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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF VEGETABLE GROWING AREAS OF SAPROON VALLEY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) KAKAR, RIDHAM; TRIPATHI, D.ABSTRACT The amount of nutrients removed in harvested crops are generally much higher than the quantity added and hence resulting in exhaustive mining of nutrients from the soil, thus increasing the nutrient related stresses and yield losses. The problem has been further aggravated due to introduction of heavy nutrient feeders and high yielding hybrid varieties. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in 2013-14 to study the nutritional status of Saproon valley of H.P in surface and sub-surfacesoils and to work out a relationship between soil and leaf nutrient status, in order to get higher and sustainable production of vegetable crops. The pH ranged from 6.16 to 7.94 and EC of the surface and sub-surface soils ranged from 0.09 to 1.02 and 0.11 to 0.49 dS m -1 , respectively. The organic carbon content varied from 5.70 to 32.60 and 0.30 to 20.50 g kg -1 in the surface and sub-surface soils, respectively. Available N content ranged from 254.02 to 542.53 and 203.84 to 435.90 kg ha -1 in surface and sub-surface soils, respectively. In surface soils, available P content ranged from 11.20 to 156.80 kg ha -1 whereas, in sub-surface soils, it ranged from 2.24 to 98.56 kg ha -1 . In surface soils available K content ranged from 147.72 to 1915.20 kg ha -1 with and in sub-surface soils it ranged from 165.32 to 1377.60 kg ha -1 . The soils of the valley are medium in available N but high inP and K content. The neutral normal ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg content ranged from 1.53 to 7.11 and 1.10 to 3.67 [cmol (p + ) kg -1 ], with mean values of 3.98 [cmol (p + ) kg -1 ] and 2.43 [cmol (p + ) kg -1 ], irrespective of soil depth. The valley are rich in exchangeable Ca and Mg. Soils of the valley are high in nutrient status with regard to DTPA-Fe, Mn and Cu, medium with respect to DTPA-Zn and low with respect to available S. Macro and micro nutrient elements were found to decrease with soil depth. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in tomato leaf samples variedfrom 3.45 to 5.77, 0.28 to 0.89 per cent and 2.10 to 4.40 per cent. The average concentration of Ca, Mg andS in tomato leaf samples was recorded as 2.23, 1.17 and 0.46 per cent, respectively, showing adequacy of nutrient content in the leaf samples. The majority of leaf samples are sufficient in leaf micronutrient status.OC showed a positive and significant correlation with the nutrient status of the soil. A negative and significant correlation was found between pH and leaf Fe, Mn and Cu content. A negative and significant correlation was worked out between available K content and leaf Ca and Mg. A highly positive and significant correlation of leaf nutrient status with the nutrient status of surface soils indicates that, surface soil is contributing more towards nutrient uptake by the tomato plant. Addition of sulphur andzinc along with FYM and N, P and K fertilizers will help in achieving higher and sustainable production.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF DISTRICT SOLAN (HIMACHAL PRADESH)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) DHINDSA, RAVNEET KAUR; UPADHYAY, G.P.ABSTRACT A laboratory incubation experiment entitled “Influence of organic amendments on chemical and microbiological properties of soils of district Solan (Himachal Pradesh)” was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H. P.) during 2014. Eight types of soil samples were collected from selected areas of Solan district on the basis of soil texture from the depth of 0-15 cm and treated with three organic amendments (Farm yard manure, vermicompost and city waste compost) and one control. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (factorial) with three replications. The studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of organic amendments on different chemical and microbiological properties of different soils. Soil sampling was done from each treatment at an interval of 30, 60, 90 and 120 daysof incubation for determination of all the parameters. Available macro and micronutrients, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, water soluble calcium, potassium and microbial count were increased significantly, whereas exchangeable sodium, water soluble sodium and water soluble magnesium were having no significant effect while on addition of amendments. Organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of different soils decreased with increase in time interval. Farm yard manure and vermicompost improved soil properties more effectively compared to city waste compost. The increase was more pronounced during first two months.ThesisItem Unknown NUTRITIONAL SURVEY OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN KULLU DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) JAMIO, WOSHANTHUNG; TRIPATHI, D.ABSTRACT The investigations entitled "Nutritional survey of apple orchards in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh" were undertaken to determine the nutritional status of apple orchards, located in different blocks of district Kullu and so as to establish therelationships among soil characteristics and nutrient content of soils and plants. Based on uniformity in respect of age and growth a total of 25 apple orchards were selected in five blocks (Kullu, Naggar, Banjar, Anni and Nirmand) of the district. Soil (0-20 and 20-40 cm depths) and plant (leaf) samplescollected from apple orchards were analyzed for some of the physico-chemical properties and for their macro-nutrient (N, P, K, S) and micro-nutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) status. Soil