Loading...
Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
Browse
4 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Detection and characterization of gene encoding bacteriocin in lactic acid bacteria and to study preservative potential of purified bacteriocin(YSPU, 2012) Gautam, Neha; Sharma, NiveditaThe present investigation was carried out to isolate most efficient bacteriocin producing potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from rare and unexplored food sources, their screening, identification,optimization to enhance the maximum bacteriocin producing potential, purification, characterization of purified bacteriocin on biochemical as well as on molecular level and application of bacteriocin as food biopreservatives. In addition, probiotic attributes of bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacteria and its role in cell mediated preservation was studied. In total 53 bacterial isolates were isolated from fermented/ non fermented food sources. out of all, 41 bacterial isolates which were catalase –ve were screened against ten spoilage causing food borne pathogens by bit/disc method. Among all, 8 isolates were further secreened to test bacteriocin production potential on the basis of their wide inhibitory spectrum against tested pathogens. Finally two isolates UN and G2 were selected for further studies being hyperbacteriocin producers, which were isolated from Dhulliachar and Gundruck respectively which are traditional fermented food products of North east India. Isolate UN was identified as Lactobacillus breviswhile G2 identified as Lactobacillus spicheriby 16S r RNA gene technique and registered in NCBI under accession no. JX46150 and JX48191 respectively. Bacteriocin productionwas optimized through classical one variable at a time method. Both the isolates showed maximum bacteriocin production at early stationary phase, at pH4.0, temperature 35 0 C with an inoculum size of 1.5 OD @ 10 %. Bacteriocins from both the isolates were purified by single step gel exclusion chromatography and their molecular weights were found to be 14 kDa and 43 kDa respectively. Activity units increased from 2×10 3 to 8×10 3 AU/ml in both cases. Purified bacteriocin titers of L. brevis UN increased by 87.5 % against L. monocytogenes, 66.6 % againstS.aureus and 75 % against C. perfringens. In case of L. spicheriG2 bacteriocin titers increased by 75 % , against L. monocytogenes, S. aureusand 15 % against C. perfringensrespectively. Purified bacteriocins of both the isolates were characterized by studying the effect of temperature, pH , proteolytic enzymes and storage stability on them. Both purified bacteriocins were maximum active against all the tested pathogens at neutral pH, both were found to have moderate thermostability and were sensitive to proteolytic enzymes trypsin and proteinase k. Molecular determinants for bacteriocin production in L. brevis UN showed that gene for bacteriocin production was plasmid bound. 1H-NMR revealed the unique combinations of different amino acids in biochemical structure of purified bacteriocin which has beenreported for the first time in present study. Both isolates were tested for their probiotic attributes and werefound to have sound probiotic potential.The use of both the strains in bacteriocin mediated preservation and cell mediated preservation have been found quite satisfactory. The purified bacteriocins produced by L. brevis UN and L.spicheriG2 showed resistance to the spoilage causing microorganisms in milk and apple juice. L. brevisUN and L. spicheriG2 were used successfully to prepare healthy and refreshing probiotics drinks viz. bioyogurt I, II, III and nutritionally rich cereal based probiotic product.ThesisItem Open Access Purification of cellulase and xylanase enzymes produced from potential microorganisms isolated from compost for industrial application(YSPU, 2012) Sanjeev Kumar; Sharma, NiveditaThe present investigation was carried out to isolate, screen and identify the most efficient cellulolytic and xylanolytic microorganisms from compost. Enzyme production, optimization, purification, characterization, kinetics, cellulase/xylanase gene encoding and scale up studies were performed with selected strains to recommend their use for industries. In total 102 microorganisms including 93 bacteria and 9 fungi were isolated. Among them, three bacteria SH8, SH0 and BM-1 and two fungal isolates i.e. T2 and W2were screened for cellulase and xylanase enzyme production studies. The bacterial isolates were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. tequilensis and B. subtilisrespectively by 16S rRNA PCR technique and registered in NCBI under accession no. JX129360.1, JX129359.1 and JX129361.1 while fungiwere identified as T. longibracheatum and R. oryzae by ITS 5.8S rRNA technique and being assigned accession no. JX213811.1 and JX213812.1. in NCBI. Cellulase and xylanase enzymes were optimized through classical approach one factor at a time (OFAT) as well as response surface methodology (RSM) under submerged fermentation varying medium, pH, temperature, inoculum size, carbon source, substrate concentration and incubation