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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access BIOMASS PRODUCTION, NUTRIENT CYCLING AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF BAMBOO PLANTATIONS IN MID-HILLS, SUB-MONTANE AND LOW HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-12) YOURMILA, KUMARI; BHARDWAJ, D.R.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Biomass production, nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration potential of bamboo plantations in mid-hills, sub-montane and low hills of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out at three sites of Dr YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh viz., experimental field of Department of SAF at Nauni, comprising of 7 bamboo species under pure bamboo plantation and 3 bamboo species under bamboo based agroforestry system in mid-hill conditions, RHRS Jacch, Kangra comprising of 5 bamboo species under bamboo based agroforestry system in sub-montane conditions and RHRS Bajaura, Kullu comprising of 4 tree species in combination with Phyllostaychys pubescens, during 2015-2016. The results revealed that Dendrocalamus hamiltonii showed better growth and development in pure bamboo plantation under mid-hill conditions. Whereas, in bamboo based agroforestry system, Bambusa balcooa displayed better growth behavior than Dendrocalamus asper and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Under submontane low hill conditions, the growth was better in Bambusa bambos when planted in agroforestry system while, Phyllostachys pubescens showed better growth and development behaviour when planted under the canopy of Platanus orientalis. The biomass of different bamboo species was affected significantly due to variation in climatic conditions of HP. In pure bamboo plantation under mid-hill conditions, Dendrocalamus asper produced maximum biomass whereas, in bamboo based agroforestry system, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii produced maximum biomass. In bamboo based agroforestry system under sub-montane and low-hill conditions, Bambusa bambos showed highest biomass production while, Phyllostachys pubescens produced highest biomass when planted with Platanus orientalis. Irrespective of bamboo species, the biomass production enhanced with increasing culm age. Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii and Bambusa bambos showed better carbon sequestration potential under mid-hill and sub-montane conditions, respectively. Under mid hill conditions, Dendrocalamus asper showed better nutrient cycling in pure plantation as well as in bamboo based agroforestry system while, under sub-montane low hill conditions, Bambusa bambos showed better nutrient cycling under bamboo based agroforestry system. In temperate climatic conditions, better nutrient status was recorded in soil under Phyllostachys pubescens and Platanus orientalis. Except for soil pH, all the soil physico-chemical and microbiological parameters decreased with increase in soil depth.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IDENTIFICATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF EXISTING AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN SIRMAUR DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-12) TIWARI, PRABHAT; PANT, K.S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on identification and socio-economic status of existing agroforestry systems in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Sirmaur district which is located between 30°22'30"–31°01'20" N latitude and 77°01'12"–77°49'40" E longitude in Himachal Pradesh. The climate in this area is sub-tropical to temperate depending upon the elevation. The inclusion of woody perennials within farming systems, has been practiced as a traditional land use and livelihood option since time immemorial. For the study, Sirmaur district were selected and in district three altitudinal zones were prepared, such as altitudinal zone I (<1000m amsl), zone II (1000-2000m amsl), zone III (>2000m amsl) and in each altitudinal zone, four panchayats were selected and in each selected panchayats, three farmers category were made namely, marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5 ha). Finally from each farmer category five farming families were taken for the study. Socioeconomic status of farmers, vegetation composition, biomass, economic viability and technological constraints in the system have been studied during the research. The average family size of sampled households were 6.90, 5.67 and 7.35 persons/household with average literacy rate 85.09 to 88.29 per cent ranging from altitude zone I to altitude zone III. The results found that prevalent agroforestry systems in study area were AS, ASH, AH, ASP, PS, SP and PSH, among these system types most predominant were AS, ASH and AH systems. The maximum above ground biomass production in three altitudinal zones was noticed in ASH under zone I (25.82 t ha-1), while in three farmers category, it was maximum in ASH with small farmers (22.81 t ha-1). Higher above ground biomass production of pastoral agroforestry systems among three altitudinal zone was recorded in SP under zone III (22.86 t ha-1) whereas, in three farmers category was recorded maximum in SP under marginal farmers (23.11 t ha-1). Similar trends were also noticed in the below ground and total biomass production. Maximum net returns among three altitudinal zones was reported