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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF BEE ATTRACTANTS ON QUALITY SEED PRODUCTION OF ONION (Allium cepaL.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) SUJATA, KUMARI; RANA, KIRANABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on the effect of bee attractants on quality seed production of onion (Allium cepa L.) were carried out using cv. Palam Lohit. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (factorial) in the field and Laboratory with three replications of each treatment at Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif 2012-13. The treatments were comprised of spray with Bee Scent @ 2.5%, Bee Scent @ 5%, Bee Scent @ 7.5%, sugar solution @ 5%, sugar solution @ 10%, honey solution @ 1%, honey solution @ 2%, cropbagged without pollinators and crop without any spray (control). The observations were recorded in the field on pollinator fauna of onion, evaluation of bee attractants in attracting the bees, effect of bee attractants on quantitative (number of umblets/umbel, number of seeds/umbel, per cent seed set, per cent deformed seeds, seed yield/plot, seed yield/ha, 1000 seed weight and benefit: cost ratio) and qualitative (germination percentage, SVI-L and SVI-M) parameters of onion seed. The results revealed thatin total 19 insects belonging to 17 genera under 8 families and 3 orders were recorded. Syrphids were dominant insect visitors among various pollinators visited to onion bloom followed by bees and other pollinators. Bee Scent @ 7.5% proved best in attracting the bees, syrphids and other pollinators upto third day. followed by Bee Scent @5% and 2.5%. Bee Scent @ 7.5%, 5% and 2.5% proved equally good with respect to quantitative (number of umblets/umbel, number of seeds/umbel, per cent seedset, per cent deformed seeds, seed yield/plot, seed yield/ha and 1000 seed weight) andqualitative (germination percentage, SVI-L, SVI-M) parameters of onion seed. Therefore on the basis of results, it is suggested that Bee Scent @ 2.5 per cent may be recommended.ThesisItem Open Access BIOASSAY OF NEW CHEMISTRY INSECTICIDES AND BOTANICALS AGAINST TOBACCO CATERPILLAR, Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) ON CAPSICUM(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) THAKUR, AMITA; CHANDEL, R.P.S.ABSTRACT Intrinsic toxicity of insecticides namely fipronil, flubendiamide, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin and indoxacarb was studied against 3 rd instar larvae of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). Amongchemical insecticides, indoxacarb was the most toxic against the test insect with LC50 value of 0.0011 (fiducial limits: 0.0009 and 0.0014) followed by fipronil (0.0014 %) (fiducial limits: 0.0012 and 0.0017), chlorfenapyr (0.0024 %) (fiducial limits: 0.0019 and 0.0031), flubendiamide (0.0038 %) (fiducial limits: 0.0028 and 0.0050) and deltamethrin (0.0055 %) (fiducial limits: 0.0043 and 0.0069) percent. The respective LC 90values obtained were 0.0067 (fiducial limits: 0.0036 and 0.0124), 0.0053 (fiducial limits: 0.0037 and 0.0076), 0.0151 (fiducial limits: 0.0084 and 0.0269), 0.0272 (fiducial limits: 0.0134 and 0.0553) and 0.0336 (fiducial limits: 0.0202 and 0.0558) per cent. In case of botanicals, aqueous extracts of neem seed kernels and darek drupes resulted in dosage-dependent mortalityof eggs of S. liturawith LC50values of 4.0703 (fiducial limits: 3.2831 and 5.0464) and 4.4454 (fiducial limits: 3.7257 and 5.3041), and LC 90values of 35.7757 (fiducial limits: 19.9433 and 64.1770) and 29.1018 (fiducial limits: 19.8862 and 42.5880) per cent, respectively. Aqueous extracts of neem seed kernels and darek drupes exhibited strong antifeedant action against 3 rd instar larvae of S. litura as the caterpillar consumed only 21.6, 16.2, 11.4, 7.4 and 2.8 cm 2 and 21.8, 16.6, 13.8, 6.6 and 3.2 cm 2 leaf area when treated with 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 and 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 per cent concentrations of neem and darek extracts, respectively, as against 46.0 and 48.8 cm 2 in control treatments, respectively. These extracts at 0.25 and 0.5 per cent each also reduced the weight of 4 th and 6 th instar larvae developed from larvae treated during 3 rd instar significantly over control.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF Coriandrum sativum Linn.