time and in solid state fermentation using different pretreatments i.e. pH, temperature, moisture ratioand incubation time. The percent increase in enzyme activity obtained after optimization of different process parameters was 204.51% for cellulase of B. subtilis BM-1, 222.91% and 210.52% for xylanase of B. amyloliquefaciensSH8 and B. tequilensisSH0, respectively in SmF. The increase in cellulase and xylanase of T. longibracheatumT2 was recorded 63.65% and 95.96% while in R. oryzaeW2 it was 107.38% and 125.64%, respectively under SSF. The purification of hydrolytic enzymes was proceeded following multistep purification technique using ion exchange chromatography and gel exclusion chromatography and the molecular weight of partially purified xylanase enzymes of B. amyloliquefaciensSH8, B. tequilensisSH0 and T. longibracheatumT2 were found in the range of 14 kDa to 93.4 kDa, respectively. The partially purified xylanase of both bacterial and fungal origin were further characterized by studying, the effect of various parameters viz. the effect of pH, temperature, metal ions, substrate specificity, substrate concentrations and their kinetic parameters were derived. The partially purified thermostable xylanaseof bacterial origin was active at 90 o C, pH 6.0, showed high activity on xylan containingsubstrates and depicted cellulase free nature. The K m and V max of B. amyloliquefaciens SH8 xylanase for birch wood xylan were 166.67 µmol/mg/min and 5.83 mg/ml, while for B. tequilensisSH0 were 166.66 µmol/mg/min and 10.99 mg/ml. Similarly, partially purified enzyme of T. longibracheatumT2 was optimally active at 60 o C, pH 5.0 and showed high activity on xylan containing substrates. The K m and V max of T. longibracheatum T2 xylanase for birch wood xylan were 125.0 µmol/mg/min and 1.55 mg/ml. Cellulase and xylanase abilities of the isolates were targeted by amplification of eglS and Xyn genes. Optimum conditions i.e. inoculum age, inoculum size, aeration rate and agitation rate were explored at pilot scale for xylanase enzyme by B. amyloliquefaciens SH8. The inoculum age of 4h, inoculum size @ 10% concentration, 1.0vvm and agitation rate of 200 rpm were found best for production of xylanase enzyme in 7.5 L bioreactor. Mathematical model based on experimental results for xylanase production was proposed. The production of xylanasewas found growth associated. The model consists ofa set of ordinary differential equations taking into account the bacterial growth, substrate utilization and xylanase production with time.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity and functions of phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria associated with apple seedlings(YSPU, 2012) Mehta, Preeti; Shirkot, C.K.The ability of a few soil microorganisms to convert insoluble forms of phosphorus to an accessible form is an important trait in plant growth-promoting bacteria for increasing plant yields. Little is known about the composition of phosphate solubilizing bacterial(PSB) diversity associated with rhizosphere of apple trees. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the diversity of PSB population associated with rhizosphere of soil and roots of apple and characterize them for multifarious plant growth promoting traits and to test the hypothesis, whether root exudates of apple trees exert a selective pressure on the proliferation of similar or different phosphate solubilizing plant growth promoting rhizobacterial population. Two hundred and six phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated by using culture dependent procedure from rhizosphere soil and endorhizosphere of apple trees of four locations viz., Chamba, Shimla, Kinnaur and Kullu of Himachal Pradesh. All the PSB isolates were screened for plant growth promoting traits (PGPT), including IAA production, siderophore, HCN, chitinase synthesis ability and antifungal activity against D. necatrix. IAA production was detected in 50 isolates (24.2%), siderophore synthesis in 53 isolates (25.7%), HCN in 40 isolates (19.4%), chitinase synthesis ability in 61 isolates(29.6%) and percent growth inhibition against D. necatrixin 61 isolates (29.6%). The diversity index (Shannnon-Weaver index) revealed that PGPT-possessing PSBs in rhizosphere soil were more diverse than root endosphere. Eighty five of total 206 PSB isolates possessed one or more than one plant growth promoting traits, hence these 85 PGPT- possessing PSBs were selected further for RAPD analysis. After RAPD- PCR analysis with primerRBa-4, 85 PSBs were divided in to five major groups. Sixteen representative PSB isolates from RAPD groups (3, 2, 8, 1, 2 isolates of Ist, 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th group, respectively.) were identified further by 16S rRNA analysis. The 16S rRNA analysis identified 16 PSBs as Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. altitudinis, B. methylotrophicus and B. firmus. Among 206 PSBs, a highly efficient P-solubilizing isolate was selected and presumptively identified as Bacillus subtilis CB8 A. The isolate solubilized tri-calcium phosphate and produced substantial amount of soluble phosphorus (823 