reaction (pH) was found to be slightly acidic to near neutral and electrical conductivity values were in safe limits (0.8 dSm -1 ). Almost all the samples registered high organic carbon content. However, soils were low, medium to high in available N, K and Zn, high in P, Cu, Fe and Mn, whereas S was in sufficient range. Leaf analysis revealed sufficient levels of N, P, Fe and Mn. However, K and Cu were in low to sufficient range, leaf S was found to be medium to high, whereas, Zn was in low, sufficient to high range. Organic carbon was positively and significantly correlated with all the analyzed nutrients. However, its positive relationship with available Fe in surface soils and Mn in sub-surfacesoils was statistically non-significant. Organic was also positively and significantly related with leafN and K, while, P and S were positively related with organic carbon but was statistically non-significant. Surface as well as sub-surface soils exhibited positive relationship with all the analyzed leaf nutrients, however, only N exhibited a positive and significant relationship. It is expected that the present results will be helpful to the growers, planners and other extension agencies for effective and judicious application of fertilizers in order to have higher yields of quality fruits.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC INPUTS ON SOIL HEALTH, YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF TOMATO(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) NANGLIYA, ASHOK KUMAR; UPADHYAY, G.P.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of organic and inorganic inputs on soil health, yield and quality parameters of tomato” were conducted at the research farm of the department of soil science and water management, Nauni, Solan during 2013 with ten treatments and three replications in an organic experiment and six treatments with four replications in an Integrated nutrient experiment in a randomized block design. The representative and composite soil samples were collected from depth 0-20 cms after the harvest of tomato. The studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic inputs on soil health, yield and quality parameters of tomato, vis-à-vis, the benefit cost ratio of different treatment combinations. Application of organics along with inorganics proved to be significantly and numerically better than alone application of organics and inorganics. In the organic experiment, there were no significant difference in soil pH, EC between different treatments, however the soil health, yield, exhibits increasing trend with the application of organic manures. The fruit quality, however, did not show any specific trend with treatments. In the integrated experiment, it was found that the soil health, yield and fruit quality were best in T 6 treatment where NPK were applied in the ratio of 112.5:90:45 kg ha -1 along with 10 t ha -1 FYM and 10 t ha -1 Vermicompost. The minimum values were recorded for all parameters in T1 , where no organic and inorganic inputs were applied. The two experiment when studied in combination showed that the soil health was best maintained under an organic experiment. But when yield is the criterion the maximum yield was obtained under integrated nutrient experiment. The B:C ratio, which is main criterion for adoption of technology was found highest in T4where only inorganic inputs were applied. But in these experiments, it is also found that the soil health as well as yield optimization were best in Integrated nutrient experiment systems.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACY OF WATERSHED INTERVENTIONS ON WATER RESSOURCES, SOILPROPERTIES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF SOME MICROWATERSHEDS OF NALAGARH BLOCK OF DISTRICT SOLAN OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) PRAVEEN, KUMAR; SHARMA, J.C.ABSTRACT Study entitled “Impact of watershed interventions on water resources, soil properties and socio economic status of selected micro-watersheds in Nalagarh block of district Solan of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2013-14 to evaluate integrated watershed management programme (IWMP-II) covering an area of 6947 ha of Nalagarh block of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. Three micro-watersheds namely Bawasani (lAlDlD1d), Mittian (lA1D2D1b) and Koedi (1A1D1D2C) of Chikni khad sub-catchment with an area of 4,671 ha were randomly selected from IWMP-II to assess the impact of watershed interventions after one year completion of project on water resources, production systems, socio-economic status and fertility status of soil of micro-watersheds. Most of the respondents in all the micro-watersheds were resource poor and marginal to small farmers. Literacy rate (70%) and sex ratio (780) of these micro-watersheds were lower than both state and national levels. Intervention through the introduction of Kanchan variety of maize and Dhannaya variety of tomato, resulted increase in productivity of these crops by 0.15-0.35 q/ha and by 3.13-9.37 q/ha, respectively. Distribution of seedlings of suitable varieties of fruit crops encouraged the farmers towards horticulture sector and brought new area of 0.63 ha under different fruit crops in the micro watersheds. Good quality feed making intervention in dairy sector increased on an average half a litre of milk production per day per milching animal. New water harvesting structures (14 kaccha ponds and 4 tanks) were constructed in the micro-watersheds resulted increase in irrigation potential of 15.8 ha (from 212.0-227.8 ha). Watershed interventions on different farm activities led to a slight increase in the farm income of the benefited farmers, farm income of BPL families increased by 2.17 to 4.08 per cent. New livelihood activities like poultry and piggery and 5 SHGs for agriculture, horticulture, dairy, poultry and piggery were created in the micro-watersheds which led to increase in social participation of the watershed inhabitants. Soils of micro-watersheds were found slightly acidic to slightly alkaline in reaction, low to medium in OC and available N, high in available P and medium in available K. The nutrient index of OC was medium (<1.81) and whereas, NI of available N, P and K was found to be of low (<1.75), high (3) and medium (2) category.