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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY IN WILD POPULATIONS OF Moringa oleifera Lam. (DRUMSTICK TREE) IN NORTH-WEST INDIA(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-12-04) MOHIT KUNDAL; HARI PAL SANKHYANABSTRACT The present study entitled “Genetic diversity in wild populations of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick tree) in north-west India” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources of Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2020-23. This investigation was conducted in seven locations in four states/UTs, viz., Samba (Jammu and Kashmir), Dunera (Punjab), Vikasnagar (Uttarakhand), Lamlehri (Himachal Pradesh), Tirla (Himachal Pradesh), Siswa Dam (Punjab) and Morni Hills (Haryana) ranging from 351-549 amsl. Four major experiments were conducted, viz., survey and selection of wild genotypes, morphological variation in selected half-sib progenies, identifying best progenies having superior nutritive values and genetic diversity of mother trees using SSR markers. The mother trees varied significantly in qualitative, morphological, nutritive and molecular levels. Progeny P35 showed highest values for plant height and fresh shoot weight, P7 for number of leaves, total amino acids, N, S and Zn, P30 for leaf area and fresh shoot weight, P19 for ether extract, P3 for crude fiber, P22 for ash content, P and Mn, P34 for collar diameter and nitrogen free extract, P29 for K, P20 for Ca, P16 for Mg, P18 for Fe and P14 for Cu content. High heritability pooled with high genetic gain was observed for germination percentage; plant height and total fresh biomass, ether extract, crude fiber, P, Zn, S, Fe and Mn. Correlation coefficients, path coefficient and principle component analysis exhibited high variability among progenies. Genetic diversity of mother trees was assessed using SSR markers. Sixteen out of 20 SSR markers gave amplification of which all 16 markers gave polymorphism. On average, 3.75 alleles/per SSR were amplified in each mother tree. The overall similarity coefficient was 0.82 where M1 and M3 were distantly related.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN SEED AND SEEDLING TRAIT OF CANDIDATE PLUS TREES OF Acacia catechu WILLD.(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-09-27) OSHMI PANJORIA; DUSHYANT KUMAR SHARMAABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Variability and genetic divergence studies in seed and genetic divergence of candidate plus trees of Acacia catechu Willd.” was carried out to evaluate variation among twenty candidate plus trees at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri Hamirpur (H.P). Twenty candidate plus tress (CPTs) of Acacia catechu were selected from two districts of Himachal Pradesh namely, Una and Hamirpur (10 CPTs from each district). The experiment was laid out in a CRD with three replications. One year old seedlings were observed and analysed for growth and genetic parameters. Significant difference was found among all the CPTs with respect to pod, seeds and nursery growth parameters. CPT 1 (Khaggal) recorded maximum values for pod length, pod width, pod thickness. CPT 2 (Neri) recorded maximum number of seeds per pod. CPT 12 (Thanakalan) recorded maximum values for seed length, seed width, seed thickness, 100 seed weight, germination percentage. CPT 10 (Kashmir) recorded maximum fresh root shoot ratio whereas, CPT 1 (Khaggal) recorded maximum dry root shoot ratio. CPT 8 (Kamlah) performed better than all other varieties for seedling height and collar diameter. CPT 1 (Khaggal), CPT 8 (Kamlah) and CPT 20 (Baruhi) showed outstanding performance for growth and biomass traits. Heritability value was recorded high to moderate for all the traits. In correlation coefficient studies significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation was observed for majority of the characters. Magnitude of genotypic correlation coefficient was found higher than phenotypic correlation coefficient. Divergence (D2) studies indicated remarkable diversity among twenty candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Acacia catechu Willd. Based on analysis of genetic divergence, four clusters were formed with maximum number of CPTs (11) falling under cluster I. The findings of present study revealed that the selection of suitable CPTs based on their growth performance will further help in tree improvement programs.ThesisItem Open Access SEED SOURCE VARIATION IN Phyllanthus emblica Linn. of HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-09-27) POOJA SHARMA; ANITA KUMARIABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Seed source variation in Phyllanthus emblica Linn. of Himachal Pradesh’’ was confined to 12 populations distributed in Hamirpur, Kangra, Bilaspur and Mandi regions of Himachal Pradesh. From each population 5 mother trees were further selected. 