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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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202124
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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 24
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “ Evaluation of spent mushroom sub strate for the management of rhizome rot of ginger ”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-23) Thakur, Aman; Jarial, Kumud
    The present study entitled “Evaluation of spent mushroom substrate for the management of rhizome rot of ginger” was conducted in Department of Plant Pathology, COHF, Neri. During the study, it was found that Fuasrium solani was associated with rhizome rot of ginger. Among eight leachates of four different mushroom species, leachate of Pleurotus sajor-caju spent substrate colonized with Trichoderma viride (46.29 % inhibition) was found superior to all other leachates. Out of different aqueous extracts of four mushroom spent substrate under study, spent substrate colonized with T. Viride-leached of Agaricus bisporus (51.02 % inhibition,) P. sajor- caju (51.66 % inhibition), P. florida (48.80 % inhibition) and P. ostreatus (73.80 % inhibition) proved better than their respective counterpart. Among the four different ethanol extracts of A. bisporus spent substrate, ethanol extract of A. bisporus spent substrate colonized with T. viride-leached (58.51 % inhibition) was found best to inhibit the pathogen. Out of four different ethanol extracts of P. sajor-caju spent substrate, ethanol extract of P. sajor-caju spent substrate (86.29 % inhibition) colonized with T. viride-leached used at 4 per cent concentration was found best in which cent per cent inhibition of pathogen was recorded. Among the four different ethanol extracts of P. florida spent substrate, ethanol extract of P. florida spent substrate colonized with T. viride-leached (93.06 % mean inhibition) followed by P. florida spent substrate colonized with T. viride (89.63 % mean inhibition) both used at 4 per cent concentration were found to completely inhibition of pathogen (100% inhibition). Out of four different ethanol extracts of P. ostreatus spent substrate, ethanol extract of P. ostreatus spent substrate colonized with T. viride-leached (79.45 % inhibition) used at 4 per cent concentration was found to completely inhibit the pathogen. Among the different spent mushroom substrates evaluated under pot culture conditions, spent mushroom substrate colonized with T. viride and leached for 10 days of all substrates resulted in cent per cent reduction of pre emergence rot in both naturally infected and artificially inoculated ginger. Among the four species, spent substrate of P. sajor-caju substrate (88.11%) was found to be best in disease management. Spent mushroom substrate colonized with T. viride of all substrates and leached for 10 days treatment proved best in managing the post emergence rot in both naturally infected (88.93%) and artificially inoculated ginger (91.38%) and was found to be best in disease management.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Variability and management of Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-19) Mahajan, Chetna; Sharma, Monica
    The fungal pathogen causing anthracnose fruit rot of tomato was isolated and identified as Colletotrichum truncatum on the basis of morphological characters and sequencing of DNA region coding for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Amplification of genomic DNA of fungus with primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 gave a single band of approximately 750 bp on gel electrophoresis. In pathogenicity test, typical symptoms appeared after 10 days of inoculation of C. truncatum on tomato fruits by pin prick method inoculation. Seven isolates (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7) of Colletotrichum spp. from different hosts and locations were collected. Isolates were identified and characterized on the basis of morphological, molecular and pathological characters. C4 isolate resulted in maximum disease index (80.00%) on tomato fruits among all isolates. Among aqueous biopesticides, maximum mycelial growth inhibition (46.66%) was observed by using extract of Cannabis sativus at 40 per cent concentration. Fermented cow urine alone resulted in complete inhibition in mycelial growth of fungus at all