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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SANDALWOOD (Santalum album L.) IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) GARG, ANKUSH; SHARMA, DUSHYANTABSTRACT The present study entitled “Population dynamics of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out at total ten natural populations, in two districts namely, Bilaspur and Kangra during 2019-2020. In every natural population, 10 quadrats of 10 m × 10 m (100 m2) size determined by species area curve method were randomly laid to study tree species. In each quadrat, a sub-quadrat of 5m × 5m (25 m2) size for study of shrubs and sub-quadrat of 2 × 2 m (4 m2) to record natural regeneration was selected. The tree density in Oel showed highest density of trees (760 individual/ha) and lowest was in Dholra (460 individual/ha). Shrubs density ranged from 570 individual/ha (Dholra) to 840 individual/ha (Oel). Sandalwood was dominant tree species in Changer, Oel, Danoh, Lakhanpur, Dholra, Banoh, Khairiya, Selra and Jawala Ji while Khair showed dominance in Amb Katta. Similarity in tree composition was maximum for Oel and Danoh populations (0.77). Danoh-Lakhanpur, Dholra-Selra and Amb Katta-Jawala Ji were most similar in shrub composition while Changer-Banoh, Changer-Khairiya, Changer-Amb Katta and Changer-Jawala Ji were most dissimilar in shrub composition. The shrub species diversity was maximum in Oel population and minimum in Changer population. Population wise species diversity in trees was maximum in Oel and minimum in Banoh. The values of trees and shrubs species dominance <0.7 in all natural populations confirms presence of community of fewer species with equally low abundance. Natural regeneration success of Santalum album L. in all studied natural populations was very less due to the absence of good mother trees and due to the interference of human activities. To study physcio-chemical properties of soil in different natural populations, soils samples were collected from two depths 0- 15cm (D1) and 15-30cm (D2). Soils of all natural populations were found to be slightly acidic having medium available Nitrogen, available Phosphorus and high available Potassium. Texture of soils varied from sandy loam to clay loam and sandy clay loam with medium to low organic carbon content. No correlation of soil physico-chemical properties was found with occurrence and natural regeneration of Santalum album in its natural population.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SPACING ON GROWTH AND WOOD PARAMETERS OF WILLOW CLONES(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) MAHAJAN, AMAN; SHARMA, JAI PALABSTRACT The present research entitled “Effect of spacing on growth and wood parameters of willow clones”. The three clones (J-799, J-194 and Kashmiri) were planted in plantation densities of 1 × 1 m (10000 plants/ha), 1 × 2 m (5000 plants/ha) and 1 × 3 m (3333 plants/ha) in randomized complete block design in the year 2017 in the Khaltoo experimental field of the department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources. Three-year-old growth and coppice growth of one year was recorded. The plant height (5.86 m) recorded in three-yearold plantation significantly higher in closest spacing (1 × 1 m) and lowest (3.93 m) in widest spacing (1 × 3 m). The plants planted in widest spacing recorded maximum (6.82 cm) basal diameter. Volume index per hectare basis was maximum (173.61 m3 ha-1) in spacing of 1 × 1 m. Maximum total green biomass per hectare (730.90 q/ha) was recorded in 1 × 1 m and (730.21 q/ha) in J-194 clone. Wood physical properties, fibre length (0.72 mm) and moisture content (84.14 %) were observed maximum in Kashmiri clone. Lignin content (21.69 %) was recorded maximum in 1 × 3 m. The maximum height (3.88 m) in one year old coppice recorded in 1 × 1 m and maximum coppice diameter (2.86 cm) was recorded in 1 × 3 m. Volume index of coppice per hectare (13.37 m3/ha) was recorded maximum in 1 × 1 m and minimum (7.71 m3/ha) in 1 × 3 m. Therefore, the spacing of 1 × 1 m was found more suitable for maximising growth for raising the willow crops in short rotation forestry.ThesisItem Open Access SEED SOURCE STUDIES ON Santalum album L. IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) THAKUR, RUCHI; GUPTA, TARAABSTRACT The present study entitled “Seed source studies on Santalum album L. in Himachal Pradesh was conducted in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources of Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (H.P) during 2020-21. Trees of Santalum album L. were selected from subtropical ranges of Himachal Pradesh comprising of six seed sources viz. Changer (S1), Kosariyan (S2) and Samoh (S3) district Bilaspur, Hiranagar (S4) district Hamirpur, Jwalamukhi (S5) and Sadwan (S6) district Kangra , which are situated at significant distance from each other and falling across three Forest Division viz. Bilaspur, Hamirpur and Dehra with the aim to evaluate seed sources on the basis of various parameters viz., phenotypic, morphological , floral characteristics, seed traits, invitro germination and nursery growth performance of half sibs. Maximum tree height was found in S6 (Sadwan) with value (13.71m) whereas mean clear bole height was found maximum in S3 (5.26 m). Maximum seed weight and seed diameter was recorded in Kosariyan of district Bilaspuri.e, 14.48 g and 6.99 mm. Half sib from