60 mother trees were selected for the study. Variations in fruit, stone, pulp and seedling traits were studied by collecting fruits of this species in the month of December 2022. There was large variation in tree phenotypic characters, fruit, stone and pulp traits. Kathal population recorded maximum tree height and Rangas population had maximum tree girth. The maximum fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit weight, stone length, stone breadth, pulp weight, pulp thickness, seedling height, shoot length and leaf area was recorded in Rangas population. While, collar diameter and leaf number were recorded maximum in Khaggal population. Germination percent i.e., desirable trait in tree breeding was recorded maximum for Rangas population in Hamirpur district. PC 1 showed highest fruit, stone and pulp characteristics accounting for 62.82 % followed by PC2 and PC 3. PC 1 showed highest variation for seedling trait accounting for 82.93 %. In cluster analysis, cluster V, VI and VII contains maximum value for genotypes with the desirable characters. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis suggested a population-based tendency of grouping in genotype for scientific study of germplasm. Overall, the populations of Rangas (Hamirpur), Khaggal (Hamirpur) and Kathal (Kangra) were found best suitable as seed sources of P. emblica.ThesisItem Open Access PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF Salix tetrasperma Roxb(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-07-14) GAURI MAHAJAN; JAI PAL SHARMAABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Phenological behaviour and reproductive biology of Salix tetrasperma Roxb.” was carried out in the experimental field as well as in the laboratory of the department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources of Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2021-23. Phenological and reproductive study conducted in the experimental field and laboratory revealed that significant variation was observed among the genotypes as well as the site of collection of Salix tetrasperma for both vegetative and reproductive characters. Maximum duration for vegetative bud swell in spring 2022, vegetative bud burst in spring 2023, reproductive bud swell, reproductive bud burst was recorded in CH1 (29.00 days), BN6 (16.00 days), CN3 (37.00 days) and JA4 (25.67 days), respectively. Maximum duration for 50 per cent and complete leaf shedding was recorded in genotype RN3 (42 days and 78.67 days, respectively). The maximum number of leafy days (348.33) was found in RN3 whereas minimum was found in genotype DE5 (292.00). Maximum duration for flowering per branch was recorded in the genotype RN3 (14.33 days) while minimum was recorded in CW2 (5.33 days). Maximum pollen viability was recorded for genotype RN1 (96.43 %) whereas minimum was recorded in TD3 (83.30 %). Maximum pollen germination percentage (75.59 %) was recorded for site Rupnagar whereas minimum (66.28 %) recorded in site Tandi. Genotypes from Punjab flowered twice a year i.e in the month of October (2022) and February (2023). All the characters showed the negative correlation with the latitude and altitude of the collection site except reproductive bud swell duration, vegetative bud burst in 2023 and vegetative bud swell in spring 2022 with the latitude and reproductive bud burst duration with the altitude of the collection sites which indicates the adaptiveness of these characters towards collection sites.ThesisItem Open Access SEED SOURCE VARIATION IN TREE MORPHOLOGY AND OIL QUALITY OF Prunus armeniaca L.(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-09-19) SWATI; HP SANKHYANABSTRACT The present study entitled “Seed source variation in tree morphology and oil quality of Prunus armeniaca L.” aimed to assess the variation in genotypes of wild apricot for different morphological traits and oil quality attributes along the altitudinal gradient. A total of 45 healthy and phenotypically superior genotypes of wild apricot were selected from nine sites in Kinnaur District and Spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh during the years 2021-2023. The findings of the study revealed that significant variations were observed for morphological traits, fruit characters and oil parameters among genotypes, sites and altitudinal zones. Site-wise analysis of pooled data showed that S1(Nichar) was accounted for as having maximum values for leaf width, leaf area, petiole length and stone weight (for stone weight value was at par with S5). S2 (Katgaon) was recorded to have the highest pulp-stone ratio and volume of fruit traits. S3 (Chagaon) was noted to have the maximum values for leaf length, fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit eight, pulp weight, and specific gravity. S4 (Kanai) had the largest flower size. S6 (Pooh) was identified to have the greatest values for kernel length and kernel breadth. S7 (Chango) had maximum100 kernel weight and was on par with S6 for kernel breadth. 