(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) THAKUR, PRIYANKA; THAKUR, ANJUABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Effect of water stress on seed yield and quality of Coriandrum sativum Linn.” was carried out at the experimental farm and laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology (SST), Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P) during 2012 - 2013. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of various magnitudes of water stress i.e. 25, 50 and 75% deficit on seed yield and quality of coriander. In addition, effect of water stress on underlying physiological and biochemical changes was also studied. Water stress conditions imposed at flower forming phase for 15 days resulted in significant reduction in plant growth viz. shoot height, branch number, umbel number , umbellet number , fresh and dry weight of rootand shoot both and root-shoot ratio. Yield characteristics i.e. seed number and seed weight showed substantial reduction as compared to unstressed plants. The maximum reduction in growth and yield attributes was registered for plants subjected to 75% water deficit. Whereas, growth and yield was not substantially affected at 25% water deficit. Quality of seeds harvested from stressed plants was lower in terms of germination percent, mean germination time and seedling vigour. The results of the study helped in assessing the yield losses when water availability is limited and also to find the tolerance of coriander to water stress. Physiological indices viz. Water potential, canopy temperature depression, quantum efficiency of PS-II and enzymes namely catalase and dehydrogenase showed inhibition under all water stressed regimes with maximum inhibition under 75% water stress. Osmoregulating substances i.e. total free amino acid, total free proline and total soluble sugars showed increased accumulation with increasing magnitude of water stress which helped in enhancing drought tolerance at mild water stress. The studies indicated that water stress imposed at flowering stage reduced seed yield substantially therefore the crop must not suffer from water stress of higher magnitude during and after flowering inorder to sustain yield.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SEED PRODUCTION IN BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) MAAN, GURDAS; MEHTA, D.K.ABSTRACT Inorganic fertilizers alone cannot sustain high levels of productivity and causes deterioration of the soil environment and results in low productivity. Therefore, present investigation was carried outto develop integrated nutrient management technology for seed production of bell pepper. The experiment was conducted at Khaltoo experimental farm and laboratory of Department Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during the 2012 and 2013. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in field and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in lab with four replications. The treatments comprised of T 1: control (100% RDF of NPK i.e. 100:75:55 kg/ha), T2 : Azotobacter+ PSB + 75% NPK, T3 : Azotobacter+ PSB + 50% NPK, T 4 : PGPR 1 +75% NPK, T 5 : PGPR1 +50%NPK, T 6: PGPR2 +75% NPK and T7: PGPR2 + 50%NPK. Analysis of data revealed significant differences among treatment for the year 2012 and 2013 as well as pooled analysis for all the traits studied. On the basis of pooled analysis it is evident that T 2 i.e. Azotobacter + PSB + 75% NPK is the best treatment resulting in minimum number of days to 50% flowering (48.37) and maximum, values for other characters like plant height (51.49 cm), number of branches per plant (6.94 ), ripe fruit size (41.55 cm 2 ), ripe fruit weight (57.70 g), number of ripe fruit per plant (14.09), ripe fruit yield per plant (806.39 g), number of seed per fruit (183.31), seed recovery (1.70%), seed yield per plant (13.75 g), seed yield per plot (342.47 g), seed yield per hectare (407.35 kg)1000-seed weight (5.36 g) , seed germination (90.07%), seedling length (10.42 cm), seedling dry weight (2.95 mg), seedling vigour index-I (950.20) and seed vigoure index II (265.77). This treatment also gavemaximum gross income, net returns and B: C ratio (2.74:1). Lowest ripe fruit rot incidence, was recorded in T5 (PGPR1+50% NPK), however this treatment gave low seed yield and b: c ratio. Hencefrom the present study it can be concluded that combination of Azotobacter, PSB and 75% NPK can be recommended for getting higher yield of quality seeds of bell pepper in Himachal Pradesh after multilocational testing.