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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC METAL STATUS IN CONTAMINATED INDUSTRIAL SITES AND THEIR BIOREMEDIATION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-02) SHIVANI; AGGARWAL, R KABSTRACT The present study entitled “Assessment of toxic metal status in contaminated industrial sites and their bioremediation in Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2021-2022 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan H.P. The study aims at determining the status of toxic metals in the soil of industrial sites and isolation of potential fungal strains to test their bioremediation potential at different concentrations of toxic metals. Seven toxic metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were identified from the soil samples of steel, dye and paper industries at three distances; within the industry, 50 m from the industry and 100 m from the industry in Kala-Amb (Sirmour), Baddi (Solan) and Una (Una). Four toxic metals Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were found in high concentrations in soil samples from the industries. Five strains of fungi were successfully isolated from soil samples and identified by NCMR, Pune as Penicillium commune, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma asperellum, Pencillium camemberti and Aspergillus niger. Six fungal consortia were obtained namely; Penicillium commune × Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium camemberti × Penicillium commune, Aspergillus flavus × Penicillium camemberti, Penicillium camemberti × Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma asperellum × Penicillium camemberti and Aspergillus flavus × Aspergillus niger. The bioremediation potential of identified fungi and consortia was tested in-vitro at 0ppm, 10ppm, 20ppm, 30 ppm and 40 ppm concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by studying parameters viz. radial growth rate, per cent growth inhibition, tolerance index, mycelium dry weight and biosorption of toxic metals by fungi. The maximum mean radial growth rate of 0.692 mmh-1 was exhibited by T. Asperellum for Cu; for Ni and Pb (0.692 mmh-1) by T. asperellum and P. camemberti; and for Zn (0.695 mmh-1) by T. asperellum. Maximum biosorption of 144 mgg-1 and 142 mgg-1 was exhibited by T. Asperellum for Cu and Zn, 148 mgg-1 and 135 mgg- 1 by P. Camemberti for Ni and Pb respectively. The maximum removal efficiency was exhibited by T. asperellum, for Cu (16.7 %) Ni (17.3 %), Pb (17.0 %) and Zn (19.4 %). Maximum biosorption of Cu (135 mgg- 1), Ni (147 mgg-1), Pb (151 mgg-1) and Zn (150 mgg-1) was exhibited by consortia Trichoderma asperellum × Penicillium camemberti. The consortia Trichoderma asperellum × Penicillium camemberti showed maximum removal efficiency for Cu (19.4 %), Ni (15.9 %), Pb (17.3 %) and Zn (15.9 %). Fungi T. Asperellum, P. Camemberti and consortia Trichoderma asperellum × Penicillium camemberti exhibited high radial growth rates, minimum per cent growth inhibition, high tolerance index and high biosorption capacity at all concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. From this study, it can be concluded that fungi T. asperellum, P. camemberti and consortia Trichoderma asperellum × Penicillium camemberti have high remediation potential for Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The present study also widens the scope for studying the bioremediation potential of fungal consortia for toxic metals in the futurThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PRODUCTION OF Silybum marianum L(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-10) SHIVANI; BHUPENDER DUTTABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on morphology, reproductive biology and production of Silybum marianum L.” were carried out in the experimental field as well as in the laboratory of the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2021-2022. Work done on morphological and reproductive studies of Silybum marianum showed plant to be an erect herbaceous annual herb. Stem was cylindrical, branched, hollow, spineless, glabrous and ribbed longitudinally with distinct nodes and internodes. The plant had taproot system. Leaves were simple, alternate, broad, oblanceolate and pinnately lobed with spiny edges. Leaves in a basal rosette at first and later alternates along the stem. Inflorescence, capitulum comprising of disc florets on long stalk sourrounded by thorny involucre bracts. Involucre bracts were lanceolate to ovate, spiny fringed and tipped. Flowers, bracteate, sessile, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite, epigynous. Pistil, bicarpellary, ovary inferior, unilocular with a single basal ovule. Fruits cypsela crowded with a hairy pappus. Flowering starts from Ist week of April i.e., 130 days after seed sowing. The type of dichogamy present in flower was observed protandry where anther matures first before stigma receptivity. Number of seeds per plant was found highest in selfing by bagging (641.14) as compared to open pollination (593.42) and controlled cross (170.28), respectively. In pollination studies, the species favoured selfing by bagging. Effect of different growing media on seed germination and growth parameters