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED INTERVENTINS ON WATER RESOURCES, SOIL PROPERTIES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF SOME MICROWATERSHEDS OF NALAGARH BLOCK OF DISTRICT SOLAN OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) THAKUR, NITESH; SHARMA, J.C.ABSTRACT Study entitled “Assessment of watershed interventions on water resources, soil properties and production systems of some micro-watersheds of Nalagarh block of district Solan of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2013-14 to evaluate integrated watershed management programme (IWMP-II) covering an area of 6947 ha in Nalagarh block of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. Three micro-watersheds namely Badhokhari (1A2A2O2c), Baila (1A2A2O2b) and Matuli (1A2A2O1c) of Kawaj khad sub-catchment with an area of 2276 ha were randomly selected from six micro-watersheds of IWMP-II to assess the impact of watershed interventions after one year completion of project on water resources, production systems, socio-economic status and fertility status. The sex ratio (859) in the micro-watersheds was lower than both state and national level but literacy rate (78%) was lower than state level but higher than national level. Most of the respondents (50%) in all micro-watersheds were resource poor and marginal land holders. Water resources were developed by making five kaccha ponds in Badhokhari and Baila micro-watersheds which created additional irrigation potential of 1.17 ha. Intervention through the introduction of Kanchan variety of maize increase the productivity by 1.6 q/ha and there was increase in cultivated area under vegetables. Distribution of seedlings of suitable varieties of fruit crops encouraged the farmer towards horticulture sector and brought new area of 0.89 ha under different fruit crops in the micro-watersheds. Good quality feed making interventions in dairy sector increased on an average half a litre of milk production per day per milch animal. New livelihood activities like poultry and piggery and five SHGs for agricultural, horticultural, dairy, piggery and poultry were created in the micro-watersheds which led to increase in community participation and household income of the watershed inhabitants. Soils in the micro-watersheds were slightly acidic to slightly alkaline in reaction, low to medium in OC, low in available N, high in available P and medium in available K. The nutrient index of OC was medium (<1.88) and that of available N, P and K was found to be in low (1), high (3) and medium (2) categories, respectively.ThesisItem Unknown EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND MULCH ON SOIL HYDROTHERMAL REGIMES, WEED INCIDENCE, YIELD AND QUALITY OF APRICOT Cv. New castle(2013) SINGH, SUKHPREET; RAINA, J.N.ABSTRACT Consequences of drip irrigation and mulch on soil hydrothermal regimes, weed population and productivity of apricot have not yet been established in the Himalayan region. Studies were therefore, undertaken conducting field trials on 24 yrs old apricot trees Cv. “New castle” at the research farm of Dr. Y S Parmar, University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2011-2012. Different drip irrigation levels (equal to 100, 80 and 60% ETc.) were evaluated and compared with conventional practices (surface irrigation and rainfed), both with and without mulch. The experiment was arranged in RBD, wherein all treatments were replicated thrice. Under drip irrigation, maximum soil moisture remained confined in the surface (0-30 cm) soil layers. Contrary to this, deeper soil layers (30-50 cm) registered higher moisture content under surface irrigation. Laterally, the wetting front under drip irrigation extended up to 45 cm, however, maximum soil moisture was recorded within 30 cm distance from the emitting point. The moisture distribution under drip irrigation was noted to be three dimensional whereas, it was unidirectional under surface irrigation. Mulch application resulted in 2-3 per cent unit higher soil moisture especially in surface soil layers compared to unmulched condition. Application of mulch significantly increased the minimum soil temperature, however, it failed to alter the maximum soil temperature significantly over unmulched condition. Under drip irrigation, tree growth parameters (annual shoot growth, tree height, spread and canopy volume) were 32 and 35.per cent higher compared to surface irrigation and rainfed, respectively. Application of mulch further resulted in 10 per cent higher tree growth. Drip irrigation registered significantly higher fruit yield compared to surface irrigation and rainfed treatments. Drip irrigation increased the fruit size, weight and volume by about 19, 12 and 28 per cent, respectively over conventional irrigation. Apricot plantation under drip irrigation registered markedly higher water use efficiency (0.41 t ha-1) compared to surface irrigation (0.19 t ha-1). The results were comparable between drip irrigation equal to 100 (with and without mulch) and 80 per cent ETc., (with mulch). The study suggests a saving of 36.2 percent irrigation water under drip irrigation besides significantly higher fruit yield and improved fruit quality characteristics compared to surface irrigation. Drip irrigation in conjunction with mulch further resulted in 15 per cent more savings of irrigation waterThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF LANDUSE SYSTEMS ON RUNOFF, SOIL AND NUTRIENT LOSSES IN Ga3a MICRO-WATERSHED IN DISTRICT SOLAN OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2013) PRAVEEN, KUMAR; RAINA, J.N.