in AH under zone III (Rs. 3,37,716/-), while in three farmers category, it was recorded maximum in AH under small farmers(Rs. 2,46,070/-). In pastoral agroforestry systems highest net profit among three altitudinal zones was noticed in ASP under zone I (Rs. 82,675/-), on the other hand in three farmers category was recorded higher net profit was recorded in ASP under marginal farmers (Rs. 82,746/-). Benefit-Cost ratio of agroforestry systems among three altitudinal zones was noticed highest in AH under zone III (2.37), while in three farmers category was recorded maximum in AH under medium farmers (2.27). Pastoral agroforestry systems was observed highest BC ratio in PSH under zone II (2.20), on the other hand among three farmers category, it was found maximum in PSH under small farmers (2.21). Technological gaps identifying the socio-economic and other constraints have highlighted the inherent weakness of existing AF systems. The most prominent among these constraints includes disproportionate applications of insecticides/pesticides and fertilizers, fragmented landholdings, lack of efficient marketing channels, communication gap between lab to land and ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro-processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions and opening of govt. authorized sale centers at accessible places etc. From the above study it is concluded that AH system type found to be best for economic point of view, hence these systems may be recommended to the Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF Morus alba ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-11) BHUYAN, BANDAN KUMAR; THAKUR, C.L.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of Morus alba on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moh) under rainfed conditions” was carried out at experimental field of the Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. during the year 2016. The investigation was conducted with a view to ascertain the effects of different organic manure combinations [T1: Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) i.e NPK @ 76 kg, 57 kg and 54 kg per hectare + FYM (10 t ha-1), T2: 50% Vermicompost (25.33 q ha-1) + 50% RDF + FYM, T3: 75% Vermicompost (38 q ha-1) +25% RDF + FYM, T4: 100% Vermicompost (50.66 q ha-1) + FYM, T5: 50% Goat manure (12.66 q ha-1) + 50% RDF + FYM, T6: 75% Goat manure (19 q ha-1) + 25% RDF + FYM, T7: 100% Goat manure (25.33 q ha-1) + FYM, T8: 50% Poultry manure (12.54 q ha-1) + 50% RDF + FYM, T9: 75% Poultry manure (18.81 q ha-1) + 25% RDF + FYM and T10: 100% Poultry manure (25.08 q ha-1) + FYM ] and planting conditions (1m from tree trunk, 2m from tree trunk and open condition) on the growth and yield of okra and physicchemical properties of soil. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design comprising of 10 treatment combinations. All organic manure combinations had significant effect on the growth and yield attributes of okra except plant height, inter nodal length, fruit weight and fruit volume. Planting conditions had a significant influence on some growth and yield attributes of Okra viz; germination, plant height, days to first flower, inter nodal length, below ground biomass, above ground biomass, fruit length and yield per hectare but had non significant effect on number of nodes per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit volume, weight of seed per fruit and 100 seed weight. Organic manure combinations and planting conditions also had significant effect on soil properties except on bulk density and particle density. From the present investigation it can be concluded that T10 i.e. 100%Poultry manure (25.08 q ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1) under open condition gave the best results of growth and yield attributes of Okra. However, soil physico-chemical properties were found to be higher in plots treated with T10 at one meter distance from tree trunk. Therefore, 100% poultry manure (25.08 q ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1) can be recommended to the farmers to grow okra under agroforestry system.ThesisItem Open Access CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Grewia optiva DRUMMOND BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN MID HILL ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-11) SHARMA, HARISH; THAKUR, C.L.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Crop production and soil physico-chemical properties of Grewia optiva Drummond based agroforestry system in mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted in the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry under College of Forestry, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during year 2016-17 on farmers fields who have been practicing traditional agroforestry. The investigation was aimed at determining the effect of Grewia optiva Drummond on the production of kharif season crops and on soil physico-chemical properties. For study purpose, trees were categorized into three crown classes as- Crown class I (C1) – less than 3 m crown spread, Crown class II (C2) - 3-6 m crown spread and Crown class III (C3) - greater than 6 m crown spread. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design (factorial) and the parameters were studied along radial transects in all the four directions at 1m, half the crown radius, perimeter of crown radius and outside the canopy (control) by plotting quadrat of 1×1 m2. The observations were recorded on various growth and yield parameters of kharif season crops viz., Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum and Vigna mungo. Crown classes of trees exerted lesser effect on growth parameters of crops except pulse crop, however, it affected the yield of the crops. Tree proximity, significantly affected growth and yield parameters of crops where crops outside the tree canopy resulted in better growth and yield parameters as compared with crops under tree canopy. Soil physico-chemical properties were found to be improved under tree canopy as compared with outside tree canopy. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that distance from trees significantly affected crop growth and yield parameters. Shade seems to be the major limiting factor for reduced growth and yield of crop under tree canopy.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BIOECONOMIC APPRAISAL AND EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF Ocimum sanctum UNDER STONE FRUIT BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-07) SHARMA, SHIVANI; PANT, K.S.ABSTRACT The current study entitled “Studies on bioeconomic appraisal and effect of organic manure on biomass production of Ocimum sanctum under stone fruit based agroforestry system” was carried out at experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan- 173230 (HP), India. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. The study aim at exploring the possibilities of successful cultivation of medicinal plant as intercrop under two different systems along with usage of different doses of organic manure. The experiment comprised of 7 treatments, which included three different doses of FYM (15t/ha, 20t/ha and 25t/ha), three different doses of Jeevamrut (180ml/plant, 300ml/plant and 420ml/plant) and one control (no manre). The observations were taken at three distances from the tree i.e. 1m, 2m and 3m. The results revealed that MAPs can be grown successfully under agroforestry system. All the growth and yield parameter of medicinal plant were found highest in 420ml/plant Jeevamrut at a distance of 3m away from trees. The use of organic manures further improves the production ability of intercrop by minimizing competition for critical resources. Soil physical and chemical properties were found to be better in intercropping as compared to control. The availability of nutrients like N, P, K and Organic carbon were high where, higher doses of organic manures were applied in agroforestry system at a distance of one meter away from trees. Soil pH and organic carbon were also improved in agroforestry system than sole crop. The findings of present study suggested that cultivation of M&APs in combination with fruit trees, especially peach may be recommended for better economic return from agroforestry system. It also suggested that the agroforestry system have higher potential of producing biomass. Thus integrating M&APs with stone fruits offers an excellent opportunity for diversification and high income generation than monoculture. It will also open new vistas for the research to evaluate the performance of M&APs under tree canopy.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF BIOMASS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) INDU, RAJ; SHARMA, D.P.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled "Assessment of biomass and Carbon sequestration potential of Shorea robusta (Gaertn.f.)" was carried out in the experimental area between latitude 30 O34’41”N to 30 O34’58”N latitude and the longitude 77 O42’34” E to 77 O44’15” E in the sub-tropical zone of Paonta Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh with an elevation from 300-400 m above mean sea level (a.m.sl.). The pure plantation area of Shorea robusta was selected in Rajban Forest having C-7 and C-8 compartments near Rajban and compartments having C-16 and C-17 compartments near Garibnath of Paonta Range. The observations regarding diameter at breast height and tree height were recorded. Various linear and nonlinear (Compound, Power, Exponential, Sigmoid, cubic, log-linear and quadratic functions were analysed to estimate the volume, biomass and carbon of Shorea robusta. Power function (Y= a(D2H)x) where Y is the dependent variable and D is diameter at breast height and H is tree height) was best fitted for all the selected parameters. To estimate stem volume based on diameter at breast height with adjusted R2 value as (0.98), based on height with adjusted R2 value as (0.72), based on Basal area with adjusted R2 value as (0.98) and based on D2H with adjusted R2 value as (0.999). Similarly for basal area the power function was best fitted with adjusted R2 values as (0.98) based on diameter at breast height, (0.72) based on height, (0.98) based on Basal area and (0.99) based on D2H. Similarly, an adjusted R2 value for biomass carbon with diameter at breast height as independent variable was 0.98, with height as independent variable was 0.72, with Basal area was 0.981 and with D2H was 0.99. However, in this research, model comparison and selection was based on adjusted R2, goodness of fit, Theil’s-U statistics and finally undergone cross-validation to ensure further adequacy. Power function was best fitted among all the linear and non-linear functions. After testing the model, D2H was best variable with the accuracy of 99 percent due to combination of both diameter and height.ThesisItem Open Access LAND USES APPRAISAL ALONG ELEVATION GRADIENT IN CENTRAL HIMALAYA(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) YADAV, RAM PRAKASH; GUPTA, B.