revealed that among ten treatments, the combination of Soil + Sand + Vermicompost + Cocopeat (1:1:1:1) resulted in early initiation of germination (9.00), minimum mean days taken to complete daily germination (21.00), maximum germination percentage (84.34 %), maximum mean daily germination (4.01 %), maximum germination energy index (41.50 %), maximum seedling root length (29.40 cm) and maximum seedling shoot length (25.26 cm). Effect of different doses of FYM and spacings on growth and yield of Silybum marianum. The results showed that 45t/ha FYM recorded maximum plant height (179.89 cm), maximum stem length (174.54), maximum number of internodes (16.15), maximum stem thickness (12.50 mm), maximum number of flowers per plant (8.57), maximum number of leaves per plant (17.97), maximum number of branches per plant (5.85), maximum weight of fresh flowering shoot (128.10 g), maximum weight of dry shoot (48.01 g), maximum seed yield per plant (15.05 g) and maximum estimated seed yield q/ha (10.01). Among different spacings, 45 x 60 cm showed maximum plant height (167.60 cm), maximum stem length (162.75 cm), maximum number of internodes (14.95), maximum stem thickness (11.35 mm), maximum number of flowers per plant (7.29), maximum number of leaves per plant (16.41), maximum number of branches per plant (4.70), maximum fresh flowering shoot weight (116.93 g), maximum dry shoot per plant (37.10 g) and maximum seed yield per plant (13.69). Maximum estimated seed yield q/ha (10.09) was recorded in 30 x 30 cm spacing.ThesisItem Open Access PATTERN OF GREEN INVESTMENT OF LOCAL PEOPLE IN NALAGARH AREA OF SOLAN DISTRICT, HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) SHIVANI; KRISHAN KUMARAbstract Green investment is of crucial importance in todays world of environmental degradation and facing threat of climate change. This devastating scenario needs to be addressed trust a range of technological and non-technological instruments. Financial instruments in terms of green investment are one of the most potential interventions of environmental and green management. The Present study was made in this direction to understand this Green investment pattern of local people in Nalagarh area of Solan District, Himachal Pradesh. Most of the people were not awared about green investment with the exception of respondent in the age group of 18-25 years. It was suggested thatGovernment should bring stable policy framework for green finance which encourages private sector to finance sustainable development programme. More numbers of green financial products should be available to investors so that they can make investment easily.There is a high scope for increasing the awareness of the youth about Green Investment.ThesisItem Open Access FOURLANE: A STUDY OF SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF NH-22 BETWEEN PARWANOO AND CHAMBAGHAT Project Report(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-01) SHIVANI; GHONKROKTA, NEENAABSTRACT The present exploratory and descriptive research based on "FOURLANE: A study of socio-economic aspects of NH-22 between Parwanoo and Chambaghat" was selected with the objective of studying the socio-economic effects of four-lane and finding out the public reaction to its effect on environment. The data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources for the analysis. The field of research is restricted to Chambaghat in Parwanoo, and sample size is 52. This study revealed that the most of the respondents were of the opinion that these changes will be beneficial in future. They realized that while they lost their properties or their land, this project will still benefit them in the long run and this will also contribute to rural growth in the years to come. Accidents are likely to be minimized by turning undivided roadways into a four-lane one.As per the respondents, there are many advantages in terms of economic growth and fast connectivity, though many people lost their agricultural land because of this initiative and their current business was also affected. Respondents were of the view that the road upgrade had created new investment opportunities for them. It would prove to be a time-saving mechanism for travelling in the near future.On the other hand, majority of respondents felt that the scenic beauty of hills had suffered irreparable loss. According to the respondents the loss of trees cannot be regained soon or in near future. Many were still deeply attached to their places and it was hard for them to move.