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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access REGENERATION AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF Quercus leucotrichophora (A. Camus)FORESTS OF SHIMLA IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) SHARMA, ROHIT; THAKUR, C LABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Regeneration and biomass production of Quercus (A. Camus) forests of Shimla in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh during the year 2018-19 with the aim to assess floristic composition, phytosociology, biomass, carbon stock, regeneration, and soil physico-chemical properties. Four different forest sites bearing Quercus leucotrichophora were selected viz., Mashobra (Site I), Tara Devi(Site II), Tutu(Site III), and Shogi (Site IV). Each forest site was divided into two aspects viz., North-East and North-West. The data were analyzed by using factorial RBD. The vegetation of the study site included eleven tree species. However, the dominant species at all sites was Q. leucotrichophora. Mean density (trees/ha) of Q. leucotrichophora ranged from 316.67 at Site III to 368.33 at Site II and in Q. leucotrichophora bearing forests (total) ranged from 596.67 at Site III to 531.67 at Site IV. Whereas, mean basal area (m2/ha) of Q. leucotrichophora varied from 20.88 at Site III to 27.72 at Site II and in Q. leucotrichophora bearing forests ranged from 36.10 at Site IV to 39.93 at Site II. Vegetation indices of vegetation viz., Shannon Weiner and Species richness exhibited maximum values in Site I whereas Simpson’s diversity and species evenness exhibited maximum values in Site III. The above ground, below ground, total biomass and carbon stock of trees was found highest on North-East aspect as compared to North-western aspect. Tree biomass and carbon stock in Q. leucotrichophora forests showed the precedence: Site II > Site IV > Site I > Site III. Regeneration success was found maximum(58.80%) at Site I followed by Site IV (50.46%), Site II (44.91) and Site III (39.51%). It was found maximum 57.87% in the North-East aspect as that of North-West aspect (38.97%). The pH of the studied forest soil was slightly acidic which ranged from 5.55 on Site II and 6.19 on Site IV. Lowest (0.20 ds/m) and highest (0.24 ds/m) electrical conductivity recorded in Site IV and Site III respectively, the highest SOC 2.92% at Site I and lowest 2.49% at Site III. Nitrogen and Phosphorus were found decreasing in order: Site II > Site I > Site IV > Site III and in Potassium in order: Site I > Site IV Site II> Site III.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF Taxus wallichiana ZUCC. IN RELATION TO ALTITUDE AND ASPECT IN HIMALAYAN MOIST TEMPERATE FOREST OF ROHRU FOREST DIVISION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) RAJ, NILOTPAL; PRABHAKAR, MUKESHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on distribution pattern of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. in relation to altitude and aspect in Himalayan moist temperate forest of Rohru Forest Division in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Dodra Kwar and Khashdhar forest ranges in Rohru Forst Division during the year 2017-19 with the aim to study the floristic composition, phytosociology, regeneration status and soil physio-chemical properties along different altitudinal range and aspects. The study area was divided into three elevation zones, E1=2600-2800 m, E2 =2800-3000 m and E3 = 3000-3200 m in northern and southern aspect. Phytosociological parameters of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation in each elevation and aspect were studied by laying down three sample plots of 0.1 ha for trees, within it five sub-quadrates of size 5m×5m for shrubs and 1m ×1 m for herbs were laid out. Composition, density (trees or ind. ha-1), basal area (m2ha-1) of different vegetation layer for tree, shrub and herb layers were analyzed. The data were analyzed by using factorial RBD factorial. Both forest ranges were comprised of 44 plant species. Maximum density and basal area of trees were present at mid elevation of 2800-3000 m in northern aspect while, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation density and basal area followed decreasing trend along increasing elevation and northern aspect as compared to southern aspect. The regeneration study conducted to know the status of natural regeneration indicated maximum regeneration success (27.77 %) at elevation 2800-3000 m on northern aspect in Dodra Kwar range for Taxus wallichiana. Soil organic carbon, available N were recorded highest on northern aspect while soil bulk density, available P, available K and pH recorded highest on southern aspect. Along the elevation, soil organic carbon, bulk density, available N, K, pH, were decreasing while available P and EC wereincreasing.