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Land uses appraisal along elevation gradient in Central Himalaya” was carried out in 2B4D6-watershed, located between 29° 24’ and 29° 52’ N latitude and 79°30’ to 79°51’ E longitude in Uttarakhand. The climate of the area is sub-tropical in lower regions and wet-temperate in the upper parts. It receives annual precipitation around 1350 mm. The watershed was divided into five elevation zones viz., E1 (<1100m), E2 (1101-1400m), E3 (1401- 1700m), E4 (1701-2000m) and E5 (>2000m). At each elevation, two land uses viz., miscellaneous and grasslands were studied in detail for their soil properties, floristic composition, phytosociology, biomass, carbon stock and economics. In miscellaneous land use two types of agroforestry systems were identified a) agriculture based agroforestry systems viz., agrisilviculture (AS), agrihorticulture (AH), agrihortisilviculture (AHS), agrisilvihorticulture (ASH), and b) silvipasture systems viz., chir pine silvipasture (SPCP), mixed-forest silvipasture (SPM) and banjoak silvipasture (SPBO). The average family size in the watershed was 4.67 persons/household with average literacy of 83.03 %. Average fodder and fuel wood consumption was 26.54 and 18.65 kg/household/day, respectively. 75.93 % of total requirement of energy of the people is met from forests. Peoples’ main profession is agriculture. Socio-economic variables responsible for adoption of agroforestry in the area are: farmer’s farm size, sex ratio, diversified output, income generation and livestock activities. Soil properties viz., pH, EC, MC, BD, SOC, MBC, MBN, WOC MBC/MBN ratio, contribution of microbial biomass C to organic C and microbial population (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) differed significantly with systems and elevations. In the area wheat, mustard, barley, toria and pea are main rabi crops, whereas finger millet, barnyard millet, paddy, soybean, are main cereal crop in kharif season. Prominent trees in agroforestry systems are: Grewia optiva, Celtis australis, Ficus palmata, Bauhinia variegata, Ficus roxburghii, Morus alba and Toona ciliata whereas, pear, apricot, pomegranate, lemon, walnut, peach, pecannut, apple and plum are the major fruit trees in these systems. In silvipasture systems 145 genera with 168 plant species were recorded, whereas, in grassland 120 genera with 146 plant species were noticed. In chirpine silvipasture, mixed-forest silvipasture, banjoak silvipasture and grasslands, density (tillers/m2) of herbage vegetation was highest at elevation E1 than other elevations. The respective peak herbage density in these systems was: 981.56, 966.45, 861.78 and 1072.89. The mean aboveground biomass of vegetation in agriculture based agroforestry systems decreased in the order: ASH (55.45 t ha-1) > AHS (52.93 t ha-1) > AS (42.05 t ha-1) > AH (39.80 t ha-1). In silvipasture systems mean aboveground biomass was maximum in SPBO (66.65 t ha-1) that decreased to 66.19 t ha-1 in SPCP and to 60.91 t ha-1 in SPM, whereas in grasslands it was 3.71 t ha-1. Similar decrease in belowground biomass was recorded. In grasslands, belowground and total biomass was recorded to the tune of 2.19 t ha-1 and 5.90 t ha-1. The mean aboveground biomass carbon in agriculture based agroforestry systems was significantly high (25.17 t C ha-1) in ASH and it decreased in other agroforestry systems in the order: AHS (24.04 t C ha-1) >AS (19.20 t C ha-1) > AH (17.74 t C ha-1). In silvipasture systems it was maximum (29.99 t C ha-1) in SPBO followed by SPCP (29.79 t C ha-1) and SPM (27.41 t C ha-1), and whereas it was 1.67 t C ha-1 in grasslands. Belowground and total carbon stock in vegetation of agriculture based agroforestry systems and silvipasture systems followed the trend observed in belowground biomass and total biomass. In grassland belowground carbon stock was 0.98 t C ha-1 and total carbon stock was 2.65 t C ha-1. In agroforestry systems, vegetation biomass and their carbon stock increased significantly with increase in elevation, whereas it was vice-versa in grasslands. In agriculture based agroforestry systems maximum soil carbon density (59.54 t C ha-1) was recorded in AHS that decreased to 59.00 t C ha-1 in ASH, 55.75 t C ha-1 in AH and minimum was recorded as 54.90 t C ha-1 in AS. In silvipasture systems significantly high soil carbon density (74.88 t C ha-1) was recorded in SPBO and followed by SPM as 66.48 t C ha-1 and SPCP as 65.26 t C ha-1. In grasslands soil carbon density was 65.88 t C ha-1. Among agriculture based agroforestry systems, agrihorticulture was more remunerative to the farmers with Rs. 182163.45 ha-l yr-1 net return and benefit-cost ratio as 2.53 compared to any other systems.ThesisItem Open Access DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF VEGETATION IN RELATION TO ALTITUDE AND ASPECT IN SUB-TROPICAL REGION OF WESTERN HIMALAYA(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) SANTOSH, KUMAR; PRABHAKAR, MUKESHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Distribution pattern of vegetation in relation to altitude and aspect in sub-tropical region of Western Himalaya” was conducted in surrounding of Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh, during the year 2015-16 with the aim to study the floristic