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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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20111
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Subject: Mycology and Plant Pathology × Author: ANIL KUMAR × End date: 2015 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MONITORED CONTROL OF MARSSONINA BLOTCH CAUSING PREMATURE LEAF FALL IN APPLE
    (2011) ANIL KUMAR; SHARMA, J.N.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on epidemiology and monitored control of Marssonina blotch causing premature leaf fall in apple” was undertaken to study the influence of different weather parameters and comparative physical mode of action of different test fungicides against Marssonina blotch. Experiments were conducted under controlled, semi-controlled and natural conditions to find out the optimum temperature, relative humidity and leaf wetness requirements for the development of Marssonina blotch disease. A temperature of 20oC, 100 per cent relative humidity and 48 h of leaf wetness were the most suitable parameters for the development of Marssonina blotch disease in apple. Rainfall, leaf wetness, and relative humidity were positively correlated with disease severity, whereas, temperature showed a negative correlation. The coefficient of multiple determination was also calculated which signifies that 91.61 and 97.03 per cent variation in per cent disease severity in year 2009 and 2010, respectively, depended on weather parameters included in these studies. Further studies revealed that none of the cultivars of apple was resistant to Marssonina blotch, however, Granny Smith and Gibbson's Golden showed moderately resistant reaction. The commercial cultivars Royal Delicious, Golden Delicious, Vance Delicious and Scarlet Spur were found highly susceptible. Older leaves of apple plants were more susceptible to Marssonina blotch than the younger ones. The macronutrient combinations with full dose of nitrogen registered good growth of apple plants and reduced the severity of Marssonina blotch. Different isolates of Marssonina coronaria showed different levels of disease severity and conidial production indicating a genetic variability in the pathogen. Fifteen different fungicides, viz. mancozeb, captan, dodine, copper oxychloride, metiram, benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, shield, Kresoxim methyl, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, hexaconazole, difenoconazole and tebuconazole were evaluated at different concentrations for their physical mode of action. Whereas, nine fungicides, viz. mancozeb, kresoxim methyl, carbendazim, difenoconazole, metiram, thiophanate methyl, dodine, shield and pyraclostrobin+metiram were selected for such study in the field. Dithiocarbamate fungicides provided maximum control of Marssonina blotch disease with more effect on conidial production, germinability and viability after their protective applications on apple plants both under semi-controlled as well as under field conditions. Mancozeb formulations also showed maximum retention activity as compare to other fungicides, and, registered maximum control of the disease. Strobilurin fungicides showed the strongest curative, pre-symptom and post-symptom activity against Marssonina blotch in semi-controlled as well as under field conditions. These fungicides showed inhibitory effect on conidial production, germinability and number of viable conidia as compared to other test fungicides. On the basis of prophylactic rating, dithiocarbamate fungicides were most effective protectants against Marssonina blotch of apple. The after-infection, pre-symptom and postsymptom activity of strobilurins, benzimidazoles and triazoles exceeded that of their protective activity. Strobilurin fungicides were rated best (with 1-3 rating) followed by the benzimidazoles in this respect. In field, pyraclostrobin+metiram attained the highest rating (1) followed by kresoxim methyl, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, dodine, difenoconazole, mancozeb, shield and metiram. Among six spray schedules evaluated in field, spray schedule-II (comprising of mancozeb (0.3%) at walnut stage, carbendazim (0.05%) at 20 days after 1st spray and mancozeb flowable (0.3%) at 40 days after 2nd spray) was found best to control Marssonina blotch of apple, ofcourse along with directed sprays of kresoxim methyl in monitored spray programme.