tested concentrations i.e., 10, 20 and 30 per cent whereas in cow urine based biopesticides, maximum mycelial growth inhibition (84.07%) was observed with extract of Eucalyptus citriodora at 30 per cent concentration. Among ethanol based biopesticides, extract of E. citriodora resulted in maximum mycelial inhibition (85.81%) at 4 per cent concentration. Evaluation of biopesticides for management of anthracnose disease on tomato fruits showed that cow urine extract of E. citriodora resulted in minimum disease index (26.66%). Among biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum (TH5 strain) resulted in maximum mycelial growth inhibition (77.77%). Among fungicides, carbendazim resulted in maximum mycelial growth inhibition (92.58%) at 150 ppm concentration whereas among strobilurin and its combi-product fungicides, azoxystrobin + difenconazole resulted in maximum mycelial growth inhibition (84.81%) at 150 ppm concentration. Spraying of fungicides on tomato fruits resulted in minimum disease index (4.44%) with carbendazim whereas among strobilurin and its combi-product fungicides, azoxystrobin + difenconazole resulted in minimum disease index (11.11%) compared to per cent disease index (86.67%) in control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Studies on cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel on locally available substrates under sub-tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-23) Sharma, Shakashi; Jarial, R. S.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel on locally available substrates under sub-tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken in order to evaluate various cultural requirements, grain substrates for spawn production and production parameters of the test fungus. Out of five solid and liquid media tested, potato dextrose agar and potato dextrose broth were the best solid and liquid media, respectively and temperature 25°C and pH 5.0 were found to be the best for better mycelial growth of the test fungus. Out of seven grain spawn substrates, minimum (17.00 days) time for spawn run, maximum linear growth (48.83 mm) and growth rate (0.24 mm/day) were observed in bajra grain spawn. Out of seven grain substrates evaluated on the standard substrate (wheat straw), minimum (15.33 days) time for spawn run was recorded with oat grain spawn. However, maximum number (25.17) of sporocarps and highest yield (595.62 g/1.5 kg wet substrate) with biological efficiency 99.27 per cent were recorded with wheat grain spawn. Out of five spawn doses tested, minimum (16.33 days) time for spawn run, maximum yield (605.99 g/1.5 kg wet substrate) and biological efficiency (101.00 %) were recorded in wheat straw spawned at the rate of 5 per cent. However, the yield at 5 per cent was statistically at par with 4 per cent (589.40 g/1.5 kg of substrate). Maximum pileus diameter (57.03 mm) and stipe length (31.67 mm) were recorded at 4.00 per cent spawn rate. Out of six production substrates, minimum (16.33 days) time for spawn run, maximum pileus diameter (95.40 mm) and stipe length (48.00 mm) were recorded in maize straw. Maximum number (29.39) of sporocarps, maximum yield (587.58 g/1.5 kg wet substrate) and biological efficiency (97.93 %) were recorded on wheat straw. Out of six supplements amended in wheat straw, evaluated at six different doses for the production of test fungus, rice bran supplemented at the rate of 10 per cent was proved to be the best in terms of yield (715.42 g/1.5 kg wet substrate) with biological efficiency 119.24 per cent. Commercially, P. eryngii was cultivated on three best substrates and supplements with the best grain spawn at their best doses to evaluate the yield and biological efficiency. Minimum time (12.67 days) for spawn run, maximum (52.50) number of sporocarps, highest yield (2402.48 g/5 kg wet substrate) and biological efficiency (120.12 %) were recorded on wheat straw amended with rice bran at the rate of 10 per cent. As far the effect on pH and EC of different substrates were concerned, the pH of different substrates decreased with the progression of crop while, EC increased with the progression of crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Studies on Cephaleuros virescens Kunze causing red rust of litchi”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-01) Garima; Jarial, Kumud