composition, biomass and carbon stock and soil physico-chemical properties at different altitudinal range and aspects. The study area divided into three elevation zones, E1=900-1200 m, E2 = 1200-1500 m and E3 =1500-1800 m in northern and southern aspect. Structural and functional parameters of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation in each elevation and aspect were studied by laying down three sample plots of 0.1 ha for trees, one sub plots of 5m×5m and a quadrat of 1×1 m2 were marked to study shrubs and herbs characteristics in each sample plot respectively. Composition, density (trees or plants/ha), basal area (m2/ha), biomass (t/ha), carbon stock (t/ha) of different vegetation layer for tree, shrub and herb layers were analyzed. The data were analyzed by using factorial RBD. These forests comprised of 38 families with 51 genera and 55 plant species. Vegetation indices of tree and shrub viz., Shannon Weiner, Simpson’s diversity and Species richness were highest in southern aspect as compare to northern aspect. For herbaceous vegetation Shannon Weiner and Species richness exhibited maximum values in northern aspect as compare to southern aspect. While Simpson’s diversity was maximum in southern aspect as compare to northern aspect. For tree density, basal area, volume, biomass and carbon stock was highest on northern aspect as compare to southern aspect. For shrubs and herbs were found higher on southern aspect as compare to northern aspect. Soil organic carbon (%) observed (1.76) highest on northern aspect and lowest (1.37) was recorded on southern aspect. The pH, Bulk density (g cm-3) was maximum on southern aspect as compare to northern aspect.ThesisItem Open Access GROWTH, REGENERATION AND PROPAGATION OF Olea glandulifera Wall. ex. G. Don.(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) RAJENDRA, MHAISKAR PRIYA; GUPTA, B.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Growth, regeneration and propagation of Olea glandulifera Wall. ex. G. Don” was carried out in Bathalghati near Arki (HP) and Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y S Parmar UHF, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2014-2016. Seeds were collected from three of diameter classes of tress viz., D1 (10-20cm), D2 (20-30cm) and D3 (30-40cm) at 15 days interval starting from 27th December 2014 (H1) to 21st February 2015 (H5). These seeds were germinated in laboratory and various germination parameters were recorded up to 40th day from the start of germination. The seeds collected on 7th February, 2015 (H4) from 20-30 cm diameter class trees showed best germinability. The same seeds when used subsequently in the second year for germination tests showed almost 50% reduction in germinability parameters. Some seeds were stratified for 4 and 8 weeks at four temperatures i.e. T1 (room temperature), T2 (3±1 oC), T3 (0 oC) and T4 (-3±1 oC) and treated with 100 ppm and 200 ppm GA3 and then germinated. Seeds treated with 200 ppm GA3 and stratified for 8 weeks at 3±1 oC showed highest germination and seedling growth parameters. Some Seeds were stored at 3 different temperatures viz., room temperature (T1), 3±1 oC (T2) and - 3±1 oC (T3) in 3 different storage containers viz., C1 (Polythene bags), C2 (Plastic container) and C3 (Earthen pots) for 4 different storage periods of 2 (M1), 4(M2), 6 (M3) and 8 (M4) months. Seeds stored in plastic jars at 3±1 oC for 2 months showed highest germinabilty parameters. Vegetative propagation was done by collecting stem cuttings from trees in rainy (S1) and spring (S2) seasons and planted in nursery after treating them with 10 different formulations of growth hormones prepared in talc viz., T1 (Control – talc only), T2 (5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose), T3 (0.5 % IBA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose), T4 (1.0 % IBA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose), T5 (1.5 % IBA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose), T6 (2.0 % IBA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose), T7 (0.5 % NAA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose), T8 (1.0 % NAA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose), T9 (1.5 % NAA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose) and T10 (2.0 % NAA + 5 % Captan + 5 % Sucrose). The stem cuttings treated with 1.0% IBA + 5% Captan + 5% Sucrose (T4) formulation and planted in rainy season exhibited highest rooting, root characteristics and survival. Natural regeneration was studied in three different sites located at different elevations viz., E1 (700-800mts), E2 (800-900mts) and E3 (900-1000mts). The number of recruits, unestablished plants and established plants ranged from 250 to 700, 125 to 200 and 100 to 175, respectively. The regeneration success in O. glandulifera forest was low and it ranged between 6.25% and 13.75%. Soil analysis of the three sites showed that pH of the soil ranged from 5.48 to 6.22, organic carbon from 1.24 % -3.07 %,), available nitrogen from 101.84 kg/ha to 266.71 kg/ha, available phosphorous from 20.77 kg/ha to 35.64 kg/ha and available potassium from 179.67 kg/ha to 269.78 kg/ha in 0-30 cm soil depth. The aboveground, belowground and total biomass production of O. glandulifera trees was estimated as 94.81, 20.86 and 115.67 t/ha, respectively. Various linear and non-linear functions were tested for determining best relationships among different components of trees