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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: BHAIK, ANKUSH × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PHYTOPHTHORA FRUIT ROT OF APPLE AND ITS MANAGEMENT
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017) BHAIK, ANKUSH; SHARMA, J.N.
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled "Studies on Phytophthora fruit rot of apple and its management" was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology laboratories and farmer's field at Dhronk (Kotkhai) during year 2015-2016. During the survey, highest disease incidence was recorded in Dhronk village of Kotkhai and no incidence was observed in Kotgarh area of Shimla district. Typical symptoms of the disease were observed on apple and pear fruits. On the tree, light brown discolorations were observed on affected fruits initially generally on calyx end which spread on the fruits and later on affected fruits showed a distinctive firm olive green/brown rot with dark brown irregular margins. Same symptoms were also observed on pear fruits but the affected areas were more dark brown than on apple. Older infections could cause the whole fruit to rot. Rotted flesh was pale brown and vascular tissues showed dark browning, which distinguished it from other rots. In pathogenicity test, all apple fruits inoculated with mycelial agar plugs developed firm brownish lesions similar to the original symptoms after 10-12 days of inoculation of the pathogen. Variability was recorded in sporangial shape and size of the isolates as shape varied from ovoid to globose. Mycelium growth pattern in the culture were also variable with chrysanthemum like growth in isolates P1, P2, P3 and P7, while isolates P4, P5and P6 showed the radiating growth. However, cottony and fluffy growth was observed in isolate P8 and P9. Based on morphological characteristics all the isolates were identified as Phytophthora sp. but on the ITS sequence comparisons, it was found that P1, P2 and P3 were similar to Phytopythium spp. (new genus raised in 2010), isolate P4 was similar to Phytopythium vexans, whereas isolates P5 and P6 were similar to Pythium vexans. The isolate P8 was found similar to Phytophthora nicotianae and isolate P9 was identical to Phytophthora boehmeriae. This is the first report of Phytopythium on apple in the world. Among fungicides evaluated under in vitro conditions, Ridomil Gold (metalaxyl 4% + mancozeb 64%) and Matco (metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%) were found most effective and significantly superior among all the treatments with 100 per cent mycelial growth inhibition. Out of five essential oils evaluated under in vitro conditions, clove oil was found most effective with 78.70 per cent of mycelial inhibition. Among eight botanicals evaluated under in vitro conditions, leaf extract of neem was found most effective with 42.71 per cent mycelial inhibition Among bioresources evaluated under in vitro conditions, cow urine was found most effective with 91.11 per cent mycelial inhibition. Out of the six antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum resulted in maximum mycelial growth inhibition (66.67%) of the test pathogen. In field experiment, cultural practices, fungicides and their combination were evaluated for disease control. Among all treatments, T2 [Ridomil Gold (0.25%)], T6 [Ridomil Gold (0.25%) + straw mulch], T9 [Straw mulch + Ridomil Gold (0.25%) + Staking] and T10 [Straw mulch + Curzate (0.25%) + Staking] gave 100 per cent control of the disease.