    The present investigation entitled ―Studies on Cephaleuros virescens Kunze causing red rust of litchi‖ was undertaken to record the prevalence of the disease, cultural and epidemiological aspects of the pathogen and management of the disease. Red rust of litchi was prevalent in mild to severe form at various locations in five districts (Hamirpur, Una, Kangra, Chamba and Mandi) surveyed in Himachal Pradesh. Disease incidence was found to be ranging from 0 to 35.47 per cent with disease severity 0 to 47.79 per cent. Maximum incidence and severity of disease was recorded at Nagrota Bagwan, Kangra. The pathogen was isolated, purified and identified as Cephaleuros virescens. Pathogenicity of the isolated pathogen was proved by inoculating healthy litchi leaves with culture of pathogen consisting of zoosporangia and the symptoms appeared after 2 weeks of second inoculation. Out of six nutrient media tested, agarized host leaf extract medium was found to be best for growth of C. virescens. Gametangia like bodies were visualized in the culture. Temperature of 25℃ and pH 8.5 incubated under 12 h photoperiod was found to be optimum for the growth of pathogen. Temperature 32℃ and relative humidity 100 per cent was found to be optimum for symptom development under artificial inoculation conditions. Captan, mancozeb, CabrioTop®, hexaconazole and propiconazole resulted in cent per cent inhibition of alga.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Studies on seed borne nature and survival of Xanthomonas cucurbitae causing bacterial leaf spot of pumpkin and bottle gourd”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-10) Hallan, Somya; Jarial, Kumud
    In survival studies, it was found that Xanthomonas cucurbitae could survive in soil containing plant debris for up to 12 months and 15 cm depth. The bacterial concentration obtained after 6 and 9 months of duration was found to more than the bacterial concentration obtained after 12 months in pumpkin as well as bottle gourd (1.18 x 105 and 1.20 x 105cfu/ml respectively). Concentration of the bacteria was found to be decreased with increase in soil depth as minimum bacterial concentration (1.18 x 105cfu/ml) was recorded at 15 cm depth in both the isolates. The study showed 100 per cent incidence of pathogen in all the seeds of the varieties / hybrids of each crop. Among various chemicals evaluated in vitro against the bacterium, in case of pumpkin isolate, Bordeaux mixture, with 20.99 mm diametric zone of inhibition, proved most effective in controlling the bacterium. In case of bottle gourd isolate, copper oxychloride with 24.92 mm zone of inhibition proved most effective. Out of various hot water treatments evaluated, temperature treatments of 45 and 48℃ completely failed to manage the pathogen. Minimum number of infected seedlings were recorded at 55℃ for both the isolates but at this temperature, the seed germination was significantly reduced. Among the various chemicals tested as seed dip treatments, streptocycline and copper oxychloride were found to be the most effective. Maximum seed germination for both isolates, was observed after 180 minute dip duration. Minimum number of infected seedlings were recorded, in case of pumpkin, in streptocycline (37.64%) followed by copper oxychloride (39.55%). And in case of bottle gourd, minimum number of infected seedlings were recorded in copper oxychloride (40.80%) followed by streptocycline (42.62%). In both the isolates, minimum number of infected seedlings were recorded in 720 minutes (40.55 and 43.48 %, respectively) followed by that in 180 minute duration (44.40 and 47.98 %, respectively). For both pumpkin and bottle gourd, minimum number of infected seedlings were recorded in a combination dip treatment of streptocycline (100 ppm) plus copper oxychloride (3000 ppm) for 3 hour duration (16.33 and 15.67 %, respectively). Chemical seed dip treatment with streptocycline (100 ppm) and copper oxychloride (3000 ppm) for 3h was found effective in controlling the bacterium under pot conditions as minimum disease severity was recorded in this treatment for both pumpkin and bottle gourd (18.00 and 22.00 %, respectively).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF ANTHRACNOSE OF CHILLI THROUGH BIOPESTICIDES AND STROBILURIN FUNGICIDES
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-20) Rajina; Sharma, Monica