Sadwan (district Kangra) performed best for seedling height (21.62 cm) as compared to rest of half sibs among seed sources. Maximum leaf length was recorded for Jwalamukhi (6.25 cm). Primary pollinators viz., honey bee, dragon fly, beetle, Dipetran fly, black ants etc. were mostly visited on flower. Among seed sources, sowing media and their interactions, maximum invitro germination percent was recorded for S5 (66.66%), s2 (55.55 %) and S1s2 (77.77%). Among seed sources, maximum germination percent was recorded for S1 (72.22%) in field studies. Highly significant correlation was found between tree height, clear bole height, collar diameter, seedling height, leaf length, leaf width, seed weight and seed diameter. Maximum GCV % (22.43). PCV % (24.24), genetic advance (4.43) and genetic gain (42.74) was estimated for tree height and maximum repeatability coefficient was estimated for seed weight (0.92 %). High heritability and genetic gain was recorded for seed weight and tree height so these characters are useful for selection.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF CLONAL SEED ORCHARD OF Grewia optiva DRUMMOND FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND FODDER QUALITY PARAMETERS(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) THAKUR, SUSHMITA; SANKHYAN, H PABSTRACT The study entitled “Evaluation of Clonal Seed Orchard of Grewia optiva Drummond for morphological and fodder quality parameters” was conducted in Experimental Field under Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S. Parmar university of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). The Clonal Seed Orchard was established during the year 2013 from cuttings obtained from the best families of Seedling Seed Orchard that were evaluated and screened. There were two main objectives behind this study viz. (i) To evaluate the Clonal Seed Orchard of Grewia optiva Drummond for morphological characteristics and (ii) To study the variation in fodder quality parameters among different clones in the Clonal Seed Orchard. The present study was based on 21 clones, having three plants of each clone. These include BI-3, BI-4, CH-1, CH-3, CH-6, HA-2, HA-3, HA-4, MA-2, SH-3, SH-7, SI-7, SI-10, SI-14, SI-15, SI-16, SO-1, SO-3, SO-4, SO-7, SO-10. The Clonal Seed Orchard was evaluated for morphological and fodder characteristics at the age of 8 years, which had started producing viable and quality seeds. The clones were evaluated for qualitative characteristics such as mature plant growth habit, branching habit, stem shape, mature stem colour, stem hardiness, leaf density, upper leaf surface, leaf blade size, colour of leaf, mature fruit colour, fruit shape, seed colour, seed shape. Based on the observations on different morphological parameters as well as cluster analysis, it was concluded that best clones for overall morphological parameters were HA-4, SH-7, SI-7, SO-7 and CH-1. The best clones for fodder were found to be CH-3, HA-2, HA-4, SI-7, SO-7 and SO-10. Furthermore, it was found that the best clones for plant growth parameters were BI-3, HA-4, SI-7, SI-10, SI-15, SO-1 and SO-3, for leaf parameters were HA-4, SH-7, SI-7 and SO-7 and best clones for fruit and seed parameters were BI-3, BI-4, CH- 1, CH-3, HA-3 and MA-2. Further, it can be concluded that some of the traits possessing high heritability and genetic gain can be studied and exploited through various breeding programmes for developing advanced generations through selection. Also, the clones having wide range of variability offer scope for screening for desired traits that can be used for the selection of clones in order to obtain better and improved planting materialThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FOREST FIRE ON FLORISTIC DYNAMICS AND SOIL PROPERTIES OF CHIRPINE (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) FORESTS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) YAMINI; GUPTA, TARAABSTRACT The present study entitled “Effect of forest fire on floristic dynamics and soil properties of chirpine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) forests of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in six different sites in three Forest Divisions namely Solan, Hamirpur and Dehra Forest Division during the year 2020. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of forest fire on floristic composition, soil properties and natural regeneration of different species in chirpine forests. In each site, the burnt and unburnt forest areas were selected and compared with each other to study the effect of fire. Ten tree species, fifteen species of shrubs and twenty four species of herbs and grasses were recorded in burnt and unburnt forests of selected sites. The selected sites represented chirpine dominated forests.Simpson’s index of dominance value ranges between 0.14-1.00 and Shannon constant value ranges between 1.01-2-04 in burnt sites and species evenness index was higher in burnt areas. Pinus roxburghii, Pyrus pashia and Ficus roxburghii were damaged with foliage especially 1 year growth. The mean pH value was higher in burnt forests i.e.6.99. The electrical conductivity, available nitrogen (394.01 Kg/ha), available phosphorus (32.36 Kg/ha) and available potassium (257.63 Kg/ha) were found higher in burnt forests. The tree species namely Pinus roxburghii, Pyrus pashia, Cassia fistula and Bombax ceibaand among shrubs Woodfordiafruiticosawere able to survive