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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF NANO-FERTILIZERS ON SOIL HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NECTARINE (Prunus persica cv. Silver King(UHF,NAUNI, 2024-01-23) SURESH KUMARTwo separate research experiments were conducted to study the “Effect of nano-fertilizers on soil health and productivity of Nectarine (Prunus persica cv. Silver King)” for two consecutive years 2021-2022 and 2022- 2023 at Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). Both of the experiments were laid out in Randomised Block Design with four replications. Experiment first was conducted on 10 years old nectarine plants with the spacing of 4.5m x 4.5m at the experimental farm of Department of Soil Science and Water management where six treatment combinations along with of nano urea were tested. The treatments comprised of T1- Recommended dose of nutrients (RDN), T2- 100% N through nano urea, T3- 80% N through nano urea+20% N through neem coated urea, T4- 60% N through nano urea + 40% N through neem coated urea, T5- 40% N through nano urea+60% N through neem coated urea, T6- absolute control. The results of study revealed that application of 60% of N through foliar spray of nano urea + 40% of N through soil application of neem coated urea (T4) perform best in term of vegetative growth (tree height and annual extension growth), yield (28.06 kg/tree), productivity (13.83 t/ha) and quality parameter viz., TSS (13.03 oBrix), titratable acidity (0.92 %), TSS/acid ratio(14.11) of nectarine over other treatments and also raise the B:C ratio upto 3.39. Second experiment was conducted on 12 years old nectarine plants with the spacing of 4 m × 2 m at Model farm of the Directorate of Research and where six treatment combinations along with of nano iron were tested. The treatments comprised of T1- Recommended dose of iron (0.3% ferrous sulphate), T2- 100% Fe through nano iron, T3- 80% Fe through nano iron + 20% Fe through chelated iron, T4- 60% Fe through nano iron + 40% Fe through chelated iron, T5- 40% Fe through nano iron+ 60% Fe through chelated iron, T6- absolute control. The results of study revealed that application of 100% Fe through nano iron (T2) perform best in term of vegetative growth (tree height and annual extension growth), yield (26.80 kg/tree), productivity (33.49 t/ha) and quality parameter viz., TSS (12.59 oBrix), titratable acidity (0.70 %), TSS/acid ratio (18.03) of nectarine over other treatments and also raise the B:C ratio upto 9.52. Therefore the results of the study indicated that the application of 100% Fe through nano iron (T2) during growth stages might be helpful to increase the fruit yield, productivity and farmer income. Thus, the results from experiment 1 and 2 revealed that the application of 60% of N through foliar spray of nano urea + 40% of N through soil application of neem coated urea and of 100% Fe through nano iron during different growth stages unambiguously increased the growth, yield and quality of nectarine which in turn increased the farmers income as observed through the B: C ratio.ThesisItem Open Access WATER AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCIES FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY IN HIGH DENSITY APPLE (Malus × domestica Borkh.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-11-03) KAPIL SHARMA; J C SHARMAABSTRACT The present study entitled “Water and nutrient use efficiencies for higher productivity in high density apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)” was carried out on 6 and 7 years old apple plants var. Super Chief grafted on rootstock MM106, at a spacing of 2.5 × 2.0 m for two successive years 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the experimental farm of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P). Two field experiments were conducted simultaneously in same orchard wherein, different irrigation and fertigation treatments were tried in triplicate in Randomised Block Design (Factorial). During first experiment, different levels of irrigation and fertigation were applied and compared with conventional method (CI) with four irrigation levels i.e. DI at 100 (IR1), 80 (IR2), 60 per cent ETc (IR3) and CI and four fertigation levels i.e. FN0 (Absolute control), FN1 (100), FN2 (75) and FN3 (50) per cent of adhoc dose (NPK). During second experiment, three different levels of surface irrigation i.e. CI1 (100), (80) and (60) per cent of ETc and four nutrient levels i.e. NU0 (Absolute control), NU1 (125), NU2 (100) and NU3 (75) per cent of adhoc dose (NPK). The results revealed that DI and fertigation level at 100 per cent ETc with 100 per cent AD (NPK) significantly performed better results in terms of vegetative, cropping, quality parameters and leaf nutrient content over conventional method of surface irrigation and soil fertilization. The vertical and lateral distribution, of available NPK, NO3 - -N and NH4 + -N under treatment T2 i.e. DI at 100 per cent ETc with 100 per cent AD (NPK) was found to be uniformly distributed. In conventional experiment, these parameters performed better under treatment 100 per cent ETc with 125 per cent AD (NPK) in second experiment. The seasonal water requirement for Super Chief apple of 6 and 7 years old Super Chief apple plants under drip irrigation came out to be 20.69 and 23.68 cm, with effective rainfall of 7.98 and 5.02 cm during first and second year. The requirement of irrigation during first and second year was 12.71 and 18.66 cm, respectively, which can be met effectively by operating drip irrigation system at biweekly intervals from mid-March to the first week of July. Fertigation in 15 splits of 100 per cent AD (NPK) dosage at g tree-1 yr-1 (N:P2O5:K2O) resulted in higher apple productivity. This schedule may be preferred over conventional method of irrigation and fertilization. But in the absence of drip irrigation system, however, conventional irrigation at 100 per cent ETc with 125 per cent AD (NPK) may be followed to get higher productivity. The study suggested 82.47 per cent (80%) of ETc and 87.75 per cent (90%) of AD (NPK) as optimum irrigation and fertigation levels, respectively for drip irrigation and fertigation and 84.36 per cent (85%) of ETc and 111.20 per cent (110%) of AD (NPK), respectively for conventional method of irrigation and nutrient levels. Thus, a saving of about 20 and 10 per cent in irrigation and fertilizer quantity, respectively can be achieved by drip fertigation, besides improvement in yield and quality of appleThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN FRUITS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SOIL PROPERTIES(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-09-27) SAURABH SHARMA; UDAY SHARMAABSTRACT The studies, “Effect of inorganic, organic and natural systems of nutrient management in fruits and their impact on soil properties” were conducted during 2021 and 2022. Four orchards each under inorganic, organic and natural systems of nutrient management in mango, apricot and apple growing in Bilaspur, Solan and Shimla districts respectively, were selected. The inorganic system recorded the highest available N, P, K, exchangeable Ca, Mg , S, DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu (349.6, 64.0, 376.5 10.07 cmol (p+) kg-1, 4.19 cmol (p+) kg-1, 43.18 kg ha-1, 3.17, 25.8, 13.2 and 2.59 mg kg-1, respectively. Sub- surface soils followed the similar trend. In all parameters apple, due to better management registered higher values for all nutrients. The highest OC (18.40 g kg-1 and 13.23 g kg-1 in 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths, respectively). and soil microbial biomass carbon (269.4 μg g-1 soil), and other microbial properties were recorded under natural farming system. Among the plant parameters the maximum levels of nutrients in the leaves (2.55 % N, 0.25 % P, 1.66 % K, 2.17 % Ca, 0.69 % Mg, 232.7 ppm Fe, 10.2 ppm Cu, 28.6 ppm Zn and 64.1 ppm Mn) were recorded under inorganic nutrient management. The plant growth parameters were noted best under inorganic nutrient management. The soil quality index was highest with inorganic nutrient management system with index value of (0.60, 0.59 and 0.57) for apple, mango and apricot, respectively. The pot culture studies show that the treatment (T1) i.e., RDF + FYM recorded the maximum change (increase) in the physico-chemical properties soil of orchards, while the percent increase in microbiological properties was recorded highest with the treatment T2 i.e. NPK equivalent through FYM. Thus inorganic nutrient management along with FYM results in the maximum soil and leaf nutrient levels which directly affects the growth, flowering, fruit yield and quality of apple, mango and apricot. However, the natural farming system has shown promise and the soil quality parameters in the organic and natural systems of nutrient management emphasize their adoption for niche areas in order to get premium pricing and long-term sustainability.