    The fungal pathogen causing anthracnose of chilli was isolated and identified as Colletotrichum cliviicola on the basis of morphological characters and sequencing of DNA region coding for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Amplification of genomic DNA of fungus with primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 gave a single band of approximately 700 bp on gel electrophoresis. In pathogenicity test, 9 days incubation period of C. cliviicola on chilli fruits was observed by pin prick inoculation of the pathogen. Among six different aqueous biopesticides, Eucalyptus citriodora and Cannabis sativa caused maximum mycelial inhibition of 51.01 and 44.53 per cent, respectively. Cow urine alone resulted in complete inhibition in mycelial growth of fungus at all concentrations. While, in cow urine-based extracts, maximum mycelial inhibition of 75.18 and 58.14 per cent was observed with E. citriodora and Azadirachta indica, respectively. Among ethanol extracts, maximum inhibition of 66.76 per cent was observed with E. citriodora. Among effective biopesticides evaluated for management of chilli anthracnose on fruits, minimum 5.37 and 20.67 per cent disease index was observed with E. citriodora and A. indica, respectively. In dual culture assay, maximum mycelial inhibition of 72.22 per cent was observed with Trichoderma harzianum TH5 strain followed by 71.48 per cent with T. koningii JA strain. Fruit spray of T. harzianum TH5 strain was found most effective with minimum 8.37 per cent disease index. Standard fungicide carbendazim alone resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth at all evaluated concentrations. While among the strobilurin fungicides, maximum inhibition of 87.78 per cent in mycelial growth was observed with metiram + pyraclostrobin followed by tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin + difenoconazole with 85.92 and 84.81 per cent mycelial growth inhibition, respectively. Among fruit spray of strobilurin fungicide, tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin resulted in minimum 3.70 percent disease index compared to 80.37 per cent in control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON BACTERIAL CANKER OF MANGO CAUSED BY Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-20) Riya; Jarial, Kumud
    Bacterial canker is an emerging important bacterial disease of mango. Bacterial canker was found to occur in moderate to severe form in various locations of district viz., Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh during 2020-2021. Magnitude of disease severity ranged from 0 to 78.57 per cent and the incidence of disease ranged from 0 to 59.75 per cent. On nutrient sodium chloride agar, colonies were pale yellow to yellow, mucoid, circular and having diameter of 3-4 mm. The isolated bacterium tested positive for Esculin hydrolysis and protein digestion tests and negative for Gram’s staining reaction. Pathogenicity test on healthy mango leaves exhibited incubation period of 24 – 48 h. Among various nutrient media, the bacterium grew well in potato sucrose peptone broth (10.50×107 cfu/ml) followed by Wakimoto broth (4.50 ×107 cfu/ml). The optimum temperature for the growth of bacteria, among various temperature regimes ranging from 15-35ºC was observed to be 30ºC (30.75×107 cfu/ml). Out of five pH levels ranging from 5.0 – 9.0 tested to see their effect of bacterial growth, the optimum pH for maximum growth of bacterium was observed to be 7.0 (14.00 ×107 cfu/ml). An inoculum density of 108 cfu/ml and pin prick and infected scissor inoculation methods were found to be best for artificial inoculation of susceptible leaves. Development of bacterial canker was favoured by temperature ranging from 25-40ºC and relative humidity more than 85 per cent. Out of seven chemicals tested in vitro against X. campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae, chitosan (low, medium and high molecular weight), streptocycline, Bordeaux mixture and copper hydroxide exhibited antibacterial activity. Out of nine, plant extract and bio-products tested, plant extract of Eucalyptus hybrida was found to be inhibitory towards X. campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae. When various tested chemicals in vitro found effective were used as pre- inoculation and post inoculation treatments, no symptoms were observed in case of chitosan (low, medium and high molecular weight) at 10 ppm and streptocycline at 100 ppm.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ecofriendly management of Fusarium wilt of pea (Pisum sativum L.)