forest fire.Among the broad leaved tree species, Quercus leucotrichophora was found most vulnerable for fire damage. Woodfordiafruiticosasurvived forest fire. Intentional fires can be protected by using pine needles commercially in agriculture and livestock raisingThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF HIGH RESIN YIELDING HALF SIB FAMILIES OF Pinus roxburghii Sargent(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) RAJENDER KUMAR; SANKHYAN, H PABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, "Evaluation of high resin yielding half sib families of Pinus roxburghii Sargent", was carried out at Shilli Conservation Reserve, Solan during the year 2020-2021 to evaluate different growth traits (height, diameter at breast height, bark thickness, crown height and crown length), needle characteristics (colour, length, thickness and number of stomata per mm of row), wood traits (moisture content, specific gravity and tracheid length) of different half sib Chir pine families as well as to evaluate the oleo-resin yield traits of different half sib Chir pine families. The study revealed that all the traits varied significantly, with mean values diameter at breast height (31.10 cm), height (17.79 m), bark thickness (2.81 cm), crown length (10.75 m), crown height (6.95 m), needle length (25.57 cm), needle thickness (0.70 mm), number of stomata per mm of a row (9.53), wood moisture content (80.95%), specific gravity (0.42) and tracheid length (1.66 mm).Variability estimates, genetic parameters, correlation studies, principal component analysis and divergence studies exhibited high variability among all the half sib families. Characters which exhibited high heritability like bark thickness (H2 = 0.80), tracheid length (H2 = 0.92), no. of stomata (H2 = 0.91), followed by higher genetic gain. Genetic divergence was studied through cluster analysis. The average oleoresin yield was found to be 430.97 g. The turpentine content of oleoresin ranged from 19.45 per cent to 25.4 per cent and highest rosin content 78.60 per cent while the lowest 72.68 per cent. Resin yield was significant with DBH (0.465) and needle length (0.315) and highly significant with bark thickness (0.721). Higher oleoresin yields have been recorded in family which have maximum diameter. It may be concluded that evaluation of the Chir pine diversity can be very useful in qualitative and quantitative improvement of different traits studied. The seed of these high resin yielding families can be used in establishment of seed orchard to increase its number of populations so as to increase the overall resin production.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BOMBAY EBONY (Diospyros montana Roxb.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) SAINI, PRATIKSHA; SAINI, PRATIKSHA; ANITA KUMARI; ANITA KUMARIABSTRACT The present study was confined to 19 mother trees of Diospyros montana Roxb. distributed in Solan districts of Himachal Pradesh. Mother trees were selected from Nalagarh and Baddi area of Solan district. Variation in fruit, seed and seedling traits were studied by collecting fruits of this species in the month of Feb- March (2020). Repeatability coefficient was recorded maximum for seed length. GCV, PCV and heritability was recorded maximum for germination percent. There was large variation in tree phenotypic characters, fruit and seed traits. The maximum fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and germination percent was recorded for M5 and M7. Seedling parameters were recorded maximum for M7. Great variation was recorded for wood parameters. Maximum specific gravity was recorded for M7 and M2, fiber length and fiber diameter was recorded for M8 and M19 and holocellulose content was maximum for M15. Maximum moisture content showed significant correlation with specific gravity and alcohol- benzene extractives. Fiber length is correlated with fiber diameter. Seventy three point thirty nine percent of total variation was explained by three components for leaf, fruit and seed characters and 89.88% of variation was showed by five PCA for wood parametersThesisItem Open Access VARIATION STUDIES IN AUTUMN OLIVE (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) CHAUHAN, SHREYA; ANITA KUMARIABSTRACT The present study was confined to six populations selected from three districts comprising of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. in Himachal Pradesh. There was significant variation in the morphological characters of E. umbellata Thunb. in six natural populations. The fruits of E. umbellata Thunb. were collected during the month of September, and their characteristics were studied. The fruit weight and seed weight was observed maximum in Kalaghat population and TSS was noted maximum in Kujji population. The repeatability coefficient of population was highest in TSS. The phytosociological survey was conducted in Elaeagnus growing and non- Elaeagnus growing sites. In Elaeagnus present sites E. umbellata Thunb. was dominating shrub, it was due to the invasive nature of this shrub. The account of herb species was also highest in these sites as compared to where this shrub was absent. The nitrogen content found in the Elaeagnus growing sites was greater than other sites because E. umbellata Thunb. has ability to fix nitrogen especially in infertile soils due to the presence of nodules on its roots that houses nitrogen fixing actinomycetes.