Loading...
Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
Browse
5 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM APPLE POMACE- A MAJOR HORTICULTURAL WASTE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF, NAUNI, 2016) PATHANIA, SHRUTI; SHARMA, NIVEDITAABSTRACT In the present investigation, an attempt was made to utilize apple pomace as substrate for its degradation by potential microorganisms and evaluated process parameters to enhance their rate of hydrolysis a key step for its bioconversion to ethanol by co-fermentation with immobilized yeast cell. In total 7 fungi were isolated, among them, F2 was screened for multiple carbohydrases production and was identified using ITS 5.8S rRNA technique as R. delemar F2 and registered under accession no. KX5123312. Multiple carbohydrases production was optimized through classical approach one factor at a time (OFAT) varying microwave dose, moisture, temperature and incubation time. The partial purification of multiple carbohydrases was done by cold acetone precipitation and carbohydrases from bacteria by ammonium sulphate precipitation. To reduce the production cost of ethanol, cheap untreated and pretreated cellulosic biomass i.e. apple pomace used as a substrate for sugar production. Bioconversion of microwave pretreated apple pomace to ethanol was studied under two different fermentation processes i.e separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The optimum parameters obtained for the saccharification of microwave pretreated apple pomace using carbohydrases from bacteria were at pH 5.0, 10% (w/v) of biomass loading,500C at 6:1:2:1 of enzymatic loading after 36 h of incubation with fermentable sugar yield of 36mg/g of reducing sugar and 62.01mg/g of total sugar. Similarly sacchaification of 450 watt dose of microwave pretreated apple pomace with multiple carbohydrases from R.delemar F2 yielded 20.87mg/g of reducing sugar and 28.36mg/g of total sugar at enzymatic loading of 20ml/5gm at 500C after incubation for 46h under SHF. Structural changes of apple pomace before and after enzymatic pretreatment were further investigated through ccanning electron microscopy (SEM), monosaccharide content in the saccharified samples was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Maximum ethanol yield of 48.19 g/l with fermentation efficiency of 61.42% was achieved by immobilized co-culture of S. cerevisiae I + P. stipitis in sodium alginate with 4.5 mm of bead size from hydrolyzed syrup of apple pomace from bacterial carbohydrases. Scale up of SHF with apple pomace using carbohydrases from bacteria and fungus with immobilized co-culture of S. cerevisiae I + P. stipitis was performed in 7.5 L bioreactor, achieving highest ethanol production after 36 h of fermentation with 36.97g/l of ethanol (72.35% of fermentation efficiency) and 31.60g/l of ethanol yield (with 61.80% of fermentation efficiency) at 100 rpm of agitation rate, 0.05vvm of aeration rate respectively, observed the best combination for highest bioethanol production. Also the value addition to the left over residue of apple pomace for single cell protein production and mushroom production help to dispose this waste in an environment friendly manner and production of microbial protein.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF INDIGENOUS PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON SOIL HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) GUPTA, SHWETA; KAUSHAL, RAJESHABSTRACT Capsicum is a renumerative crop to the farmers and is grown in both open fields and protective structures. The nutrient requirements and its sensitivity to extremes of environment coupled with higher incidence of diseases such as damping off (Pythium spp.), phytophthora collar rot (Phytophthora capsici), fruit rot (Colletotrichum capsici) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) resulted in sizeable yield losses. The use of PGPR to supplement chemical fertilizers and pesticides is a potential alternative but no commercial formulation is available for use. So, the present investigations entitled “Impact of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and chemical fertilizers on soil health and productivity of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)” was carried out during 2013-2016. Rhizosphere and root samples of capsicum were collected from twenty eight locations of agro-climatic zone I, II and III of Himachal Pradesh. Among 157 isolates, 34 morphological distinct isolates were selected for screening of possession of multifarious plant growth promoting traits. Among selected isolates, all were P-solubilizers, nitrogen fixers, siderophore producers, 18 isolates were able to produce IAA, 19 isolates were ACC- deaminase producers, 12 isolates were ammonia producers and only 5 isolates were HCN producer. Under laboratory conditions, except THE 17 isolate, all the tested isolates were able to inhibit the growth of one or more test pathogens i.e. Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum capsici. Fifteen isolates possessing maximum PGP traits were characterized further. The TCP solubilisation by selected fifteen isolates ranged from 169.84 µg/ml to 60.16 µg/ml, siderophore production efficiency ranged from 56.36 percent to 12.79 per cent, able to grow in a temperature range of (20 - 40ºC), pH (5.0-8.0) and salt concentration (2-6%). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing three isolates (JHA6, ROH6 and ROH14) possessing maximum multifarious PGP traits were identified as Providencia sp. (ROH6), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (JHA6) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (ROH14). The application of isolated indigenous PGPR Providencia sp. (ROH6) reduced the disease incidence of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) by 70% as compared to pathogen inoculated control. The conjoint application of PGPR isolate (JHA6 and ROH14) along with 80 per cent NP (N80 and P61 kg/ha) brought a significant increase in yield by 8.93%, available N and P contents by 8.64 and 20.73 per cent, over recommended doses (N100 and P76 kg/ha) besides saving 20 per cent chemical fertilizers. The study, therefore, indicates the potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (ROH14) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (JHA6) in partial replacement of N and P (~20%) applied through chemical fertilizers, besides higher productivity of crops. Further, the application of selected indigenous isolates (JHA6 and ROH14) can induce drought tolerance by increasing antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) activities. Thus, the conjoint application of PGPR isolates at 80 per cent doses of N & P has good prospects to be used as biofertilizer, biocontrol and biostimulant not only for enhanced growth and yield of capsicum but also to sustain soil health.ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF PECTINASE AND ITS APPLICATION IN PREPARATION OF PROBIOTIC FORTIFIED FUNCTIONAL FRUIT JUICES(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) HANDA, SHWETA; SHARMA, NIVEDITAABSTRACT Fruit compost being a highly probable source for pectinolytic microorganisms was utilized as a source for isolation of pectinolytic microorganisms. In total, 16 pectinolytic bacteria and 8 fungi have been screened from fruit compost. Among them, two bacterial strains C1 and S5 and one fungal strain C4 were selected on the basis of highest pectinase production (IU/ml) and were identified as B. parabrevis C1 |KU323596|, S. violaceoruber S5 |KX512313 | and R. sexualis C4 |KX512311|. Cultural conditions and process parameters viz. media types, pH, temperature, inoculum size, incubation time, substrate concentration, divalent ions and surfactants etc. were optimized firstly through classical one variable at a time (OVAT) followed by statistical optimization by employing central composite design of response surface methodology. The enzymes obtained from all the three strains were purified to homogeneity by following a sequential purification approach. B. parabrevis C1, S. violaceoruber S5 and R. sexualis C4 pectinase was purified to a final purification fold of 2.26, 3.31 and 2.68 respectively. Molecular weight of B. parabrevis C1 and R. sexualis C4 pectinase was 43 kDa whereas; S. violaceoruber S5 pectinase had a molecular weight of 60 kDa. Pectinase activity was found to be maximum at 50 oC and pH 6.0 for B. parabrevis C1 and R. sexualis C4 and 60 oC and pH 9.0 for S. violaceoruber S5. Pectinase from all the three strains was quite thermostable with retention of more than 50% activity after incubation of 90 min at 45-60 oC. Kinetic characteristics of pectinase from all the three strains showed that the enzyme was very efficient qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Raw pectin hydrolysis ability shown by pectinase from all the three strains is a rare feature of pectinase making it a potential candidate for industries. Purified pectinase of S. violaeceoruber S5 being most potential among all the pectinases study along with the other hydrolytic enzymes viz. cellulase and amylase was employed for the juice extraction and clarification by statistical optimization by employing central composite design of response surface methodology. Treatment 21 having pectinase 10U, Cellulase 2U, Amylase 5U at temperature 52 oC in time 60 min showed maximum apple juice yield and clarification. Further, apple juice was fermented with the inhouse probiotic strains i.e. L. reuteri F8, L. delbreuckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. plantarum F22 in different sets, and Set D having consortia of these three probiotic strains was highly nutritious having high content of ascorbic acid, phenols and proteins and was successfully accepted in its sensory evaluation. The apple juice proved to be a suitable media for the production of a fermented probiotic drink and can serve as a healthy beverage.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE METABOLITES PRODUCING STRAINS OF Pseudomonas SPECIES FOR SURVIVAL AND GROWTH PROMOTION OF REPLANTED APPLE(2016) KAUNDAL, KIRTI; KAUR, MOHINDERABSTRACT The present study focuses on characterization of secondary antifungal metabolites i.e. Phenazine and Pyrrolnitrin produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the normal and replant sites of Maggota and Sioa of apple orchards. Twelve strains were isolated from the replant sites of Maggota and Siao of Shimla distt. and four already isolated strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. from replant sites of apple were screened out for direct and indirect plant growth promoting activities like antifungal, siderophores, phosphate solubilization and production of HCN, ammonia, plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins) and lytic enzymes. By 16S Rrna gene characterization