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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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2016 - 20202
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Subject: Microbiology × Author: SHARMA, KANIKA × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AN INNOVATIVE GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTE UTILIZATION
    (NAUNI,UHF, 2020-10) SHARMA, KANIKA; SHARMA, NIVEDITA
    ABSTRACT In the present investigation, different agricultural wastes were collected from Himachal Pradesh and their adjoining states i.e. Punjab and Haryana and an attempt had been made to utilize this waste as substrate for its enzymatic degradation to enhance their saccharification and bioconversion to ethanol by co-fermentation with ethanologens. Based upon the chemical composition of mixed agricultural waste and large availability of rice straw, these were finally selected for further study. Different physico-chemical pretreatment methods applied to rice straw/mixed waste, where maximum reducing sugars i.e. 46.98 and 44.45 mg/g from rice straw/mixed waste respectively were obtained in microwave pretreatment. After optimization of different process parameters by one factor at a time (OFAT) approach for enzymatic saccharification under SmF, highest reducing sugars reported from untreated and pretreated rice straw/mixed waste were 34.40 and 56.70 mg/g; 38.0 and 63.50 mg/grespectively, at enzymatic ratio of 3.5:1.5, 50oC temperature, 5.5 pH, incubation period 72 h and 7.5% biomass loading followed by CCD of RSM by varying temperature, pH and incubation time. SEM analysis revealed that the surface structure of rice straw/mixed waste was significantly changed after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The reducing sugars so obtained were analyzed using HPLC technique. In 2nd mode i.e. SSF (biological degradation), two fungal strains selected P. chrysoporium and P. ostreatus fungal strains had showed maximum amount of reducing sugars produced i.e. 55.70 and 49.05 mg/g by using microwave pretreated rice straw and mixed waste respectively. After optimization of process parameters through OFAT and RSM maximum reducing sugars from untreated and pretreated rice straw (450 watt) /mixed waste (600 watt) had the critical values as 51.12 and 37.98 mg/g; 71.99 and 73.10 mg/g respectively, at 30 and 25oC temperature and incubation period 10 days respectively. Among two processes of ethanol fermentation evaluated in the present study, SHF was found to be the best in terms of highest ethanol productivity with S. cerevisiae I+ P. stipitis as best fermenting microorganism from enzymatic saccharified and fungal degraded sugary syrup. Estimation of bioethanol production after enzymatic saccharfied/ biological degrdaded microwave pretreated rice straw/mixed waste hydrolysate fermented by co-culture of S. cerevisae I and P. stipitis was done with the help of GC-MS. Scale up of ethanol fermentation using 7.5 l stirred tank bioreactor, batch conversion of rice straw/mixed waste enzymatic saccharified hydrolysate to ethanol was carried out by co-culture of S. cerevisiae I + P. stipitis under SHF. The highest ethanol yield of 52.14 and 46.89 g/l with 88.12 and 80.01 % of fermentation efficiency was achieved after 48 and 36 h of fermentation with an agitation speed of 200 rpm and aeration rate of 0.05vv, pH 6 at 25 ±2°C and inoculating the bioreactor with 24 h old co-culture of yeasts (S. cerevisiae I + P. stipitis). Also to combat the pollution problem, value addition of agricultural waste for cultivation of mushroom supplemented with apple pomace had emerged as an ecofriendly technique with higher yield and better utilization substrate.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH FOR THEIR EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION AND ITS APPLICATION
    (2016) SHARMA, KANIKA; SHARMA, NIVEDITA
    ABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to isolate most efficient potential lactic acid bacteria from dairy products of Himachal Pradesh were screened exopolysaccharide (EPS), identification, safety assessment, evaluation of probiotic attributes, optimization, characterization as well as development of purified EPS based food product. Sixty eight potential lactic acid bacteria were screened for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by using ruthenium red MRS agar. Out of these 68 isolates, eight i.e. KM0, KM1, KL14, KL15, KM4, JC5, KM3 and KC7 were found positive for EPS production. The quantitative analysis for EPS production was done by using phenol sulphuric acid method and KM0 showed highest EPS production (4.33 mg/ml), followed by KM1 (3.46 mg/ml) and KL14 (2.31 mg/ml). Isolates KM0, KM1 and KL14 were selected for further studies having maximum EPS production, which were isolated from Milk cream, Milk and Lassi, respectively that are dairy products of Himachal Pradesh. Isolates KM0, KM1 and KL14 were identifies as Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paraplantarum and Lactobacillus casei by 16S rRNA gene technique and registered in NCBI under accession no. KX671557, KX671558 and KX774469, respectively. Safety assessment of EPS producing isolates was done by evaluating antibiotic susceptibility, haemolytic, DNase and gelatinase activities. All the isolates exhibited 80-100% antibiotic sensitivity, non-heamolytic, non-DNase and non-gelatinase activities, thereby proving their safe status. These screened isolates were further examined for their probiotic potential viz. acidity tolerance, bile tolerance,auto aggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, and cumulative probiotic potential. All the three screened exopolysaccharide producing isolates were found to be highly acidity tolerant strains with 93.65-99.41 % survival rate at pH 3 for 3 h. These three isolates were able to resist high bile salt concentration i.e. 2.0% with 93.12-98.22 % survival rate for 8 h. All the three isolates exhibited good autoaggregation capacity i.e. greater than 40% after 5 h and showed string hydrophobicity towards xylene i.e. > 40%. The entire screened three isolates were highly qualified with cumulative score of 95.83%.Five parameters i.e. incubation time, temperature, pH, carbon source, surfactants and nitrogen concentration were optimized by using One Factor at a Time approach (OFAT) followed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for EPS production. The best carbon source was lactose (1.5%, 2% for KM0 and KM1) while sucrose for KL14 (2%) and best nitrogen concentration was (0.2 % for KM0 and KM1, 0.3% for KL14). The optimum pH, temperature and incubation time were 6.50, 35ºC, respectively for all the isolates. Under optimized conditions, an overall increase of 34mg/ml, 32 mg/ml and 28 mg/ml EPS production was observed with KM0, KM1 and KL14, respectively. A step by step purification of exopolysaccharide was done by P. acidilactici KM0, L. paraplantarum KM1& L. casei KL14 , their characterization of KM0, KM1& KL14 was done and the purified exopolysaccharide showed wide stability in high temperature(heat shock & cold shock), pH, storage stability, waterholding capacity, thin layer chromatography (TLC). Among all the isolates, L. paraplantarum KM1 showed maximum EPS production, so it was selected for further study. KM1 isolate characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF and SEM. Further, the purified exopolysaccharide was used for the curd formation. The exopolysaccharide was found effectively active to be used in dairy industry as it showed 63.42 % water holding capacity, improve taste and texture of curd.