11.28 cm pod length, pod width and number of seeds per pod, respectively were recorded for D3 diameter class and D1 was reported minimum in pod characters. Similarly, for physico-chemical properties D3 shows significant variation in diameter classes. Diameter class D3 was noticed best for physico-chemical properties maximum sugar (10.40 mgg -1), starch (46.32 mgg -1), phenols (3.16 mgg-1) and amino acids (17.80 mgg-1) were recorded in D3. Trend followed was D3>D4>D2>D1 for diameter classes. Along the altitude and between interaction effects (AXD) it was noticed non significant variation. In biomass production significant variation was noticed among diameter classes. D4 was found to produce more biomass with 570.91 kg tree -1 and 572.39 kg tree-1 for first year and second year, respectively. Similarly for carbon storage maximum 221.59 kg tree-1 and 222.17 kg tree-1 was recorded for first year and second year respectively and trend was followed as D4>D3>D2>D1. Along the altitudinal ranges A3 was observed best in biomass production and carbon storage potential. Trend followed was A3>A4>A2>A1. Trend for biomass and carbon storage potential was similar for second year as it was noticed in first year. Carbon sequestration and mitigation was recorded to have significant variation along diameter as well as altitude and interaction effect (AXD). Diameter class D3 and altitude A1 were observed best in term of carbon sequestration and carbon mitigation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. with maximum 2.62 kg tree-1 and 9.61 kg tree-1 carbon was sequestrated and mitigated, respectively. Trend observed was D3>D2>D1>D4 in different diameter classes and A1>A2>A3>A4 along the altitudinal gradient; further in cumulative effect maximum carbon sequestration and mitigation was found at A1D3 and minimum at A4D4.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON AIR POLLUTION STATUS IN SOLAN CITY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) SAHIL, KARTIKAY; AGGARWAL, R.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on air pollution status in Solan city of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Solan city of Himachal Pradesh with the aim to study the different air pollutants in Solan city and to find out the air quality index (AQI). The study was carried out at five selected locations classified as state highway, commercial area, national highway, old bus stand and industrial area during the post monsoon and pre monsoon seasons in the Solan city to monitor pollutants viz. RSPM (PM10), NRSPM, TSP, NO2, SO2 and VOCs. The maximum concentration of particulate matter (PM10) was found at commercial area (122.24 µg per m3) while the minimum concentration was found at state highway (75.18 µg per m3). The maximum concentration of total suspended particulate matter was found at commercial area with a mean value of 367.67 µg per m3 while minimum total suspended particulate matter was found at national highway with a mean concentration of 282.43 µg per m3. The maximum concentration of NO2 was found at commercial area with a mean value of 29.47 µg per m3 while minimum concentration of NO2 was found at state highway with a mean value of 18.19 µg per m3. The maximum concentration of SO2 was found at commercial area with a mean value of 8.25 µg per m3 while minimum concentration of SO2 was found at state highway with a mean value of 3.42 µg per m3. The maximum (6.46 µg per m3) mean concentration of VOCs was measured during premonsoon season and minimum (1.81 µg per m3) mean concentration of volatile organic compounds was measured during post-monsoon season. The correlation of weather parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall) with pollutants showed that the temperature has significant negative correlation with all the studied pollutants in post-monsoon season whereas, wind speed showed significant negative correlation with particulate matter (PM10), non-respirable suspended particulate matter (NRSPM) and total suspended particulate (TSP) in the same season. In pre-monsoon season, non significant correlation of meteorological parameters was found with all the studied pollutants. The air quality index during post monsoon and pre monsoon seasons at commercial area, old bus stand and national highway was “Moderately polluted” while at state highway and industrial area it was found to be “Fairly clean”. The investigation found that the maximum concentration of Fe was observed in the city followed by Manganese (Mn) while the concentrations of As, Pb, Ni and Cu was found in less concentration.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF NEWLYEVOLVED GENOTYPES OF CARNATION(Dianthus caryophyllusL.)FOR GROWTH AND FLOWERINGPARAMETERS(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) NACHO, GEMEM; DHIMAN, S.R.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of newly evolved genotypes of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) for growth and flowering parameters” was carried out at experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2014 to 2015. The experiment was laid out in RBD-Factorial with three replications and data were recorded for the first flowering flush. Ten diverse genotypes including 8 in-vitro raised, check (genotype ‘Master’) and parent (genotype ‘Tempo’) were planted on two different dates (12 February and 12 April) to evaluate these genotypes and to find out better planting time for different genotypes and to assess the extent of variability (PCV and GCV), heritability, genetic advance, genetic gain and correlation among different characters. Plant height, flower diameter, bud size, stem length, ‘A’ grade flowers, thickness of flower stem and duration of flowering were observed more in April 12 planting whereas, days taken to bud formation and flowering and flower yield were recorded more in February 12 planting. Wide and significant variations for all the parameters were observed among the different carnation genotypes. Days to bud formation and flowering, flower size and duration of flowering were recorded maximum in ‘UHFSCar-6’ while maximum plant height, length of cut flower stem and ‘A’ grade flowers was recorded in ‘Tempo’. Bud size (bud length and bud diameter), stem thickness, number of flowers per plant and per/m2 were recorded maximum in ‘UHFSCar-7’. ‘Master’ gave maximum number of petals per flower. On the basis of stem strength all the genotypes were categorized under ‘A’ grade. Maximum to moderate variability estimates in terms of GCV, PCV, heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain were observed for characters such as calyx splitting, stem strength, days for bud formation, flower yield, number of petals per flower, stem length and flowering duration indicating high genetic variability for these traits. Significant positive correlation of the desirable traits such as number of flowers, flower size, stem length, plant height, days to first flowering, number of flower per plant, duration of flowering etc., were found favourable for breeding as it helps in simultaneous improvement of correlated characters. Positive direct effect of thickness of flower stem, stem length, number of petals and calyx splitting on the number of flowers per plant revealed the true relationship between them and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for the flower yield.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON POTTED CHRYSANTHEMUM (DendranthemagrandifloraTzvelev) UNDER DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODIC CONDITIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) ABROL, AMITA; DHIMAN, S.R.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Effect of growth regulators on potted chrysanthemum (Dendranthemagrandiflora Tzvelev) under different photoperiodic conditions” was carried out at the experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P) during 2014-2015 under controlled and natural photoperiods in six inch plastic pots in naturally ventilated polyhouse. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (factorial) consisting of two cultivars i.e. ‘Ajay’ and ‘UHFSChr-Collection 1’ and seven growth regulator treatments i.e. control (distilled water), paclobutrazol (60 and 90 ppm), daminozide (2500 and 3000 ppm) and ethephon (500 and 750 ppm) and replicated thrice. In general, controlled photoperiod, when applied was found better for flowering over natural photoperiod. Flowering was observed much earlier under controlled photoperiod (142.60 days) with improved quality of plants as compare to natural photoperiod (169.20 days). Findings revealed that for the best quality pot mum production of chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Ajay’, the pot should be sprayed with60 ppm paclobutrazolafter one week of pinching. However the pots of ‘UHFSChr-Collection 1’ under natural photoperiod should be sprayed withdaminozide 3000 ppmand undercontrolled photoperiod sprayed withpaclobutrazol 60 ppmfor highest quality pot mum production.