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL AND AGRO-ECONOMIC STUDIES OF Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-10) SHIVANI; SOOD, MEENUABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Morphological and agro-economic studies of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni” were carried out in the experimental field as well as in laboratory of the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2019-2020. In the first experiment “Morphological studies of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni” was found to be perennial shrub, erect, cylindrical stem with several branches, opposite decussate leaves with ovate to elliptical lanceolate shape, having serrate margin with trichomes on the leaf surface and adventitious roots. Inflorescence was capitulum with disc floret surrounded by involucres. The flowers were hermaphrodite, sessile, pentamerous, actinomorphic and epigynous. In second experiment “The effect of plant spacings and harvesting schedules in Stevia rebaudiana”, narrow plant spacing S1 (45cm × 30 cm) gave maximum total fresh leaf yield (73.33 q/ha), total dry leaf yield (30.07 q/ha), total fresh foliage yield (130.53 q/ha), total dry foliage yield (54.45 q/ha) and B:C ratio (1.22) as compared to other spacings. In third experiment “Studies on the effect of different organic manures, fertilizers and harvesting schedules in Stevia rebaudiana”, among different treatments, vermicompost (N content equivalent to RDF) + NPK (60:45:30 kg/ha) resulted significant effect on growth and yield in two harvests. All the treatments viz. RDF (60:45:30 kg/ha), FYM (N content equivalent to RDF), Vermicompost (N content equivalent to RDF), Jeevamrit (N content equivalent to RDF), Panchagavya (N content equivalent to RDF), FYM (N content equivalent to RDF) + NPK ( 60:45:30 kg/ha) and Vermicompost (N content equivalent to RDF) + NPK (60:45:30 kg/ha) perform better as compared to control. Highest total fresh leaf yield (91.67 q/ha), total dry leaf yield (31.77 q/ha), total fresh foliage yield (169.49 q/ha) and total dry foliage yield (63.55 q/ha) with B:C ratio (1.09) were observed in treatment combinations vermicompost (N content equivalent to RDF) + NPK (60:45:30 kg/ha) but the highest B:C ratio (1.11) was observed in integrated nutrient management of FYM (N content equivalent to RDF) + NPK ( 60:45:30 kg/ha) with economic dry leaf yield (29.65 q/ha).ThesisItem Open Access TO STUDY BIOREMEDIATION AND TOXICITY OF LEAD AND ARSENIC THROUGH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC AND ANTAGONISTIC FUNGI(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-11) SHIVANI; SOOD, ANILABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “To study bioremediation and toxicity of Lead and Arsenic through entomopathogenic and antagonistic fungi” was conducted during 2017-2018 in the Department of Environmental Science, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni Solan H.P. The study comprised of 4 fungal strains viz. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (entomopathogenic fungi) and Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum (antagonistic fungi) which were tested for their toxicity and bioremediation for lead and arsenic (heavy metals). The cultures of these fungi were maintained under laboratory conditions in the B.O.D incubator at 25±10C. The effect of different doses of lead and arsenic on various fungal parameters such as radial growth, per cent growth inhibition, mycelium dry weight, germination of spores and reduction potential of fungi and heavy metal uptake by fungal mycelia was studied. The whole experiment was replicated thrice in CRD. Significantly maximum mean radial growth (0.98 mmh-1) was observed in A. niger at 0 ppm for Pb while it was 0.73 mmh-1 for As in T. harzianum at 0 ppm. The mean radial growth decreased with increase in concentrations of Pb and As from 0 to 10 ppm. At 10 ppm concentration M. anisopliae showed maximum per cent growth inhibition of 50.96 per cent and 73.33 per cent for Pb and As, respectively. With increase in concentration of Pb and As per cent growth inhibition also increased for each fungi. The dry weight of A. niger and T. harzianum was higher than other fungi i.e. 283.33 mg and 240.00 mg for Pb and As respectively at 0 ppm concentration. Mycelium dry weight decreased with increase in concentration of both the heavy metals. Spore germination percentage and reduction potential for all the fungi under two doses (1×103 spores/ml and 1×105spores/ml) was recorded against both the heavy metals (Pb and As). In all the fungi per cent spore germination decreased with increase in the concentration of Pb and As while reduction potential increased with increase in concentration of Pb and As, respectively from 0 to 10 ppm. The spore germination percentage in the presence of Pb and As was in the order of T. harzianum > A. niger > M. anisopliae > B. bassiana. Maximum Pb uptake was recorded for B. bassiana at 10 ppm (0.30 mg/g). The order of fungi with respect to Pb uptake was B. bassiana > T. harzianum > A. niger > M. anisopliae. Maximum As uptake was recorded for T. harzianum at 10 ppm (0.324 mg/g). The order of fungi with respect to As uptake was T. harzianum > A. niger > B. bassiana > M. anisopliae. From the study it can be concluded that though the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana had low radial growth, high per cent growth inhibition and low spore germination at 10 ppm concentration of Pb but it had maximum Pb uptake among all the fungi and could be used for remediation of low levels of Pb (<10 ppm). Whereas, antagonistic fungus T. harzianum had highest radial growth, lowest per cent growth inhibition, highest spore germination and maximum uptake of As and could be used in remediation of low As (<10 ppm). The present studies also widens the scope for studying the effect of higher concentrations of heavy metals in future to confirm the survival and bioremediation ability of these fungi.