100 seed (stone) was observed maximum at S8 (Poh). Among the three zones A1(2000-2500 m) was found best for traits like leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, petiole length, fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit weight, pulp weight, stone weight, pulp: stone, volume and 100 kernel weight whereas A2 (2500–3000 m) had maximum values for flower size (flower length and flower breadth) and Kernel length. A3 (3000–3500 m) exhibited higher values for Specific gravity of fruits, 100 seed (stone) weight, and kernel breadth. The highest mean values for oil content percentage, Specific gravity, and Refractive index were recorded in Altitudinal zones A3 (45.60%), A2 and A3 (0.914667) and A2 (1.4726) respectively. Altitudinal zone A3 was observed to have maximum values for all the chemical characteristics of oil, i.e., Acid value (2.54), Saponification value (190.80), and unsaponifiable matter (0.80%). Further, these superior genotypes could be used to raise progenies with desired attributes and deoiled cakes for cow feed, potentially creating new opportunities in the industry and increasing a farmer's or grower's total revenue.ThesisItem Open Access REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF Prunus cerasoides D. Don(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-09-23) SUGANDHI CHAUHAN; JAI PAL SHARMAABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Reproductive biology of Prunus cerasoides D. Don” was carried out at two sites i.e., Daro (S1) and Nauni (S2) located in district Sirmour and Solan during the year 2022 and 2023 and the vegetative propagation of Prunus cerasoides D. Don was conducted at the experimental field of department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, College of Forestry, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during the year 2023. The earlier phenological and floral biology parameters including vegetative and reproductive characters were observed at site Nauni than site Daro. Days counted at site Daro to complete all the vegetative and reproductive characters were more than the site Nauni. The flower buds were observed and categorized into the seven distinct stages on the basis of their size during the period of their development, similarly, leaves were observed and categorized into seven distinct stages on the basis of their length and width. The leaves of site Daro were shorter in length and width than site Nauni in observed leaf development stages, whereas, the petiole length was more at site Daro than Nauni. The floral buds of site Daro were more in length at all the observed floral bud development stages than site Nauni. The anthesis was observed between 6.00 am to 6.00 pm and the peak anthesis was recorded between 12:00 noon to 2:00 pm at both the sites. The stem cuttings planted during the winter month showed an encouraging sprouting per cent but could not be supported by sufficient rooting, whereas, the stem cuttings planted under shade net had better survival per cent than inside the glass house conditions.ThesisItem Open Access PROVENANCE VARIATION IN Ulmus villosa BRANDIS(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-06-21) MAST RAM NEGI; TARA GUPTAABSTRACT The present research entitled “Provenance Variation in Ulmus villosa Brandis” was carried out during 2022-22 in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The study was carried out from naturally population of Ulmus villosa Brandis in the four valleys of Himachal Pradesh viz., Balh, Kullu, Pabber and Kinnaur valley. For the present study, field survey was carried out and Randomized Block Design (RBD) and completely Randomized Design (CRD) were used to analyse the data. Jadh provenance showed maximum tree height (31.06 m) crown spread (13.91 m) whereas Nichar provenance showed maximum clear bole height (3.10 m) and crown area (35.80 m2). Trees and shrubs grown as associates with Ulmus villosa were counted and 19 woody species were recorded. Jhidi provenance of Kullu valley excelled for percent for regeneration success (3.75%). Seed germination percentage was maximum in P3 (90) whereas maximum seedling survival percentage was observed in P1 (86.40). On the basis of progeny performances most of the provenances showed significant variability for height, collar diameter and number of branches, number of leaves and leaf length. In case of heartwood, maximum specific gravity (0.66) was observed in P6 (Nichar) and P5 (Jagoti). Among different provenances, maximum percentage cold water extractives (6.18) was observed in P2 Jugahan) and maximum percentage of hot water extractives (8.76) was recorded in P5 (Jagoti), which was at par with other 3 provenances namely P6 (Nichar) P4 (Andhra) P3 (Jhidi). Maximum percentage alcohol-benzene extractives was recorded from P5 (Jagoti), whereas holocellulose content was highest (71.42) in P1 (Jadh) provenance. Maximum percentage of lignin content was registered from P6 (Nichar). Heritability (broad sense) (0.84) and genetic gain (21.07%) was estimated maximum for collar diameter. Genetic advance was estimated for seedling height (23.69). The nursery growth characters namely and seedling height were significantly correlated with collar diameter and leaf length. The information obtained from provenance evaluations can frame the basis for further tree improvement programme on Ulmus villosa BrandisThesisItem Open Access MORPHOGENETIC VARIATION FOR LEAF FODDER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN POPULATIONS OF Grewia optiva DRUMMOND(2023-08-25) JYOTI DHIMAN; HARI PAL SANKHYANABSTRACT The present investigation, entitled "Morphogenetic variation for leaf fodder quality parameters in populations of Grewia optiva Drummond" was conducted during 2020–2023 in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, College of Forestry, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). This