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL, NATURAL REGENERATION AND SITE CHARACTERISTICS OF Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don IN ALPINE REGION OF WESTERN HIMALAYAS(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) MORAN, ANKUSH; PRABHAKAR, MUKESHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of phytosociological, natural regeneration and site characteristics of Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don in alpine region of Western Himalayas” was carried out during the year 2017-19 with the aim to study the floristic composition, phytosociology, regeneration and site characteristics at different altitudinal range and aspects in Dodra Kwar and Khashdhar Forest Range. The study area was divided into three elevation zones, E1=3000-3200 m, E2 =3200-3400 m and E3 =above m in northern and southern aspect. Phytosociological parameters of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation in each elevation and aspect were studied by laying down three sample plots of 0.1 ha for trees, within it five sub-quadrates of size 5m×5m for shrubs and 1m ×1 m for herbs were laid out. Composition, density (trees or ind. ha-1), basal area (m2 ha-1) of different vegetation layer for tree, shrub and herb layers were analyzed. The data were analyzed by using factorial RBD factorial. Both forest ranges were comprised of 44 plant species. Maximum trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation density, basal area was found on northern aspect as compared to southern aspect. The regeneration study conducted to know the status of natural regeneration indicated maximum regeneration success (52.78%) at elevation 3200-3400 m on northern aspect in Khashdhar range for Rhododendron campanulatum. Soil organic carbon per cent, soil EC and available N, P, K was recorded to be highest on northern aspect as compared to southern aspect. The pH, Bulk density (g cm-3) was maximum on southern aspect as compared to northern aspect. Maximum solar influx per cent was reported on southern aspect as compared to northern aspect in both forest ranges. The main factors responsible for adequate regeneration of Rhododendron campanulatum were soil OC, soil pH, available N, P, K, solar influx, aspect and elevation.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF TREE LOPPING INTENSITIES AND ORGANIC MANURES ON GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE UNDER MULBERRY BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-08) SHASHI KUMAR M C; THAKUR, C LABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of tree lopping intensities and organic manures on growth and yield performance of maize under mulberry based agroforestry system” was carried out at the experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2018-2019. The experiment was designed with split plot design to analyse the impact of tree lopping intensities T0 (No lopping), T1 (25% lopping) T2 (50 % lopping) and T3(75% lopping) with four organic manures S0 (No manure), S1 (FYM), S2 (Jeevamruth) and S3 (Vermicompost) on growth and yield performance of maize under mulberry based agroforestry system. The study revealed that both tree lopping intensity and organic manure application had a significant effect on growth and yield parameters of maize crop. Among different lopping intensities T3 (75% lopping) attained maximum plant height at harvest (2.06m), number of leaves per plant (15.70), cob /spike length (14.50 cm), cob diameter (42.94 mm), number of seeds per cob (429.5), stemdiameter (1.93 cm), grain yield per plant (121.45 g), grain yield per plot (18.52 kg), grain yield per ha (23.03 qtl/ha), 1000 grain weight (213.22 g), dry matter production per plant (316.79 g), stover yield per plant (313.52 kg), stover yield per plot (47.95 kg), stover yield per ha (59.62 qtl/ha) and minimum number of days taken to flowering (64.6 days). Among different organic manures the treatment S3 (Vermicompost) attaining maximum plant height at harvest (2.06 m) number of leaves per plant (15.45), cob /spike length (14.68 cm), cob diameter (42.48 mm), number of seeds per cob (438.0), stem diameter (1.90cm), grain yield per plant (126.53g), grain yield per plot (19.69 kg), grain yield per ha (24.52 qtl/ha), 1000 grain weight (211.93 g), dry matter production per plant (323.55 g), stover yield per plant (322.55 kg), stover yield per plot (50.28 kg), stover yield per ha (62.64 qtl/ha) and minimum