mg/l) in Pikovskaya’s (PVK) broth and exhibited the production of IAA (16.2 µg/ml), siderophore (85.21%) and growth inhibition against D. necatrix (56.67%). P- solubilization of B. subtilis CB8A was inversely correlated with pH (r = – 0.78) and positively correlated siderophore production (r = 0.81), IAA (r = 0.58) and antifungal antibiotic activity against D. necatrix (r = 0.63). Gluconic acid (1.43%) and citric acid (0.67%) were detected as the major organic acids with small percentages of 2- ketogluconic acid (0.34%), formic acid (0.15%), oxalic acid (0.10%) and fumaric acid (0.03%) during TCP solubilization by the B. subtilis CB8 A. P- solubilization and nitrogen fixing abilities of the isolate CB 8 A were confirmed by amplification of gdh and nifH genes. Thus, the ability of performing multifarious plant growth promoting activities in tandem suggest B. subtilis CB8 A a novel PSB isolate for plant growth promotion and has significance to develop a costeffective ecofriendly multifunctional biofertilizer for use in apple orchards, the most important cash crop in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access PURIFICATION OF CELLULASE AND XYLANASE ENZYMES PRODUCED FROM POTENTIAL MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM COMPOST FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION(2012) SANJEEV KUMAR; SHARMA, NIVEDITAABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to isolate, screen and identify the most efficient cellulolytic and xylanolytic microorganisms from compost. Enzyme production, optimization, purification, characterization, kinetics, cellulase/xylanase gene encoding and scale up studies were performed with selected strains to recommend their use for industries. In total 102 microorganisms including 93 bacteria and 9 fungi were isolated. Among them, three bacteria SH8, SH0 and BM-1 and two fungal isolates i.e. T2 and W2 were screened for cellulase and xylanase enzyme production studies. The bacterial isolates were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. tequilensis and B. subtilis respectively by 16S rRNA PCR technique and registered in NCBI under accession no. JX129360.1, JX129359.1 and JX129361.1 while fungi were identified as T. longibracheatum and R. oryzae by ITS 5.8S rRNA technique and being assigned accession no. JX213811.1 and JX213812.1. in NCBI. Cellulase and xylanase enzymes were optimized through classical approach one factor at a time (OFAT) as well as response surface methodology (RSM) under submerged fermentation varying medium, pH, temperature, inoculum size, carbon source, substrate concentration and incubation time and in solid state fermentation using different pretreatments i.e. pH, temperature, moisture ratio and incubation time. The percent increase in enzyme activity obtained after optimization of different process parameters was 204.51% for cellulase of B. subtilis BM-1, 222.91% and 210.52% for xylanase of B. amyloliquefaciensSH8 and B. tequilensis SH0, respectively in SmF. The increase in cellulase and xylanase of T. longibracheatum T2 was recorded 63.65% and 95.96% while in R. oryzae W2 it was 107.38% and 125.64%, respectively under SSF. The purification of hydrolytic enzymes was proceeded following multistep purification technique using ion exchange chromatography and gel exclusion chromatography and the molecular weight of partially purified xylanase enzymes of B. amyloliquefaciensSH8, B. tequilensis SH0 and T. longibracheatum T2 were found in the range of 14 kDa to 93.4 kDa, respectively. The partially purified xylanase of both bacterial and fungal origin were further characterized by studying, the effect of various parameters viz. the effect of pH, temperature, metal ions, substrate specificity, substrate concentrations and their kinetic parameters were derived. The partially purified thermostable xylanase of bacterial origin was active at 90oC, pH 6.0, showed high activity on xylan containing substrates and depicted cellulase free nature. The Km and Vmax of B. amyloliquefaciens SH8 xylanase for birch wood xylan were 166.67 μmol/mg/min and 5.83 mg/ml, while for B. tequilensis SH0 were 166.66 μmol/mg/min and 10.99 mg/ml. Similarly, partially purified enzyme of T. longibracheatum T2 was optimally active at 60oC, pH 5.0 and showed high activity on xylan containing substrates. The Km and Vmax of T. longibracheatum T2 xylanase for birch wood xylan were 125.0 μmol/mg/min and 1.55 mg/ml. Cellulase and xylanase abilities of the isolates were targeted by amplification of eglS and Xyn genes. Optimum conditions i.e. inoculum age, inoculum size, aeration rate and agitation rate were explored at pilot scale for xylanase enzyme by B. amyloliquefaciens SH8. The inoculum age of 4h, inoculum size @ 10% concentration, 1.0vvm and agitation rate of 200 rpm were found best for production of xylanase enzyme in 7.5 L bioreactor. Mathematical model based on experimental results for xylanase production was proposed. The production of xylanase was found growth associated. The model consists of a set of ordinary differential equations taking into account the bacterial growth, substrate utilization and xylanase production with time.