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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access MAIZE FLOUR BASED BAKERY PRODUCTS(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-12) SHARMA, ANKITA; VAIDYA, DEVINAABSTRACT The present study entitled “Maize flour based bakery products” was conducted in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Cereal grains are good source of carbohydrates and energy. Maize is gluten free nutritious grain rich in antioxidants and total phenols but not well utilized by the food industry for the development of bakery products. The present study was conducted with the prime objective to develop maize flour based muffin pre-mix, muffin, waffle pre-mix and waffle from Kanchan and Local variety of maize. Muffin prepared from 100 per cent Kanchan variety maize flour was recorded with crude fiber as 3.59 per cent, total phenols as 33.97 mg/100g, and antioxidant activity as 28.82 per cent. Similarly, muffin prepared from Local variety maize was observed with fiber as 2.91 per cent, total phenols as 41.00 mg/100g, and antioxidant activity as 32.01 per cent. Muffins can be stored upto 6 days under accelerated storage conditions (37±20C) with significant changes and upto 10 days under refrigerated conditions and muffin pre-mix can be stored upto 21 days in both accelerated and refrigerated storage conditions. Waffle prepared from 100 per cent maize flour from Kanchan variety flour recorded a crude fiber content of 3.66 per cent, total phenols as 40.17 mg/100g, and antioxidant activity as 33.85 per cent. Similarly, waffle prepared from Local variety was recorded with good amount of crude fiber (2.69 %), total phenols (50.21 mg/100g), and antioxidant activity (35.74 %), which can be stored up to 9 days at accelerated storage conditions and up to 15 days under refrigerated storage conditions. Thus, the study concluded that utilization of maize for the development of different food products support the possibility of developing bakery product with an excellent nutritional profile and quality, which would raise the farmer’s income, apart from providing health benefits to the population.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ANNEXIN GENE FAMILY FROM SOLANACEOUS VEGETABLES(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) SHARMA, ANKITA; NATH, AMARJIT K.ABSTRACT Heat stress leads to adverse effect on Potato cultivation affecting the tuberization and the bulking process. Being a signaling molecule, it is hypothesized that annexins might play important role in tuberization under heat stress condition. Ten annexins from potato and 13 annexins from tomato were identified using bioinformatics tool. Annexin gene proteins from potato and tomato were found to have an average molecular weight of 36kDa. Both potato and tomato annexins showed differential location of the annexin genes on 12 chromosomes. Expression profiling of Potato annexin genes under heat stress conditions revealed strong up-regulation of annexins in heat tolerant potato cultivar Kufri Surya as compared to susceptible one i.e Kufri Chandramukhi indicating their role as key signaling molecule under heat stress conditions. The annexin gene StAnn1 showed a uniform pattern of elevated gene expression in both leaves and stolon under heat stress throughout the developmental stage of potato cultivar KS as compared to potato cultivar KCM. Significant increase in peroxidase, anthocyanin and proline content was observed in heat tolerant cultivar Kufri Surya on different intervals of exposure to heat stress. The content of MDA was significantly less in Kufri Surya as compared to Kufri Chandramukhi indicating much less membrane damage in the tolerant potato cultivar KS. The annexin gene StAnn1 was isolated and cloned from Kufri Surya and over expressed in heat susceptible cultivar Kufri Chandramukhi for exploiting its potential for providing heat stress tolerance in other susceptible potato cultivars. Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation protocol was standardized for potato cultivar Kufri Chandramukhi where selective MS medium with composition containing IAA 0.042mg/L, GA33.0 mg/L, Zeatin 3.0 mg/L, NAA 0.008 mg/L, Kan 50 mg/L, Carb 250 mg/L, Cefo 100 mg/L showed maximum percentage of callus formation i.e 76 % and shoot regeneration. The best rooting was observed on selective root regeneration MS medium containing 50mg/L Kan and 0.3mg/L IAA. On exposure to in vitro salt stress, transgenic KCM plants expressing StAnn1 annexin gene, phenotypically showed better tolerance as compared to the control plants depicting its potential in providing tolerance to other abiotic stress also. A decline in number of roots, nodes/plant and plant height was observed in control shoots as compared to putative transgenic shoots.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMPORTANT HORTICULTURAL TRAITS AND RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT IN GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L)(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-05) SHARMA, ANKITA; RAMESH, KUMARABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on important horticultural traits and resistance to Fusarium wilt in garden pea (Pisum sativum L)” was carried out at the Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) and Vegetable Research Station, Kalpa, District Kinnaur during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Six diverse genotypes of garden pea viz., Arkel, Matar Ageta-6, VRP-6, PM-2, VL-7 and IC-199303 (resistant to Fusarium wilt) were crossed in a half diallel design excluding reciprocals to produce 15 F1’s. Each F1 was selfed to produce F2 generation. For studying inheritance of Fusarium wilt, backcrosses of two crosses viz., Arkel × IC-199303 and Matar Ageta-6 × IC-199303 were also produced. All parents, F1’s, F2’s, B1’s and B2’s were evaluated during autumn-winter season, 2016 in randomized complete block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on node at which the first flower appeared, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to marketable maturity, plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), pod width (cm), number of seeds per pod, shelling percentage (%), pod yield per plant (g) and per hectare (q), total soluble solids (°B) and total phenols (mg/100g). The inheritance of Fusarium wilt disease was also studied by observing segregation pattern of different generations (F2, B1 and B2) using chi-square analysis. On the basis of overall performance of the parents and crosses for mean value, heterosis and other genetic parameters parents VRP-6 and Arkel and crosses Arkel × VRP-6, Matar Ageta-6 × VRP-6 and Arkel × PM-2 performed well for majority of yield and yield contributing traits. These crosses may be helpful in isolating transgressive segregants for further improvement in garden pea. Chi-square analysis further determined the ratio of resistance and susceptibility in F1 and backcrosses to resistant parent 1 (resistant) : 0 (susceptible), while the F2 segregated in the ratio of 3 (resistant) : 1 (susceptible) and backcrosses to susceptible parent in 1 (resistant) : 1 (susceptible) ratio approximately in both the crosses, confirmed that resistance to Fusarium wilt in pea is governed by single dominant gene.ThesisItem Open Access BIOPROSPECTING OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZING BACTERIA AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) SHARMA, ANKITA; SHIRKOT, POONAMABSTRACT The synthesis of nanostructured materials, especially metallic nanoparticles, has accrued utmost interest over the past decade owing to their unique properties that make them applicable in different fields of science and technology. The biological method of nanoparticles synthesis is a relatively simple, cheap and environmentally friendly method than the conventional chemical and physical methods of synthesis. Therefore, isolation and identification of bacteria with ability of silver nanoparticles synthesis from natural sources is very important in terms of discovering new industrial products. Keeping in view, a silver mine located at Uchich village of Pulga valley, apple orchards located in Chong village and two hot water springs located in Manikaran and Vashisth in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh were selected as a source for new silver nanoparticles synthesizing bacteria. Therefore, aim of present study was the isolation and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesizing bacteria from these sites for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles followed by applications of these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles to control various plant pathogens, textile dye degradation, phytotoxicity study and pesticide degradation. A total of 106 putative silver nanoparticles synthesizing bacterial isolates were obtained from 45 samples collected from different selected sites. Thirty bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of their ability to show maximum silver nanoparticles synthesizing activity which were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Four bacterial isolates exhibiting maximum silver nanoparticles synthesizing activity viz., UMAS1, UMBS1.1, UMBP1 and UMBP2 were selected for further, molecular characterization using 16S rrna gene technology. In silico analysis of 16S rrna gene sequences led to identification of these bacterial isolates and all the four were found to belong to genus Bacillus and were identified as Bacillus siralis strain UMAS1, Bacillus siralis strain UMBS1.1, Bacillus algicola strain UMBP1 and Bacillus tianmuensis strain UMBP2. On the basis of maximum silver nanoparticles synthesizing activity Bacillus siralis strain UMBS1.1 was selected for in vitro biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Maximum silver nanoparticles synthesis was achieved at 60°C, pH: 8.0 and after 24 hrs of incubation with 3.0mM silver nitrate, 3.0 % tryptone, 3.0 % yeast extract and 2.0% inoculum size. Central Composite Design was used to determine the optimal values of incubation time (A), incubation temperature (B), pH (C), tryptone concentration (D) and yeast extract concentration (E). The highest activity was obtained from Run number-22, which consisted of incubation time of 46.0 hrs; incubation temperature of 36.5°C; pH 8.5, 3g/l tryptone and 3g/l yeast extract leading to 16.06 fold increase in silver nanoparticles activity. In vitro biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using optimum conditions which were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays diffractions (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In the present study, ability of silver nanoparticles and bacterial culture preparation of Bacillus siralis strain UMBS1.1 was assessed for degradation of eight textile dyes produced significant results. Both Bacillus siralis strain UMBS1.1 culture preparation as well as silver nanoparticles has significant potential for use in the detoxification of eight textile dyes and for treating textile waste waters including water recycling. Silver nanoparticles and bacterial culture preparation were also found to inhibit various fungal and bacterial pathogens under in vitro conditions appreciably. Silver nanoparticles and Bacillus siralis strain UMBS1.1 culture preparation were also found to degrade chloropyrifos significantlyThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) SHARMA, ANKITA; MANISH, KUMARABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on genetic divergence in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)” was carried out at the Research Farm, Departmentof Vegetable Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during Kharif, 2013 to evaluate germplasm of bell pepper and to study variability, heritability, correlation and path analysis of different characters along with estimation of genetic divergence among genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. In this study, thirty five genotypes including three check cultivars were evaluated for different horticultural traits. The observations were recorded on days to first flowering, days to first marketable picking, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit breadth (cm), average fruit weight (g), pericarp thickness (mm), plant height (cm), harvest duration (days), number of seeds per fruit, number of lobes per fruit, ascorbic acid content (mg/100g), capsaicin content (mg/g), fruit yield (kg/plant, kg/plot and q/ha), Phythophthora fruit rot incidence (%) and Phytophthora leaf blight severity (%). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters under study. The genotype DARL-72 gave higher yield and performed better for other important horticultural traits over all the checks and also showed tolerance to Phytophthora leaf blight and fruit rotdisease. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was obtained for fruit yield. Hence, selectioncan prove effective for improvement in fruit yield. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic gain was obtained for number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and pericarp thickness indicating some scope for their improvement through selection. A highly significant and positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation of yield was found with number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit breadth, average fruit weight, pericarp thickness, plant height, harvest duration and number of lobes per fruit. Maximum positive direct effect towards yield were contributed by number of fruits per plant, followed by average fruit weight and pericarp thickness. In the present investigations the cluster III and IV were found most divergent and there will be more chances of getting better segregants in F 2and subsequent generations from the crossing of genotypes between cluster III and IV.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PROTEASE INHIBITOR IN GERMINATED HORSEGRAM (Dolichos biflorus L.) SEEDS(2015) SHARMA, ANKITA; NATH, AMARJEET K.ABSTRACT Protease inhibitors present in seeds of leguminous plants possess strong inhibitory activity against trypsin and confer resistance against pests and microbes. Trypsin inhibitor from cotyledons of 24 hours soaked seeds of Dolichos biflorus L. cultivar HPK5 showed highest activity in distilled water (pH 7.0) in 3 hours of extraction time. The inhibitor activity was found to decrease gradually with increase in germination period. Decrease in the intensity and number of bands on native PAGE at different stages of seed germination indicated the reduction of soluble protein content with increasing germination period. Partially purified inhibitor protein from Sephadex G-50 was characterized. Linear increase in per cent inhibition with increase in inhibitor concentration was observed till 72 %. The inhibitor protein was found to be thermostable and retained 98 % activity of control at 100 оC. It had pH optima of 7.5. The inhibitor lost its activity on incubation with varying concentrations of DTT thereby indicating the role of disulfide linkages in maintaining its stability and three dimensional structures. Trypsin inhibitor was further partially purified to 3.83 fold with 78.5 per cent recovery by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column. It exhibited competitive inhibition pattern and showed stability on incubation with urea even at high temperature (97 оC). However, it lost its stability on incubation with 0.6 N HCl at 37 оC and 97 оC. Partially purified inhibitor protein (6.17mg) inhibited the growth of fungus Alternaria spp. to 70 %. It also inhibited the growth of bacterium Ralstonia solanacerum. This study signifies the antimicrobial potential of Dolichos biflorus L. cultivar HPK5 which might be exploited for crop protection programmes.ThesisItem Open Access BIOPROSPECTING OF THERMOTOLERANT BACTERIA FROM HOT WATER SPRINGS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH FOR PRODUCTION OF THERMOSTABLE LIPASE ENZYME(2013) SHARMA, ANKITA; SHIRKOT, POONAMABSTRACT Thermophiles are the organisms which are adapted to live at high temperatures. The survival of these organisms at high temperature is possible due to the thermostability of their enzymes. Many thermostable enzymes such as Taq DNA polymerase, aldolase, amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase, RNA polymerase etc. find a number of commercial applications because of their thermostability. Therefore, the isolation of thermophilic bacteria from natural sources and their identification is very important in terms of discovering new industrial enzymes. Keeping in view, hot water springs of Himachal Pradesh could serve as a good source for new thermophilic microorganisms with novel industrially important properties. Therefore aim of the present study was the isolation and characterization of thermotolerant bacteria from hot water springs of Himachal Pradesh for production of thermostable lipase enzyme. Four hot water springs viz., Manikaran, Vashisht, Khirganga and Tattapani were purposely selected for the present studies. Samples consisting of soil, water, rock matting and pebbles were collected from each hot water spring. The pH and temperature of the four thermal springs were ranged from 4.1-6.0 and 51-105oC respectively. The chloride, sulphate, total hardness, calcium hardness, CaCO3 hardness and magnesium content ranged from 490-2673, 12-50, 147-483, 30.0-144.2, 65-264 and 7.53-26.73 mg/l respectively. Forty four bacterial isolates were isolated from the samples using tributyrin medium. All the bacterial isolates were studied for various morphological characters and on the basis of ability of formation of zone of clearance on tributyrin medium, forty two bacterial isolates were selected, which were further investigated for biochemical characters. Quantitative screening was done to select one bacterial isolate showing maximum thermostable lipase activity and MBW2 bacterial isolate was found to show maximum thermostable lipase activity of 4.83 U/ml and was thus selected further for molecular characterization. Genomic DNA was isolated from the selected bacterial isolate MBW2. PCR amplification of the isolated DNA was carried out using universal primers for 16S rDNA gene and an amplicon of 1250 bp was obtained. Sequencing of the PCR product was done using same primers. Sequence of the MBW2 bacterial isolate so obtained was found to be 769 bp. In silico analysis using BLASTn showed 99% homology of the query sequence with Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain L420-91. A total of 25 sequences were mined and these sequences were used to compare the 16S rDNA sequence of the test isolate MBW2. Alignment score was highest for Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain L420-91 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence (NR_029303.1). Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences using NJ method was achieved via phylip 3.68 and EXOMETM HORIZON. Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain MBW2 was studied further for enzymatic studies. Optimization of culture conditions for growth and thermostable lipase activity of isolate Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain MBW2 was carried out. The crude extracellular extract was produced using optimized conditions and further partially purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. The procedure yielded 32.5 g protein with 1.17 fold purification with a percent yield 53.02%. Molecular weight of the partially purified enzyme was found to be 42.5 kDa using SDS-PAGE gel.