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND TRAINING SYSTEM ON SEED PRODUCTION IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) ANSARI, GULSHAN; KANWAR, H.S.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on effect of planting density and training system on seed production in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under open field conditions were carried out using cv. Solan Lalima. The experiment was laid out in Split plot design (with two factors viz. training systemsand plant spacings) in the field and in Completely Randomized Block Design in Laboratory with three replications of each treatment combination in both the experiments at Seed science and Technology, Dr.Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif 2013. The two factors comprised of four training levels i.e. Y 1 (single stem), Y2 (double stem), Y3 (unpruned with horizontal string) and Y4 (unpruned bush stakes (control)) and eight plant densities viz. S 1 (60×15 cm), S2(60+30×15 cm), S 3 (60×30 cm), S4 (60+30×30 cm), S5 (90×15 cm), S6 (90+30×15 cm), S7 (90×30 cm) and S8 (90+30×30 cm). The observations were recorded on plant height (cm), days to ripe fruit harvest, ripe fruit weight (g), length of ripe fruit (cm), width of ripe fruit (cm), number of ripe fruits per plant, harvest duration, seed yield per plant (g), seed yield per plot (g), seed yield per hectare (kg), number of seeds per fruit, percent seed recovery (%), incidence of buckeye rot (%), incidence of early blight (%),1000 seed weight and benefit: cost ratio. While the observations recorded in the laboratory were germination (%), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg) and seed vigor index-Length & seed vigour index-Mass. Analysis of variance showed significant differencesamong the treatment combinations for all the characters studied. The treatment combination Y1 S 7 (single stem and plant spaced at 90×30 cm) gave the best results for many characters like ripe fruit length, ripe fruit width, number of seeds/fruit, minimum days to ripe fruit harvest, maximum harvest duration, minimum incidence of buck eye rot and early blight, thousand seed weight, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed germination percentage, seed vigour index-Length & Mass but it gave lowest seed yield per unit area. The combination Y2 S 5(double stem and 90×15 cm) gave higher seed yield per plot and seed yield per hectare and found superior over all other treatments except Y 1 S 2 which was found statistically at par. This treatment also gave highest benefit: cost ratio (8.52:1) which is an ultimate goal of any experiment. Therefore, planting density S5 (90x15 cm) in combination with training system Y2 (double stem) can be recommended for commercial seed production of tomato.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED COATING WITH POLYMERS & PESTICIDES IN FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) SHARMA, NITISHA; KANWAR, H.S.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on seed coating with polymers & pesticides in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)” were carried out using cv. Contender. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) in the field and in Completely Randomized Block Design (Factorial) in Laboratory with four replications of each treatment combination in both the experiments at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The treatment combinations comprised of five polymer seed coating (C) viz., C0 (Control), C1(Polymer 5g/kg), C2(Polymer 10g/kg), C3(Polymer 15g/kg) and C 4(Polymer 20g/kg) and four pesticide seed coating (P) viz.,P 0 (Control), P1 (Imidacloprid 5ml /kg), P2 (Bavistin 3g/kg) and P3 (Imidacloprid 5ml/kg + Bavistin 3g/kg). The observations were recorded in the field on days to 50 per cent emergence, total emergence (%), days to green pod harvesting, days to maturity, plant height (cm), pod weight (mg), no. of pods/plant, pod length (cm), pod yield/plant, pod yield/plot, pod yield/hectare, seed yield/plant, seed yield/hectare, 1000 seed weight (g), disease incidence of anthracnose (%), disease severity of anthracnose (%) and insect infestation of aphids (%). In laboratory the seeds are kept for storage under ambient conditions and observations were recorded after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 th month of storage. The observations recorded in the laboratory on germination (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), seed vigour index-length (SVI-I), seed vigour index-mass (SVI-II) and storage rots in french bean (%). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the treatment combinations for all the characters studied except days to 50% emergence and pod length. The combination C4 P 3 (Polymer 20g/kg +Imidacloprid 5ml/kg + Bavistin 3g/kg) was found superior over all the treatments in field as well as in storage. Therefore, seed coating with polymer 20g/kg along with pesticide seed coating Imidacloprid 5ml/kg + Bavistin 3g/kg can be recommended for commercial seed production of French bean.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF MULCHING AND PLANTING GEOMETRY ON SEED PRODUCTION IN BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuumL.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) VERMA, ROHIT; MEHTA, D.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of mulching and planting geometry on seed production in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) ’’ was carried out using cv. Solan Bharpur. The experiment was laid out in Split-Split Plot Design in the field and in Completely Randomized Block Design (Factorial) in Laboratory with three replications of each treatment combination in both the experiments at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif 2013. The treatment combinations comprised of four different mulches (M) viz., no mulch (M1), black-plastic mulch (M2), silver-black plastic mulch (M 3) and crop residue mulch (M4), three row layouts with constant population (L) viz., recommended single row 60×45 cm (L1), double row (75+45)×45 cm (L2), and double row (90+30)×45 cm (L3 ) and two plant layouts (P) viz., rectangle/square (P1), and triangle (P2). The observations in field were recorded on plant height(cm) 30 days after transplanting (DAT), 60 days after transplanting (DAT), 90 days after transplanting (DAT) and at final harvest, days to ripe fruit harvest, ripe fruit weight (g), ripe fruit length (cm), ripe fruit width (cm), number of ripe fruit per plant, ripe fruit yield per plant (g), ripe fruit yield per plot (Kg), ripe fruit yield per hectare (quintals), number of seed per fruit, seed yield per plant (g),seed yield per plot (g), seed yield per hectare (Kg), per cent seed recovery, ripe fruit rot incidence (%), 1000 seed weight (g) and benefit: cost ratio. While the observations recorded in the laboratory were seed germination (%), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigor index-L & M. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the treatment combinations for all the characters studied. The treatment combination silverblack mulch, double row (75+45)×45 cm and triangle method of planting (M3L2 P 2) was found superior over all other treatments in terms of growth characters, fruit yield characters, seed yield characters, seed quality characters and had maximunbenefit: cost ratio. Therefore, silver-black mulch in combination with double row (75+45)x45 cm and triangle plant layout i.e. M3L2 P 2 can be recommended for commercial seed production of bell pepper in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF STAGE OF HARVEST AND POST HARVEST RIPENING OF FRUITS ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) THAKUR, NEHA; KANWAR, H.S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of stage of harvest and post harvest ripening of fruits on seed yield and quality in cucumber (Cucumissativus L.) was carried out using cv. K-75. The experiment was laid out as general crop in the field and in Completely Randomized Design (Two Factorial) in Laboratory with three replications of each treatment combination in the experiments at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif 2014. The treatment combinations comprised of two factors viz., stage of harvest (H) and post harvest ripening period (P). Further these were categorized into 15 treatment combinations, with three stages of harvest viz., fruit harvested at 30 days after anthesis (H1), fruit harvested at 40 days after anthesis (H2), fruit harvested at 50 days after anthesis (H3) and five post harvest ripening period viz., no post harvest ripening (P1), 7 days post harvest ripening (P2), 14 days post harvest ripening (P3), 21 days post harvest ripening (P4), 28 days post harvest ripening (P5). The observations in laboratory were recorded on seed yield per fruit (g), seed to fruit ratio, percent seed recovery (%), 1000 seed weight (g), number of filled seeds, number of unfilled seeds, germination (%), emergence (%), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index – Length (SVI I), seedling vigour index – Mass (SVI II), seed moisture content (%) and seed leachate conductivity test (uS/cm). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the treatment combinations for all the characters studied. The treatment combination, fruit harvested at 40 days after anthesis and 14 days of post harvest ripening (H2P3) was significantly better over all other treatments in terms of seed quality characters and was at par with fruit harvested at 50 days after anthesis and 14 days of post harvest ripening (H3P3) in terms of seed yield traits. Therefore treatment combination, fruit harvested at 40 days after anthesis and 14 days of post harvest ripening i.e. H2P3 can be recommended for commercial seed production of cucumber in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED PRIMING IN BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.)(2013) KANWAR, RAJESH; KANWAR, H.S.ABSTRACT The present investigations “Studies on seed priming in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)’’ were carried out in the laboratory and Khaltoo experimental farm of Seed Technology and Production Centre, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP during the year 2012-13 using cultivar ‘Solan Hara’. The research was conducted in three experiments. Experiment I (Preliminary studies) was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in paper towel and sand method. Two vigour groups of seeds viz., ‘V1’ (High vigour seeds) and ‘V2’ (72 hours accelerated aged seeds/low vigour seeds) and nine seed priming treatments viz., ‘P1’ (Osmopriming with PEG 6000 -1.0 MPa), ‘P2’ (Halopriming with KNO3 @ 1%), ‘P3’ (Halopriming with KH2PO4 @ 1%), ‘P4’ (Halopriming with CuSO4 @ 100ppm), ‘P5’ (Solid matrix priming with Cocopeat), ‘P6’ (Solid matrix priming with Perlite), ‘P7’ (Solid matrix priming with Vermiculite), ‘P8’ (Seed soaking in water), ‘P9’ (Control -Without treatment) were used. Based on the observations on germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index I and II seeds primed with Perlite, Cocopeat and Vermiculite were extracted as three best treatments for conducting experiment II and III alongwith Seed soaking in water (Common farmer’s practice) and Control. Experiment II (Field performance) was carried out in the field from 29th April 2012 to 28th September 2012 in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments comprised of two vigour groups of seeds viz., ‘V1’ (High vigour seeds) and ‘V2’ (72 hours accelerated aged seeds/low vigour seeds) and five seed priming treatments viz., ‘P1’ (Solid matrix priming with Cocopeat), ‘P2’ (Solid matrix priming with Perlite), ‘P3’ (Solid matrix priming with Vermiculite), ‘P4’ (Seed soaking in water), ‘P5’ (Control -Without treatment).The observations were recorded on various emergence (%), growth and fruit yield characters. High vigour seeds primed with Perlite ‘V1P2’was found to be the best treatment for most of the traits understudy recording highest total field emergence (76.60%), fruit yield per plot (16.12 Kg) and per hectare (250.35 q). Experiment III (Storage studies) was carried out in the laboratory from 23rd April 2012 to 22nd April 2013 Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The germination and vigour of seeds were tested using paper towel method. The treatments comprised of two storage environments viz., ‘S1’ (Ambient condition) and ‘S2’ (Refrigerated condition 40C), two vigour groups of seeds viz., ‘V1’ (High vigour seeds) and ‘V2’ (72 hours accelerated aged seeds/low vigour seeds) and five seed priming treatments viz., ‘P1’ (Solid matrix priming with Cocopeat), ‘P2’ (Solid matrix priming with Perlite), ‘P3’ (Solid matrix priming with Vermiculite), ‘P4’ (Seed soaking in water), ‘P5’ (Control -Without treatment). The treated seeds were stored in Aluminium laminated pouches and germination and vigour of primed seeds were analyzed after one month, three months, six months, nine months and twelve months of storage. From the storage studies, it was concluded that primed seeds of bitter gourd can be stored for six months under refrigerated condition and for three months under ambient condition in both the vigour groups of seeds.