isolates An-3-Mg and An-19-Mg showed 99% similarity with Pseudomonas poae and Pseudomonasputida respectively. Three fungal isolates from replant site of orchard at Maggota showed similarity i.e. ARF1 (Fusarium oxysporum, 99%), ARF2 (Acremonium zeae, 97%) and ARF3 (Curvularia australiensis, 99%) and one isolate from replant site of orchard at Siao i.e. ARF4 99% similarity with Plectosphaerella cucumerina by ITS gene sequencing method. Optimization of media, time of incubation, temperature, pH, carbon and mineral sources were done for production and extraction of antifungal metabolites i.e. Phenazine & Pyrrolnitrin and for mass multiplication of inoculums for field trials. These metabolites were extracted with benzene and acetone identified and characterized through TLC at Rf 0.52 and 0.25 respectively. Antifungal activity, MIC and thermal stability of both these metabolites were evaluated. Phenazine was further characterized through HPLC, NMR and FTIR techniques. The extracted metabolite showed inhibition of fungal pathogens i.e. 24.2 to 44.2%. Individual and consortial formulation of four best selected strains i.e. P. putida (L), P.fluorescens(M) and P.aeruginosa (G and H) showed growth promotion in terms of plant height, no. of nodes, Chl content, available NPK and available micronutrients of replanted apple at Maggota and Siao. Therefore these strains can be exploited for the management of replant problem of apple. SignatureThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTI-TRAIT PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AND EVALUATING THEIR POTENTIAL AS BIOINOCULANT FOR ENHANCED GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO(2016) SHARMA, RASHMI; SHIRKOT, C.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Characterization of multi-trait plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and evaluating their potential as bioinoculant for enhanced growth and yield of tomato” was carried out in the Department of Basic Sciences, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2013-2015. The application of PGPR based bio-inoculants on vegetable crops production is gaining importance as it is a widely accepted fact that PGPR play a key role in plant health and nutrition. Keeping this in view, present study aimed at characterization of bacterial isolates from different crops rhizosphere for multiple plant growth promoting traits and their co-inoculation efficiency along with variable doses of chemical fertilizers for enhanced growth and yield of tomato. A total of 20 bacterial isolates from rhizosphere of different crops were screened for multifarious plant growth promoting activities viz., production of IAA, Psolubilization, siderophore production, growth on nitrogen free medium, in vitro antibiosis against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL), Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum and lytic enzymes activities. Six most efficient PGPR (S21, S25, B6, A10, MK5 and PM9) showing significant PGP traits, were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and were identified as B. subtilis T1, B. subtilis CKTR, B. licheniformis CKA1, B. safensis A10, B. pumilus MK5 and B. subtilis PM9 respectively. Sole application of selected six Bacillus strains under field conditions resulted in significant increase in various plant growth and yield parameters over control. B. subtilis T1 resulted in highest increase in tomato yield (79.81%) over untreated control. The most efficient Bacillus strains, B. subtilis T1 and B. licheniformis CKA1 showed remarkable tricalcium phosphate solubilization under in vitro and in planta conditions and were further evaluated under field conditions along with variable doses of chemical fertilizers for enhanced growth and yield of tomato. Field studies revealed that conjoint application of 75% NPK + B. subtilis T1 increased tomato yield by 38.23% over recommended dose of chemical fertilizers besides saving 25 per cent chemical fertilizers. Evaluation of biocontrol potential under net house conditions revealed that liquid based culture of B. subtilis T1 reduced the disease incidence of FOL by 86.67% and B. subtilis CKTR achieved a biocontrol efficacy of 83.33% against P. capsici. Detection of various lipopeptides like iturin, fengycin and surfactin in strains T1 and CKTR explains the possible mechanism of biocontrol by these strains. Diversity analysis of culturable bacterial population associated with tomato rhizosphere revealed significant variations in viable bacterial population and number of morphotypes in the rhizosphere and roots of tomato collected from UHF-Nauni, Solan and Dharja, Solan respectively. Genetic diversity study on the basis of ARDRA analysis divided all the isolates into 9 phylotypes at 80% similarity level. The representative PGPR from each phylotype were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and were belonged to different species of genus Bacillus viz., tequilensis, amyloliquifaciens, subtilis, rhizosphaerae, methylotrophicus, axerguiensis, sonorensis, flexus and two isolates of genus Brevibacterium were obtained. Overall, present study conclude that, in view of environmental pollution due to excessive use of agricultural chemicals and high cost of the production of chemical fertilizers, B. subtilis T1 may well be used to achieve more sustainable and environment friendly tomato production under mid hill regions of Himachal Pradesh