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF GINGER INTERCROPPED IN APRICOT ORCHARD TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURES AND MULCHES(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-09-27) MANISHA NEGI; PARDEEP KUMARABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Response of ginger intercropped in apricot orchard to different organic manures and mulches” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) for two consecutive years i.e., 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with 3 main plot treatments and 4 sub plot treatments. The treatments were replicated four times. The ginger variety, ‘Solan Giriganga’ was planted in apricot orchard at a spacing of 30 cm × 20 cm. The findings indicated application of black plastic mulch with a thickness measuring 100 μ, exhibited remarkable superiority over other mulching techniques in effectively preserving and maintaining optimal soil moisture levels and soil temperature. While considering the combination of different mulches and organic manures, the combination of grass mulch + recommended FYM along with 50 % RDF through FYM and 50 % RDF through SGM with intercropping, exhibited the lowest soil BD and PD (1.30 and 2.24 Mg m-3, respectively). The same combination also resulted in highest soil porosity (43.30 %), OC content (19.56 g kg-1), viable bacterial (148.56 × 106 cfu g -1 soil), fungal (47.67 × 103cfu g -1 soil) and actinomycetes (48.49 × 103 cfu g -1 soil) count and soil enzymes as well (695.95 μg of p-nitrophenol g-1 soil hr-1 phosphatase, 7.07 mg TPF g-1 soil per 24 hr dehydrogenase and 19.08 unit per 10 g soil urease). However, the combination of black plastic mulch of thickness of 100 μ + recommended FYM along with 50 % RDF through FYM and 50 % RDF through SGM with intercropping displayed the highest levels of available NPK and S (456.17, 218.68, 584.07 and 58.19 kg ha-1, respectively), exchangeable Ca and Mg [7.05 and 3.82 cmol (p)+ kg -1, respectively] as well as DTPA extractable Fe, Mn and Zn (24.56, 14.57 and 2.86 mg kg-1, respectively). Similarly, among the plant parameters, the maximum amount of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) and total NPK uptake (153.73, 26.83 and 137.31 kg ha-1, respectively) in ginger were recorded highest under the black plastic mulch of 100 μ + recommended FYM along with 50 % RDF through FYM and 50 % RDF through SGM with intercropping. Furthermore, the same treatment combination also resulted in the highest values for growth, rhizome yield per hectare (20.37 t) and quality parameters in ginger. Consequently, this treatment exhibited the maximum B:C ratio of 2.9:1. Therefore, it can be concluded from the present study that, the application of black plastic mulch of thickness 100 μ + recommended FYM along with 50 % RDF through FYM and 50 % RDF through SGM with intercropping, can be suggested to the farmers to oThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ZINC APPLICATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF KIWIFRUIT (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-07-14) SHIKHA CHAUDHARY; M L VERMAABSTRACT Due to the growing shortage of arable land and water resources, the expansion of the agricultural sector can only be accomplished by improving resource use efficiency while causing the least amount of harm to agroecology through the appropriate application of contemporary technologies. Nanotechnology is one of these that has the potential to transform the agriculture industry. At the Research Farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Chamba, for the two years 2021 and 2022, a study was conducted to examine the effect of zinc applications on the productivity of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.). Two Zn fertilizer sources viz., nano-ZnO and Zn-EDTA were evaluated in kiwifruit. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated quadruply. The treatments comprised of T1: Recommended dose of nutrients (FYM: 40 kg, 800:600:800 g vine-1 NPK) {Control} soil application, T2: 100 % RDN + Nano zinc @ 60 mg l-1 (Foliar spray), T3: 100 % RDN + Nano zinc @ 120 mg l-1 (Foliar spray), T4: 100 % RDN + Chelated zinc @ 60 mg l-1 (Soil application), T5: 100 % RDN + Chelated zinc @ 120 mg l-1 (Soil application), T6: 100 % RDN + Nano zinc @ 60 mg l-1 (Foliar spray) + Chelated zinc @ 60 mg l-1 (Soil application) and T7: 100 % RDN + Nano zinc @ 120 mg l-1 (Foliar spray) + Chelated zinc @ 120 mg l-1 (Soil application). The soil application of chelated zinc at 120 mg l-1 has a synergistic effect on available N, K, Zn, Mn, on various Zn fractions as well as on the viable microbial count, microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase, and urease activity; however, soil available P, Ex Ca, Cu, Fe, and phosphatase activity decreased adversely. According to the results, foliar treatment of 120 mg l-1 ZnO-NPs had the best effects on soil Ex Mg and SO42-content, growth, flowering, fruit yield and quality traits of kiwifruit. Maximum leaf N (2.60 %), K (3.81%), Mg (0.49 %), S (0.47%), Zn (79.23 %), leaf area (172.36 cm2), annual extension growth (295.44 cm), advanced the flower initiation by 12-14 days, fruit set (88.11%) and yield (17.52 kg vine-1) were also recorded through nano-Zn application compared to other Zn analogues. This superior treatment also registered significant increase in A- size graded yield (7.14 kg vine-1), TSS (11.43 %), total sugars (11.04 %), reducing sugars (7.44 %), TSS/ acid ratio (21.63), ascorbic acid content (82.78 mg 100 g-1) as well as benefit: cost ratio (8.38). The study also concluded that the usage of nano-Zn has demonstrated positive impacts to enhance kiwifruit crop behaviour, suggesting that it may be an alternative to traditional Zn nutrient sources.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF NANO-PARTICLES (TiO2) WITH DIFFERENT NUTRIENT SOURCE COMBINATIONS ON CAPSICUM-CABBAGE CROPPING SEQUENCE(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-03) BRAR, PERMINDER SINGH; KAUSHAL, RAJESHABSTRACT Capsicum and cabbage are the two most important vegetable crops grown in the Western Himalayas, have potential to strengthen the economic conditions of hilly small and marginal farmers. The present studies titled, “Response of nano-particles (TiO2) with different nutrient source combinations on capsicum-cabbage cropping sequence” was carried out at the research farm of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Nauni, Solan, during 2020–2022. The research trials comprehend of thirteen treatments comprising T1 as control i.e., 100% RDN through chemical fertilizers, from T2 to T13 contains 100% RDN through chemical fertilizers and in combination of 50% RDN through chemical fertilizers and 50% RDN through vermicompost (on nitrogen equivalence basis) along with TiO2 application as seed treatment and foliar spray with concentration of 50, 100 and 150 ppm for capsicum and 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm for cabbage. The treatments were replicated thrice in randomized block design. The data revealed that the application of various nutrient sources combined with nanoparticles (TiO2) as seed treatment or foliar spray significantly influenced plant growth, yield, quality parameters, total NPK contents and their uptake in both crops. For cabbage crop, the application of 1000 ppm TiO2 as seed treatment along with conjoint application of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost enhanced plant height, plant spread, net head weight, harvest index, marketable yield, protein, chlorophyll a & b, total N content and N uptake. In capsicum the 100% RDN (50% through chemical fertilizers and 50% through vermicompost) along with application of nanoparticles (TiO2) concentrations of 50 ppm as seed treatment enhanced ascorbic acid, protein, chlorophyll a & b, Total N, P, K, Fe and Zn content. Among soil parameters, maximum value of organic carbon, available macronutrients and micronutrients were recorded in 150 ppm (capsicum) and 1500 ppm (cabbage) TiO2 applications. Soil microbiological properties were significantly influenced by the TiO2 application with integrated nutrient management module. The heavy metals in soil