number of days taken to flowering (64.3 days) and the combination T3S3 (75% lopping intensity + Vermicompost) recording the best results. Soil physico-chemical properties were improved from initial values to after crop harvest under agroforestry system due to presence of canopy and leaf fall whereas lopping has not shown significant effect on some of soil properties. The availability of nutrients was high, when applied with organic manures in agroforestry system. The benefit cost ratio of growing maize with mulberry ranged from 0.7 to 4.7 with tree lopping of 75% resulting in better economic results compared to other lopping intensities. From the study, it is concluded that integrating maize with Morus alba L offers an excellent opportunity for diversification and high income generating when trees are lopped successfully (75%) and manure treatment S2(Jeevamruth) is suggested as cost effective nutrient module for getting maximum benefits from maize under mulberry based agroforestry system on sustainable basis with good soil health.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PLANT BIODIVERSITY, BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND CARBON DENSITY OF COL. SHER JUNG NATIONAL PARK IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-10) NAIK, S BALAJI; CHAUHAN, VIMAL KUMARABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on Plant Biodiversity, Biomass Production and Carbon Density of Col. Sher Jung National Park in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh during the year 2018-19 with the aim to assess floristic composition, biomass production, carbon density and soil physicochemical properties of major forest communities. Eight different major forest communities were selected viz., Shorea robusta forest, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Syzygium cumini forest, Shorea robust + Terminalia tomentosa forest, Shorea robusta+ Eucalyptus tereticornis forest, Shorea robusta+ Syzygium cumini fores, Shorea robusta+ Diospyros melanoxylon forest and Mixed forest. 90 plant species were recorded in these forests of which 6 were trees, 37 shrubs and 47 herbs. Shannon Weiner index for trees, shrubs and herbs in different forests varied from 0.00-1.60, 2.27-2.83 and 2.74-3.38, respectively. Simpson index for trees, shrubs and herbs in different forests ranged from 0.24-1.00, 0.06-0.10 and 0.37-0.70, respectively and Margelef’s species richness for trees, shrubs and herbs in different forests varied from 0-0.78, 1.10-2.03 and 1.41-2.71, respectively. Phytosociological attributes i.e. density and basal area of trees in different forests varied from 590 (Mixed forest) to 507 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) trees/ha and 52.61 (Sal forest) to 43.59 (Jamun forest) m2/ha, respectively, in shrubs from 4633 (Sal forest ) to 3333 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) plants/ha and 9.30to 6.63 m2/ha, respectively and in herbs from 2,86,000 (Sal+ Tendu forest) to 1,58,000 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) plants/ha and 120.33 to 57.6 cm2/m2, respectively. Total biomass production of trees in different forests varied from 231.62 (Jamun forest) to 753.2 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) t/ha. Carbon stock in different forest communities varied from 374.64 (Jamun forest) to 536.54 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) t/ha. Soil bulk density, Soil organic carbon, pH and EC in soil at 0-20cm depth in different forests varied from 1.17 (Mixed forest) to 1.49 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) g/cm3, 2.52 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) to 2.81 (Jamun forest) % , 5.28 (Sal+ Jamun forest) to 6.84 (Sal+ Eucalyptus) pH, 0.17(Eucalyptus tereticornis) to 0.23(Sal+ Sain and Sal+ Eucalyptus) dSm-1 respectively whereas, in 20-40 cm depth of soil their values were: 0.14 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) to 0.20 (Sal+ Tendu forest) g/cm3, 2.34 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) to 2.67 (Jamun forest) %, 6.08(Jamun forest) to 7.67 (Eucalyptus tereticornis) pH, 0.14(Eucalyptus tereticornis) to 0.20 (Sal+ Tendu forest) dSm-1. The per cent organic carbon and EC showed a decrThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF BAMBOO SPECIES FOR NUTRITIONAL VALUE UNDER SUBTROPICAL AND SUB-TEMPERATE CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-10) RANA, SHEETAL; BHARDWAJ, D RABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of bamboo species for nutritional value under subtropical and sub-temperate conditions of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr.Y.S.Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2018-2019 with the objectives to determine the nutritive value of edible shoots of some bamboo species and to standardize the harvesting height of edible bamboo species. The different species understudies were D. asper, D. hamiltonii, D. giganteus, M. baccifera, B. balcooa, P. bambusoides and P. pubescens which were subjected for the analyses for different nutritive parameters and also for the height variations of these parameters. The present study revealed that the nutritional attributes of shoots of bamboo species varied markedly among different species. The weight of shoot, weight of shoot without sheath, peel weight, peel percentage, edible percentage, moisture content, fat, ash, protein, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, phosphorous, calcium, potassium, phenol and hydrocyanic acid in different bamboo species varied from 229.02 to 669.35g, 107.30 to 323.98g, 119.63 to 345.43g, 50.04 to 54.05%, 45.95 to 49.95%, 87.11 to 92.66%, 0.31 to 0.46%, 0.77 to 1.24%, 2.49 to 3.16%, 3.36 to 4.74%, 2.35 to 4.09mg100g-1, 41.99 to 49.68%, 25.77 to 39.91mg100g -1, 11.91 to 17.88mg100g -1, 403.80 to 526.62mg100g -1, 1.23 to 4.17mg GAEg -1 and 44.78 to 52.57mg 100g -1. Based on the present investigation one cannot point out any one species to be the best. Therefore, from the present study one can conclude that for edible use one has to select a species based on our requirement for a particular nutritional trait. It is better to harvest bamboo species at young stage/age when their shoots have higher protein, antioxidants, ash and low Hydrogen cyanide content because the older shoots become woody with low palatability and digestibility.ThesisItem Open Access ALLOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF SOME IMPORTANT AGROFORESTRY TREE SPECIES OF MID-HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-02) KANWAR, ASTHA; BHARDWAJ, D RABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Allometric estimation of biomass and carbon sequestration potential of some agroforestry tree species of mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out at Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP during the year 2017-18.This study aims at presenting an overview of the current knowledge on allometric relations for estimating stem volume, stem biomass, branch and leaf biomass and aboveground biomass, biomass increment, tree carbon and rate of carbon sequestration on the basis of DBH. The naturally growing scatterd trees of Bauhinia variegata, Celtis australis, Grewia optiva, Morus serrata, Leucaena leucocephala were cross-marked for the study. Volume of trees was calculated using quarter girth formula and transformed into biomass using specific gravity. Biomass was multiplied with carbon content to calculate carbon stock of the multipurpose tree species. The observations regarding diameter at breast height, tree height, crown height, crown width, crown depth, crown area and crown volume were recorded. Various linear, multi-linear and non-linear (Compound, Power, Exponential, Cubic and Quadratic) functions were analysed to estimate the volume, biomass, biomass increment, carbon stock and rate of carbon sequestration. However, in this research equation selection was based on maximum adjusted R2 and minimum standard error. Total biomass, rate of carbon sequestration and carbon content was predicted with good degree of accuracy (0.99-0.80). Adjusted R2 values for total biomass with diameter at breast height was as: B. variegata (0.93), C. australis (0.92), G. optiva (0.93), L. leucocephala (0.84) and M. serrata (0.86). Similarly, adjusted R2 values for rate of carbon sequestration with diameter at breast height were as: B. variegata (0.99), C. australis (0.80), G. optiva (0.84), L. leucocephala (0.99) and M. serrata (0.99). Further adjusted R2 values for carbon content with diameter at breast height was as: B. variegata (0.92), C. australis (0.97), G. optiva (0.90), L. leucocaephala (0.80) and M. serrata (0.87). The allometric equation developed in the present study can be utilized for estimating the availability of leaf, branch and total biomass of farmlands.ThesisItem Open Access PROPAGATION OFBerberis lycium Royle: AN IMPORTANT SHRUB OF MID-HIMALAYA THROUGH SEED AND STEM CUTTINGS(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-11) VERMA, SACHIN; PRABHAKAR, MUKESHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Propagation of Berberis lycium Royle: an important shrub of mid-Himalaya through seed and stem cuttings” was conducted in laboratory and nursery of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173230 (HP) during 2017-2018. Berberis lycium is a medically important shrub /small tree belong to the family berberidaceae. There is enormous biotic pressure on this shrub species and natural regeneration is poor. It is very hard to propagate Berberis lycium through seed and stem cuttings. A very little information is available concerning the germination of this species. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different treatments and bio-regulators on the germination of Berberis lycium. The harvested seeds were stratified in perforated poly bags. Three batches of seed were placed for stratification at 15 days interval for 15, 30 and 45 days at four different temperature viz., 11-22˚C, +5˚C, 0±1˚C and -5˚C. Gibberellic acid was applied in three different concentrations (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm) and one control. In second experiment, effect of various pre-sowing treatments and different potting mixture was studied under nursery conditions. In third experiment effect of IBA under field condition was analyzed for the rooting behaviour. From the present investigation it is concluded that a stratification period of 30 days at 0±1˚C temperature followed by soaking in 200 ppm of gibberellic acid excelled over other treatments and registered maximum germination percent (70.00%), germination energy (60.00%), germination capacity (75.00%), mean daily germination (2.33) and peak value (4.30).Among different pre-sowing seed treatments the seeds treated with cow urine registered significantly maximum germination percent (65.33%), germination energy (61.33%), germination capacity (65.33%), mean daily germination (0.63) and peak value (1.00). The seed sown in potting mixture consisting of soil + sand + FYM in ratio 1:1:1 (M4) registered maximum seedling growth and biomass production parameters. In field conditions, cuttings treated with different IBA concentrations, T5 (0.6%IBA+1%captan+2%sucrose-talc) recorded the maximum sprouting percent (36.66%) and rooting percent (30.33%ThesisItem Open Access GROWTH AND CARBON STORAGE POTENTIAL OF IMPORTANT AGROFORESTRY TREES OF NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-10) ROSHANZADA, SAYED RAFIULLAH; PANT, K SABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Growth and Carbon Storage Potential of Important Agro- forestry Trees of north-west Himalaya” was carried out at Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP during the year 2017-18. Agroforestry is considered as a mitigation and adaptation tool to climate change. Agroforestry system are now a day the subject of many investigations all over the world. This is because of their potential for carbon storage. The contribution of this system to climate change mitigation has to do with the organic carbon storage in trees. This study aims at presenting an overview of the current knowledge on allometric relations for estimating stem volume, stem biomass, branch and leaf biomass and aboveground biomass on the basis of DBH and Height of tree and growth pattern curve, carbon storage and developed various allometric equations on selected Agroforestry trees. Total seven species including 210 trees were marked selected in the present study. The maximum adjust R2 found in; Albizia chinensis where quadratic function showed the highest adj R2 (0.993) on the basis of DBH and according to the height of tree (H), the best fit was also quadratic, which showed adj R2 in the value of (0.695), on the other hand for six species trees, power function was the best significant equation which modified the highest adj R2 for the following specieses, that are Albizia lebbeck (0.964), Acacia mollissima (0.992), Melia composita (0.990), Dalbergia sissoo (0.992), Toona ciliata (0.888) and Ulmus villosa (0.990) recorded on the basis of DBH, however, to the Height of tree as a independent variable, the best equation was sigmoid which showed the adj R2 value in Albizia lebbeck (0.480), Acacia mollissima (0.530), Melia composita (0.598), Dalbergia sissoo (0.551), Toona ciliata (0.645) and Ulmus villosa (0.597). The total biomass (AGB + BGB) was calculated using specific gravity and root-shoot ratio. Branch and leaves biomass of each species was estimated using biomass expansion factor (BEF) of trees as per the guidelines of IPCC (2003). All biomass values were converted to tree biomass carbon by multiplying factor of 0.5. However, in this research, equation selection was based on adjust R2 and minimum standard error. The allometric equation developed in the present study can be utilized for future allometric relations for estimating of tree component and carbon storage of species under study.