investigation was conducted in the four altitudinal ranges (400 to 800 m (A1), 801–1200 m (A2), 1201–1600 m (A3), and 1601-2000 m (A4) above mean sea level (a msl)) of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Four major experiments were conducted viz., morphological and genetic diversity of Grewia optiva Drummond, physiochemical properties of soil, variation in fodder quality characteristics and molecular markerbased analysis of the best studied material of this species. All physiochemical soil properties declined as soil depth increased from 0 to 15 cm to 15 to 30 cm, with the exception of bulk density and particle density. The proportions of soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen and soil porosity increased from A1 to A4 altitudinal zone. Based on useful and desired characteristics of both morphometric and fodder quality parameters six populations, i.e., Harsar, Sujanpur Tihra, Sihunta, Kutuldi, Jagdhar and Sangrah and altitudinal zone A4 (1600-2000m) reported as best for further selection and tree breeding program. These populations reported with more than 23 per cent crude protein. Variability estimates, genetic parameters, correlation and divergence studies exhibited high variability between and among populations. 15 genotypes DH1 (Dharot 1), DH2 (Dharot 2), DH4 (Dharot 4), HR1 (Harasar 1), ST1 (Sujanpur Tihra 1), DR1 (Dramman 1), DR2 (Dramman 2), NR4 (Neri 4), DA3 (Daggar 4), BA3 (Basal 3), KU1 (Kutuldi), SI2 (Sihunta 2), SI3 (Sihunta 3), KT1 (Kuthar 1) and KT2 (Kuthar 2)) were identified based on seedling growth and fodder quality characteristics at 18 months old seedlings. Only two of the 10 ISSR primers, i.e., UBC 809 and UBC 820 were amplified and generated a banded pattern. Maximum variation was observed in the progeny of the DA3 (Daggar) and DH2 (Dharot) genotypes. Morphological and genetic variation can be used to select suitable genotypes in accordance with the domestication process of this important multipurpose species, to develop further hybridization work and for mass multiplication of selected superior nutritive selectionsThesisItem Open Access SCREENING OF MORPHOVARIANTS AND PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees. IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-10-03) SHREISHTHA SINGH; H P SANKHYANABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Screening of morphovariants and propagation techniques in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees in Himachal Pradesh“ was conducted at the experimental field of the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, College of Forestry, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,Solan (H.P) during the years 2019-2023. Twelve Maggar bans populations were selected according to flowering cycle and morphometric traits in four different altitudinal zones in Himachal Pradesh. Seed and germination parameters, morphometric traits and nursery growth parameters were analyzed for assessment of population structure genetic diversity. It was concluded that maximum values of all morphometric traits viz. clump height, clump diameter (26.38 m), number of culm in clump (93.20), internodal length cm (29.82 cm), number of nodes (67.34), leaf length cm (19.92 cm), culm length (32.02 m), branch length (42.65 cm), leaf width (1.76 cm) are maximum for S1 (Jukhala) followed by S2 (Sujanpurtira) whereas biomass with maximum values of (40.84 kg) at S4 (Chabutra) followed by S3 (Kallar ) with identical values (40.62 kg) which comes in altitudinal zone A1 (300-600 m) and A2(300-600 m) Germination index (88.79 %), seed length (73.83 %), seed germination (72.87 %) and all morphometric traits have high heritabilities, these characters could be considered for selection for further breeding and conservation purposes. Maximum mean values of nursery growth parameters were observed in altitudinal zone 1 and minimum in altitudinal zone 4, maximum values for collar diameter (1.34 mm), root length (13.54 cm), leaf length (11.57 cm), leaf width (2.63 cm), leaf area (14.37 cm2) were observed in S1 (Jukhala). Assessment of natural regeneration status concluded that the Pure bamboo very pure bamboo type of bamboo density classes was found in altitudinal zone 1. All altitudinal zones have culm size of more than 8 cm. Green sound and green damaged type of culm habit observed in altitudinal zone 1, whereas, green sound and green damaged and dry damaged type of culm habit was observed in remaining altitudinal zones. Seedlings originated from seed was found to show maximum survival and propagation through seed was found to be the appropriate method of propagation after macroproliferation. Macroproliferation yields 16 seedlings from single propagaule in year with 100% survival, turns out to be a noteworthy propagation technique. Assessment of soil physicochemical parameters concludes that all soil parameters were nonsignificant among populations across altitudinal zones. Ten individuals are selected on the basis of cluster based on morphometric parameters. SSR molecular marker characterization further helps in identification of individual genotypes (identification no 1,2,7,8) that were highly diverse, which can be used for successful breeding and conservation programs