registered declined trend due to TiO2 applications in comparison to control. The maximum (3.76) B:C ratio was noted in treatment with 1000 ppm TiO2 as seed treatment in cabbage and 100 ppm TiO2 as foliar spray in capsicum (2.59) along with chemical fertilizers application. In order to improve the productivity of capsicum and cabbage cropping sequence without deteriorating soil health, the above-mentioned nutrient module may be recommended after carrying out multi-locational trials in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh for successful adoption of nanoparticles in the agricultural fielThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF NANO-PARTICLES (ZnO) WITH DIFFERENT NUTRIENT SOURCES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) AND CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.).(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-11) BHARDWAJ, GITIKA; BHARDWAJ, GITIKA; CHAUHAN, ANJALI; CHAUHAN, ANJALIABSTRACT A total of thirteen treatment combinations arranged in a complete randomized design and were replicated three times for both, tomato and capsicum in the net house of the Department of Soil Science & Water Management, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, during the years 2020 and 2021. The application of foliar spray of ZnO @ 50 ppm + 50 % RDN (through vermicompost) + 50 % RDN (through chemical fertilizers) increased the plant height (216.33 and 72.00 cm) with 18.1 and 64.9 % increase over control, root length (28.17 and 14.85 cm), number of primary branches (6.67 and 5.67), plant biomass (172.67 and 87.00 g), number of fruits per plant (22 and 19), fruit yield (1.61 and 1.48 kg), chlorophyll a (0.54 and 0.82 mg g-1), chlorophyll b (1.01 and 1.54 mg g-1), N uptake (5.85 and 2.87 g plant-1), P uptake (1.18 and 1.22 g plant-1) and K uptake (7.63 and 9.35 g plant-1) for tomato and capsicum, respectively. The maximum benefit cost ratio (3.71 and 3.44) of tomato and capsicum was also recorded under treatment with conjoint application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers along with foliar spray of 50 ppm ZnO nano-particles. Moreover, ZnO nano-particles application @ 50 ppm (seed treatment) in combination with vermicompost and chemical fertilizers increased available nutrient status, soil enzymes (dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease) and other microbiological properties (viable microbial count and microbial biomass) of soil. Overall, the application of 50 ppm ZnO nano-particles concentration through seed treatment and foliar spray improved the soil properties, plant growth and quality parameters of tomato and capsicum and the above-mentioned nutrient module may be recommended after carrying out multi-locational trials in Himachal Pradesh for adoption of nanoparticles in the agricultural fields.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF APRICOT (Prunus armeniaca L.) CV. NEW CASTLE TO SYSTEMS OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-09) MASTA, KIRAN; SHARMA, UDAYABSTRACT The studies entitled “Response of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cv. New Castle to systems of nutrient management” were carried out at HR&TS and KVK, Kandaghat during 2020 and 2021, with the objectives to evaluate the effects of different nutrient management strategies on soil properties, leaf nutrient contents, plant growth and yield and ultimately on the economics of apricot production. Bearing apricot cv. New Castle bearing trees of age more than 20 years and planted at a distance of 5×5 m were subjected to different treatment combinations viz. Jeevamrit+Ghanjeevamrit @ 40 kg, 60 kg and 80 kg/bigha each, FYM+Jeevamrit+PGPR (RD of N through FYM), FYM + Biofertilizers + PGPR (R.D. of N through FYM), 80% RDF in combination with Jeevamrit, Ghanjeevamrit, Biofertilizers and PGPR and 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K (Recommended dose) taking one treatment as an absolute control. The soil pH and electrical conductivity did not vary significantly with the systems of nutrient management. The maximum values for organic carbon (22.75 and 20.40 g kg-1) were in FYM+ BF + PGPR (RD of N through FYM) followed by FYM+JA+PGPR (RD of N by FYM), JA+ GJA @ 80 kg/bigha each and 100% FYM+ RD of N, P and K. Available N of 529.60 kg ha-1 was