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-19) Shivani; Sharma, Monica
    The pathogen causing wilt of pea was isolated and identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi on the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular characters. Amplification of DNA region coding for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 gave a single band of approximately 700 bp on gel electrophoresis. In pathogenicity test, typical symptoms appeared after 22 days of inoculation of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi on pea plants. Six isolates (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6) of Fusarium spp. from different hosts and locations were characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and molecular characters. Among aqueous biopesticides, maximum mycelial growth inhibition (50.00%) was observed by using extract of Cannabis sativus at 40 per cent concentration. Cow urine alone resulted in maximum inhibition in mycelial growth of fungus at all tested concentrations i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20 per cent whereas in cow urine based biopesticides, effective mycelial growth inhibition (54.36%) was observed with extract of Melia azedarach at 20 per cent concentration. Among the cattle urine biopesticides, M. azedarch (55.80%) resulted maximum mycelial inhibition at 20 per cent. Among ethanol based biopesticides, extract of Tagetes erecta resulted in maximum mycelial inhibition (89.87%) at 4 per cent concentration. Evaluation of biopesticides for management of Fusarium wilt disease of pea showed that aqueous extract of Eucalyptus citriodora resulted in minimum disease incidence (58.33%). Among the cow urine and cattle urine biopesticide cow urine extract of M. azedarach resulted in maximum disease incidence reduction (50.00%) whereas, in cattle urine extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (42.12%) resulted maximum disease incidence reduction. The ethanol based biopesticide of Lantana camara (43.01%) resulted maximum disease incidence reduction. Among biocontrol agents, Pseudomonas flourescens (NE-32-strain) resulted in maximum mycelial growth inhibition (72.96%). Among biocontrol agents, minimum disease incidence was resulted with Trichoderma koningii (JA-strain) (50.33%) compared to control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cultivation of blue oyster mushroom [Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.: Fr.) Redhead] under sub-tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 2021-10-29) Aditya, Aditya; Jarial, R S
    The present investigation entitled “Cultivation of blue oyster mushroom [Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.: Fr.) Redhead] under sub-tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the Mushroom Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh during the year 2019-21. Nutritional and physiological studies along with mycelial growth and biomass of H. ulmarius were studied on different media, different levels of pH and temperature regimes. Among different media tested potato dextrose agar exhibited significantly higher (41.44 mm) diametric growth followed by malt extract agar (32.63 mm) medium. The biomass production of test fungus was maximum (0.52 g) in carrot extract broth and minimum (0.04 g) was recorded in Czapek's Dox broth medium. A pH level 8.0 and temperature 25oC was found to be optimum for the growth of H. ulmarius. Bajra grains were found to be an excellent grain substrate for spawn preparation, as it supported faster and enhanced growth (11 days) of test fungus followed by jowar grains (13 days). Out of seven different grain spawn evaluated on standard substrate (wheat straw), minimum time (13.67 days) for spawn run, minimum number (20.33 days) of days for first flush, maximum number (38.33) of sporocarps in first flush were recorded on bajra grain spawn. However, longest (5.37 cm) stipe length, maximum (8.57 cm) cap diameter and maximum yield (768.00 g/600 g dry substrate) exhibiting maximum (128.00 %) biological efficiency was recorded on bajra grain spawn. Out of five spawn doses, minimum time (12.62 days) for spawn run, maximum number (42.33) of basidioma and highest yield (794.00 g/600 g dry substrate) with 132.33 per cent biological efficiency was recorded on wheat straw substrate spawned @5.0 per cent spawn dose. Out of seven production substrates evaluated, minimum time (14.66 days) for spawn run, first flush (20.66 days), maximum number of sporocarps (37.33) and maximum yield (744.00 g/600 g dry substrate) with highest (124.00 %) biological efficiency was recorded on wheat straw substrate. Moreover, longest stipe length (6.46 cm) on pine needles substrate and maximum (10.13 cm) cap diameter was recorded on maize straw followed by wheat straw substrate. Among six additive supplements amended in wheat straw substrate evaluated at six different doses for the production of H. ulmarius, cotton seed hull at the rate of 10.0 per cent took minimum time (8.33 days) for spawn run and produced maximum number (70.64) of basidioma with maximum (3537.33 g/2 Kg dry substrate) yield and high (176.87 %) biological efficiency in comparison to wheat straw alone (123.50 %). Mustard cake supplemented with wheat straw even at lowest (5.0 %) supplement dose completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus. Commercially H. ulmarius was cultivated on top three selected substrates and supplements with best spawn at their best doses to analyse the yield and biological efficiency. Minimum time (9.60 days) for spawn run, maximum number (86.33) of basidioma, highest (8999.00 g/4.0 Kg dry substrate) yield and biological efficiency (224.97 %) was recorded in wheat straw substrate supplemented with cotton seed hull at the rate of 10.0 per cent followed by the same substrate supplemented with gram flour (213.82 %) and rice bran (207.15 %) at same supplementation dose (10 %). The hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of the substrate decreased with the progression of the crop while, electrical conductivity values from the zero days of spawning to 56 days of crop duration increased significantly