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Impact of landuse systems on runoff, soil and nutrient losses in Ga3a micro-watershed in district Solan of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out with a view to ascertain the hydrological, physical and chemical properties, erodibility characteristics and soil and nutrient losses under different landuse systems viz. Forest, Grassland, Orchard, Agriculture and Scrub. On the basis of detailed survey and random sampling, representative soil samples from two depths i.e. 0.0-0.15 and 0.15-0.30 m were collected. Soils were evaluated for their hydraulic, physical and chemical properties and erodibility indices under different landuse systems. Results revealed that the soils of Ga3a microwatershed in district Solan (H.P.) registered slightly acidic to neutral reaction which is conducive for availability of nutrients both from the native as well as from the applied sources. The soils were noted coarser in texture with sand constituting the major fraction. Soils were characterized by high bulk density, inadequate moisture retention and had low available water content. Among the studied landuse systems, grass and forest landuse systems were found to have higher organic carbon. Fertility status of the soils indicated that these were low in available N, medium to high in available P and medium in available K status. According to the erodibility indices based on empirical equations i.e. ER and EI, all the soils were found to be erodible, however, forest and grasslands were comparatively less erodible and more stable. The results get further support from the findings of runoff plot studies wherein total runoff was noted to the extent of 8.1, 9.6, 29.9, 38.5 and 35.8 ha m x 10-3 coupled with soil loss of 0.06, 0.08, 0.55, 0.86 and 0.74 tonnes ha-1 under forest, grassland, orchard, agriculture and scrub landuse systems, respectively. The soils under forest landuse system also registered minimum nutrient losses, whereas maximum nutrient losses occurred in the agricultural landuse system. It may concluded that perrenial vegetation comprising grasses, fruit and forest plantations protects the soils against impact of falling rain drops, increase the interception and hold runoff water on soil surface for longer time. Such impacts reduces the speed of surface runoff, binds the soil mechanically and improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The study further suggest that there is an urgent need to put more and more area under agronomic measures to check the runoff, soil erosion and nutrient losses. Furthermore, there is a need to adopt appropriate soil and water conservation measures for controlling the runoff and nutrient losses, thus sustaining their productivity.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN DISTRICT SHIMLA OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2013) SINGH, KANWAR; RAINA, J.N.ABSTRACT The investigations entitled “Nutritional status of apple orchards in district Shimla of Himachal Pradesh” were undertaken to determine the nutritional status of apple orchards, located in different blocks of district Shimla and to establish the relationships among soil characteristics and nutrient content of soils and plants. Based on uniformity in respect of age and growth a total of 50 apple orchards were selected in ten blocks (Rampur, Chopal, Narkanda-I, Narkanda-II, Theog, Jubbal- Kotkhai, Rohru-I, Rohru-II, Nankhari, and Mashobra ) of the district. Soil (0-20 and 20-40 cm depths) and plant (leaf) samples collected from apple orchards (cv. Royal Delicious) were analyzed for some of the physico-chemical properties and for their macro-nutrient (N, P, K, S) and micro-nutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) status. Soil reaction (pH) was found to be slightly acidic to near neutral and electrical conductivity values were in safe limits (0.8 dSm-1). Almost all the samples registered high organic carbon content. However, soils were low to medium in available N, medium to high in Zn and Cu and high in P, K, Fe and Mn status, whereas S was in sufficient range. Leaf analysis revealed low to sufficient levels of N, P, K, Zn and Cu. However, Fe and Mn were in adequate range, whereas S ( in 2% orchards) and Zn ( in 4% orchards) were found deficient. A significantly negative correlation of pH with available P, Cu, Fe and Mn was observed. Electrical conductivity was significantly and positively correlated with available N, P, S and Zn in surface and with N, K, Zn and Cu in sub-surface soils. Organic carbon was positively and significantly correlated with all the analyzed nutrients both in the surface and as well as subsurface soils. However, its positive relationship with available Cu, Fe and Mn in surface soils was statistically non-significant. Clay content also exhibited an almost similar relationship with the available nutrients. Organic carbon and clay content were also positively and significantly related with leaf nutrients. Surface as well as sub-surface soils exhibited positive and significant relationship with all the analyzed leaf nutrients except P and Zn which were non-significant for surface, and P and K for sub-surface soils. It is expected that the present results will be helpful to the growers, planners and other user agencies for effective and judicious application of fertilizers in order to have higher yields of quality fruits.