found to be maximum in surface soils under 80% RD+PGPR followed by JA+GJA @ 80 kg/bigha each. Surface soil P was maximum (144.57 kg ha-1) in FYM+JA +PGPR (RD of N by FYM). Similarly, maximum available K in surface soils was recorded under 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K (771.27 kg ha-1) closely followed by 730.35 kg ha-1 in 80 % RD+JA. Exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sulphate-sulphur did not vary significantly. Maximum DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn as well as the microbiological parameters were reported under organically amended soils as well as soils receiving natural farming treatments like Jeevamrit and Ghanjeevamrit. The sub-surface (20-40 cm) soils also followed the similar trend although their contents were slightly lower than the surface depths. The maximum leaf N (3.15%), Ca (2.78%), Mg (0.74%), S (0.28%), Cu (14.45 ppm), Fe (198.31 ppm) and Mn (78.77 ppm) were found in 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K. The organically amended and naturally farming treatments were at par in case of many leaf nutrients. Similarly for fruit parameters the 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K gave maximum trunk girth (72.07 cm), annual shoot length (85.96 cm), tree height (5.08 m), tree spread (4.08 m), canopy volume (44.25 m3), leaf area (38.01 cm2), fruit weight (31.83 g), fruit volume (31.93 cc), fruit length (36.93 mm), fruit breadth (39.80 mm), TSS (16.24 ºB), fruit set (78.03 %) and also fruit yield (37.1 kg tree-1). Although the values for other systems of management were lower but in many treatments they were statistically at par making them equally viable. The maximum agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (215.19 kg kg-1), agronomic phosphorus use efficiency (922.89 kg kg-1) and agronomic potassium use efficiency (376.85 kg kg-1) were recorded in the treatment comprising of the application of Jeevamrit and Ghanjeevamrit @ 40 kg per bigha each. But the best economic option was 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K with a ratio of 2.9:1 followed by 80 % RD + Ghanjeevamrit with B:C ratio of 2.4.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NECTARINE (Prunus persica cv. SILVER KING(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-09) SHARMA, SWATI; VERMA, M LABSTRACT Investigation entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil properties and productivity of Nectarine (Prunus persica cv. Silver King)” was conducted on 8 years old nectarine cultivar ‘Silver King’ at a spacing of 4.5 m x 4.5 m for two consecutive years 2020 and 2021 at the experimental farm of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 12 treatments viz., T1-Recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) + 40 kg FYM-(control), T2- 100% RDN + dual inoculation with Azotobacter and PSB, T3-100% RDN + 10 kg vermicompost, T4- 100% RDN + 20 kg vermicompost, T5-75% RDN + 10 kg vermicompost, T6-75% RDN + 20 kg vermicompost, T7-75% RDN + 10 kg vermicompost + inoculation with Azotobacter, T8-75% RDN + 20 kg vermicompost + inoculation with Azotobacter, T9-75% RDN + 10 kg vermicompost + inoculation with PSB, T10-75% RDN + 20 kg vermicompost + inoculation with PSB, T11-75% RDN + 10 kg vermicompost + dual inoculation with Azotobacter and PSB, T12-75% RDN + 20 kg vermicompost + dual inoculation with Azotobacter and PSB. Soil properties viz., physical, chemical and biological properties were significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. Leaf macro and micronutrient content were significantly higher in treatment T12. Plant parameters viz., plant height, trunk girth, annual extension growth and plant spread were also recorded maximum in treatment T12 . Maximum productivity (15.00 t/ha) and yield efficiency (0.317 kg/cm2) were recorded in T12 .Fruit quality parameters viz., fruit length, breadth, fruit weight, TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and minimum titratable acidity. were found under treatment T12. Finally, it is concluded that treatment comprising 75% RDN + 20kg vermicompost + Dual inoculation with Azotobacter and PSB (T12) was found to be most effective combination of integrated nutrient management application to nectarine under mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh