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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-12) MAHOTAL, NIKHIL KUMAR; KAUSHAL, RAJESHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled " Effect of different levels of chemical fertilizers on soil properties and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)” was carried out at the experimental farm, Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during rabi season of 2020-21. The experiment was conducted by taking different combinations of varying levels of chemical fertilizers, a total of nine treatments viz. T1 [100% RD(N, P, K, S)], T2 [100% RD (P, K, S) + 125% (N)], T3 ([100% RD (P, K, S) + 150% (N)]), T4 [100% RD (N, K, S) + 125% (P)]), T5 [100% RD (N, K, S) + 150% (P)],T6 [100% RD (N, P, S) + 125% (K)], T7 [100% RD (N, P, S) + 150% (K)], T8 [100% RD (N, P, K) +125% (S)] and T9[100% RD (N, P, K) + 150% (S)], each treatment was replicated three times in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The seedlings of onion were planted at spacing of 15 cm × 10 cm in plots having 3 m × 1 m size. The application of different levels of chemical fertilizers registered a significant influence on available macronutrient elements. The maximum available N (410.3 kg/ha), P (86.0 kg/ha), K (415.4 kg/ha) and S (SO4 2- - S) (79.1 kg/ha) content was recorded under T3, T5, T6 and T9, with 23.4 per cent, 92.9 per cent, 16.5 per cent and 129.3 per cent, increase over initial values. Application of 100% RD (P, K, S) + 125% (N) registered maximum values of bacterial count (53.82×106 cfu/g soil) count, fungal count (5.54×104 cfu/g soil), phosphatase (77.95 μg PNP/g soil /hr), dehydrogenase (63.20 g TPF/g soil/24 hr) and urease activity (31.81 μg (NH4)+/g soil/hr) of soil. The same treatment also registered significant effect on plant height (51.9 cm), marketable yield, with 13.9 per cent increase over 100% RD (N, P, K, S) and quality parameters i.e. bulb weight (88.2 g), equatorial diameter (7.1 cm) and TSS content (12.53 °B) of onion. The close scrutiny of nutrient module comprising S level i.e. 100% RD - (N, P, K) +125% S, registered significant increase to the tune of 10 per cent in marketable yield over 100% RD (N, P, K, S), and the tried combination was also statistically at par with 100 % RD (P, K, S) + 125% (N).ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL SURVEY OF DRUMSTICK TREE (Moringa oleifera) IN SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) THAKUR, SAHIL; CHAUHAN, ANJALIABSTRACT The present study entitled “Nutritional survey of Drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera) in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken during in 4 Blocks (Solan, Kunihar, Dharampur, Nalagarh) of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. From each Block 3 locations were selected and from each location 5 matured trees of Moringa oleifera are evaluated for Physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soil. Majority of soil were found to be sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Soil pH was found to be neutral. EC values were in the safe limits (<0.8 dS m-1). The organic carbon content was high. Soils were high in available P, K, Ca, Mg, SO4 2-, Cu, Fe and Mn. However, available N and Zn content was recorded medium in range. Whereas, leaf N, P, K, S, Fe, Cu and Mn content were high in study area. Chlorophyll and protein content was found appropriate in Moringa leaves. Soil EC was significant and positively correlated with soil P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Mn, whereas Organic carbon content of soil was significant and positively correlated with soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Significant correlation between soil and leaf nutrient content reveal that the two measurements i.e. soil and leaf analysis used in synchronicity exhibit more reliable information on nutritional status and showing trees have good uptake of nutrients from soil.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STRAWBERRY (Fragaria × anannasa Duch.) GROWING AREAS OF PAONTA VALLEY IN SIRMAUR DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) THAKUR, KAVITA; SPEHIA, R SABSTRACT The present study was undertaken during 2020-21 to evaluate nutritional status of strawberry growing areas of Paonta valley in Sirmaur district. Soil and leaf samples were collected from 30 strawberry growing farmers from 10 villages in Paonta valley of Sirmaur district. The collected soil and leaf samples were analyzed for different soil properties such as soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn nutrients. The leaf samples were analyzed for nutrient such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. The soils of different strawberry growing areas varied from sandy loam to sandy clay loam and were slightly acidic to near neutral in soil reaction. The soils are in safe limits of electrical conductivity (<0.8 dS m-1) along with medium soil organic carbon. The available N content was low to medium in surface layers while the available Zn content was medium to high in availability, whereas P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and Cu were high in status. The leaf nutrient status indicated that 90, 3.33, 23.33 and 6.67 per cent samples were deficient in N, K, Mg and Mn, while 93.33, 93.30, 100 and 96.67 per cent were sufficient in K, Mn, Cu and Zn, respectively. However, nutrient status of leaf P, Ca, Mg, S and Fe were high in 96.67, 100, 60, 60 and 80 per cent samples. Soil organic carbon was significant and positively correlated with N, P, S and Zn. Available N, P and S exhibited significant and positive relationship with their respective leaf nutrient contents. On the basis of coefficient of variation, the soil, leaf and yield properties such as the pH, N, leaf N, K, Cu and yield are least variable, whereas, available nutrients like OC, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and leaf P, Ca, Fe, and Zn are moderately variable. However, electrical conductivity, available Cu, Zn and leaf Mg, S and Mn are highly variable. Farmers were able to get 24% higher yield and better net returns under black polyethylene mulch as compared to grass mulch. For moderately and highly variable soil parameters, site specific nutrient management strategies should be developed and adopted for enhancing the productivity of the crop in the regionThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL SURVEY OF HIGH DENSITY APPLE ORCHARDS IN SHIMLA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) CHAUHAN, AKHIL; PARDEEP KUMARABSTRACT The present study entitled “Nutritional survey of high density apple orchards in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken during 2020-2021 in Chirgaon Block of Shimla district. Soil and leaf samples from 20 representative high-density apple orchards were collected. Majority of soil were found to be sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Soil pH was slightly acidic to near neutral. EC values were in the safe limits (5%) for both soil and plant nutrient analysis showed that there is need for more detailed nutritional survey of high density plantation of district Shimla in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF MULCHING ON PRODUCTIVITY OF NECTARINE (Prunus persica L. Batsch var. nucipersica) cv. SNOW QUEEN(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) HUSSAIN, ALTAF; SHARMA, J CABSTRACT trees recorded highest (20.92 t ha-1) fruit productivity closely followed by RP (20.0 t ha-1) whereas lowest under UM (14.17 t ha-1). Among different mulches, black polythene and nylon mulch mat followed by organic mulches was found to be most effective, economical best to meet multiple objectives of conserving and moderating soil hydrothermal properties and elimination of weeds and improved growth, cropping and productivity in rainfed nectarine orchards. Key words: Mulching, nectarine, hydrothermal regimes, weed biomass, microbial count, yield, productivity Signature of Major advisor Signature of Student Name: Dr JC Sharma Name: Altaf Hussain Date: Date: Countersigned Professor and Head Department of Soil Science and Water Management Dr. Y.S. Parmar UHF, Nauni, Solan (HP) 173 230 The present investigation entitled, “Effect of mulching on productivity of nectarine (Prunus persica L. Batsch var. nucipersica) cv. Snow Queen”, was carried out on 10 year old nectarine orchard, established at Commercial and Experimental Model farm of the Directorate of Research, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P) during the year 2021. Experiment consisted of seven treatments viz. unmulched control (UM), grass mulch (GM), pine needle mulch (PM), black polythene mulch (BP), transparent polythene mulch (TP), nylon mulch mat (MM) and recommended practice (RP) were replicated four times in a Randomized Block Design. The results emanated from the study revealed that mulches influenced the soil hydrothermal regimes. Highest soil moisture contents at 0-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm depth were conserved by BP followed by MM, GM, PM, TP and all time lowest under UM. Mulches favourably moderated the soil temperature and TP recorded highest maximum and minimum temperature during the course of study and effectiveness of mulches in moderating soil temperature followed the order TP > BP > MM > PM > GM > RP > UM at 0730 hr and TP > BP > MM > UM > RP > GM > PM at 1430 hr. Soil physical- chemical properties and leaf nutrient contents were altered marginally by varied mulch materials. In terms of weed growth mulches effectively check and suppress the weeds, application of MM and BP resulted in complete suppression of weeds except the TP which recorded maximum weed biomass. Under organic mulches viz. GM and PM microbial community flourish and proliferates. GM recorded maximum viable microbial count and biomass-C. Application of mulches and irrigation in treatment RP resulted in increased fruit size, weight and yield over unmulched control. BP mulchedThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PEA (Pisum sativum L.) GROWING UNDER ZBNF VIS-À-VIS CONVENTIONAL FARMING IN SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2021-11) PATHANIA, NAMAN; SPEHIA, R SABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Nutritional status of pea (Pisum sativum L.) growing under ZBNF vis-à-vis conventional farming in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh’’ was carried out during 2020-2021 in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh with the objective to evaluate the soil quality and plant nutrient contents under different farming system and work out the relationship between soil nutrients status and plant nutrient concentration. A preliminary survey of district Solan was conducted and three blocks were identified for soil and plant sampling. The 30 representative surface soil samples along with plant samples (15 each of conventional and ZBNF farming system) from same site were collected and analyzed. Pea growing soils of Solan district under conventional farming system had significantly higher available primary and secondary nutrients as well as micronutrients compared to the ZBNF farming system. The N, P and K were recorded 5.21%, 14.69% and 10.27%, respectively, higher under conventional farming as compared to ZBNF farming system. Similarly, secondary nutrients viz. Ca, Mg and S were recorded 7.62%, 12.21% and 16.64%, respectively, higher under conventional farming system as compared to ZBNF farming system. However, organic carbon was recorded 22.85% higher under ZBNF as compared to conventional farming system. Viable microbial count (45.72×105 cfu g-1 bacteria, 6.73×103 cfu g-1 Fungi and 9.28×103 cfu g-1 Actinomycetes) were also recorded higher under ZBNF compared to conventional farming system. Further, conventional farming system recorded higher macro as well as micronutrients in leaf compared to the ZBNF farming system. Consequently, yield of pea was significantly higher (109.67 q ha-1) under conventional farming system as compared to ZBNF (92.07 q ha-1) but cost economics favoured ZBNF.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF NATURAL FARMING PRACTICES ON GROWTH AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF PEA (Pisum sativum L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) NIPANSHU; UPENDER SINGHABSTRACT The study entitled “Studies on the effect of natural farming practices on growth and quality parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was carried out at Experimental Block of Soil Science in year 2020-21, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design on pea cv. Pusa Pragati consisting 7 treatments and 3 replications viz., T1 (100% RDF), T2 (3 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 5% jeevamrit @ 15 days interval), T3 (2 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 10% jeevamrit @ 15 days interval), T4 (1 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 15% jeevamrit @ 15 days interval), T5 (3 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 5% jeevamrit @ 30 days interval), T6 (2 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 10% jeevamrit @ 30 days interval), T7 (1 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 15% jeevamrit @ 30 days interval). The results of the investigation revealed that not only significantly increased the growth and quality parameters of pea as well as soil macro and micro nutrients by the treatment T3 (2 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 10% jeevamrit @ 15 days interval), whereas, maximum yield was recorded under T1 followed by treatment T3 statistically at par with T2 and Maximum B: C ratio was recorded under T3 respectively. Application of 2 t ha-1 ghanjeevamrit + 10% jeevamrit @ 15 days interval may be recommended as most effective nutrient module for pea cultivation and sustaining soil healthThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION LEVELS AND ORGANIC MULCHES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) CHAUHAN, SHRADHA; AGRAWAL, GHANSHYAMABSTRACT The present study entitled “Effect of drip irrigation levels and organic mulches on growth and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)” was conducted at research farm, Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Nauni-Solan during 2020-21. The seven treatments were as follows: 100% ETc + Grass mulch (I1M1), 80% ETc + Grass mulch (I2M1), 60% ETc + Grass mulch (I3M1), 100% ETc + Pine needle mulch (I1M2), 80% ETc + Pine needle mulch (I2M2), 60% ETc + Pine needle mulch (I3M2) and Control - surface irrigation with 4 cm at 10 days interval as practiced by farmers and no mulch (I0M0), with three replication in randomized block design having each plot size of 2.5 × 2.5 m and spacing 45 × 15 cm. The treatment I1M1 recorded higher soil moisture content than other treatments at both soil depths 0-7.5 cm and 7.5-15 cm. The average minimum and maximum soil temperatures were recorded highest in I3M1 and I0M0, respectively at both soil depths 7.5 cm and 15 cm. The maximum available N and P were found in I1M1 and maximum K was found in I2M1. The highest bacterial count (67.51×10-6 g-1), fungi count (25.41×10-2 g-1) and actinomycetes count (42.05×10-3 g-1) were recorded under I2M1. The maximum plant height at 60 DAS (53.66 cm), no. of pods per plant (22.82), minimum days to harvest (61.78) and highest yield (118.53 q ha-1) were recorded in I2M1. Hence, I2M1 (80% ETc + Grass mulch) is considered as most efficient and cost effective irrigation treatment among all other treatments. The highest water use efficiency (4.23 q ha-1 cm-1) and maximum B:C (2.39) ratio were also recorded in I2M1. The study has led to a conclusion that for maximizing growth and yield of French bean in mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh, irrigation schedule I2 (80% ETc) with M1 (Grass mulch) i.e. I2M1 with 28.05 cm as total water requirement through drip irrigation could be the best.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF MULCHING ON PRODUCTIVITY OF PEACH (Prunus persica L. Batsch)(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) SHARMA, RADHIKA; SHARMA, J CABSTRACT Present investigation entitled “Influence of mulching on productivity of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)” was carried out with seven treatments comprising black polythene mulch (BP), mulch mat (MM), transparent polythene mulch (TP), grass mulch (GM) and pine needle mulch (PM), recommended practices (RP) and unmulched control (UM) in order to evaluate the effect of these treatments on soil hydro thermal regimes, physical and chemical properties of soil, yield, productivity quality and benefit cost ratio in peach. The study revealed that highest soil moisture at 0-7.5 and 7.5- 15 cm depths was conserved under the treatment BP followed by MM, GM, PM, TP, RP and UM. The treatment un mulched control maintained lowest soil moisture contents at both depths. At 0730 hr, maximum soil temperature at 7.5 and 15 cm depths was recorded under TP followed by BP, MM, GM, PM, RP and UM. Similarly, at 1430 hr maximum soil temperature at aforesaid depth was recorded under the treatment TP, followed by BP and MM, UM, RP, GM and PM. The organic mulches GM and PM helped in maintaining better hydrothermal regimes of soil by conserving moisture during different phenological stages of peach and avoided temperature fluctuations by increasing the minimum soil temperature and decreasing the maximum soil temperature that enhanced microbial population and improved quality of peach. Total viable count, microbial activity and microbial biomass carbon increased significantly under GM followed by PM and was higher at surface (0-15 cm) over sub surface (15-30 cm). Among the leaf nutrients, K was significantly high under GM. Mulching did not alter physical and chemical properties of soil and in general, OC, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and SO4 -2 content were higher at surface as compared to subsurface. Highest amount of moisture conserved under BP and application of irrigation water in RP during different months enhanced fruit diameter and fruit weight that significantly increased fruit yield and fruit productivity. Trees mulched with BP recorded highest (22.7 t ha-1) fruit productivity closely followed by RP (22.5 t ha-1) whereas lowest was under UM (13.2 t ha-1). All the mulches, except TP, significantly reduced the weed incidence. The higher albedo of black mulch and smothering effect of mulch mat gave hundred per cent weed control efficiency 120 and 150 DAS. Among various treatments tested, for B:C ratio, RP and BP was found to be the most effective and economical, followed by MM and organic mulches (GM and PM) for peach production under rainfed conditions of mid-hill region of Himachal Pradesh.