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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Author: DIKSHA DEVI × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2024 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGEN(S) AND EVALUATION OF NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL METHODS IN HIVE BEES
    (UHF Nauni, 2024-02-21) DIKSHA DEVI; Meena Thakur
    The present investigation entitled Studies on molecular characterization of bacterial pathogen(s) and evaluation of non-chemical control methods was conducted during the year 2021-23 in the Department of Entomology, Dr. YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The per cent infection of bacterial diseases in Apis mellifera varied from 0.00-30.15 and 0.00-60.00 in Himachal Pradesh, 0.00- 15.00 and 0.00-5.71 in Punjab and 0.00-6.67 and 0.00-10.00 in Haryana, respectively during the year 2021 and 2022. The per cent infection of bacterial diseases in A. cerana varied from 0.00-40.00 and 0.00-60.00 in Himachal Pradesh during 2021 and 2022, respectively, no A. cerana apiaries were maintained in Punjab and Haryana. In A. mellifera apiaries, diseased larvae were found in 10, 9 and 3 apiaries during rainy, summer and winter season. Whereas, in A. cerana apiaries disease was found only in 2 apiaries during summer season and 3 apiaries during rainy season. The bacterial load (Log CFU/g) and diversity (aerobic and anaerobic) was found statistically higher in rainy season. Based on morphological, biochemical and pathogenicity tests, a total of 26, 10 aerobic and 20, 7 anaerobic bacteria were isolated from A. mellifera and A. cerana diseased larvae, respectively. In in-vitro pathogenicity assay, 17 bacterial isolates showed diseased symptoms in healthy A. mellifera larvae and were identified as a proved bacterial pathogen for hive bees. In-vivo pathogenicity studies revealed that A. mellifera larvae inoculated with K. rosea (MKiSAN1), L. fusiformis (CKRAJ9), A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (MSiSAN3), E. mexicanum (MKRAN3) and P. aeruginosa (MSoSAY1) had highest per cent mortality of 76.00, 72.00, 68.00, 64.00 and 56.00 per cent, respectively. The selected 13 probiotic isolates obtained from A. mellifera, possessing probiotic potential (above 70%) were identified as Morganella morganii subsp. morganii HMN1 (89.33%), Pusillimonas gingsengoli HMN2 (82.67%), Proteus mirabilis HMN4 (76.00%), Bacillus safensis subsp. safensis HMN5 (81.33%), Pantoea pleuroti HMN7 (73.33%), B. stercoris HMN8 (80.00%), B. paralicheniformis HMN12 (45.33%), B. safensis HMN19 (72.00%), Alcaligenes faecalis HMN24 (80.00%), Staphylococcus equorum HMM1 (89.33%), Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis HMM6 (100.00%), L. pentosus HMM8 (97.32%) and S. caprae HMM9 (90.67%) and 9 from A. cerana were identified as Bacillus stercoris HCN2 (92.00%), Enterococcus mundtii HCN5 (78.67%), E. caseliflavus HCN6 (92.00%), B. safensis HCN8 (74.67%), B. paralicheniformis HCN10 (77.33%), Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus HCN11 (81.33%), A. faecalis subsp. phenolicus HCN12 (96.00%), B. safensis subsp. safensis HCN15 (93.33%) and Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis HCM2 (100.00%). In in-vitro studies, L. argentoratensis HMM6 (0.48 mm @ 125 μL MIC), L. pentosus HMM8 (0.36 mm @ 150 μL MIC) and S. caprae HMM9 (0.36 mm @ 175 μL MIC) had good inhibition effect against almost all the pathogens tested even at lower concentration. Neem oil and neem extract had inhibition zone of 1.24 and 0.32 mm at 20 per cent. In-vivo management studies indicated statistically minimum per cent infection (26.15%) due to use of L. argentoratensis HMM6, with minimum per cent infection (32.85%) for P. aeruginosa. In-vitro and in-vivo non-chemical management practices revealed L. argentoratensis (HMM6) and L. pentosus (HMM8) as most effective treatment against bacterial pathogens. The presence of previously recorded pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius could not be confirmed in the present study though Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Serratia fonticola, Exiguobacterium profundum and Kocuria rosea were reported to cause similar symptoms under both in-vitro and in-vivo condition on healthy larvae of A. mellifera. The status of these proved pathogens in hive bees and the disease they cause need to be further confirmed and designation for the diseases is required.