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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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2011 - 20162
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Subject: Microbiology × Author: CHANDEL, SHALINI × Start date: 1993 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SIDEROPHORE PRODUCING PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH APPLE CULTIVARS
    (2011) CHANDEL, SHALINI; SHIRKOT, C.K.
    ABSTRACT Siderophore are compounds secreated under low iron stress that act as a specific iron chelate agent, making iron unavailable to pathogens and hence make it available to plant roots and thus benefit plant growth. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize siderophore producing bacteria associated with rhizosphere of soil and roots of apple, possessing multifarious plant growth promoting traits and to test the hypothesis, whether or not different cultivars of apple exert selective pressure on the proliferation of similar or different siderophore producing PGPR population. Fifty six, siderophore producing bacterial isolates (thirty endophytic and twenty six rhizospheric) were selected (by modified replica plating technique) from the rhizosphere soil and roots of the four cultivars of apples. These isolates exhibited variability in growth on nutrient agar, Chromo azarol–S, Pikovskaya’s and Nitrogen free media. Variation was also observed in their plant growth promoting (PGP) activities: Siderophore (qualitative and quantitative) production varied among isolates. Variation was also observed in type (Hydroxamate, carboxylate, catecholate) of siderophore produced. All the isolates were able to solubilise tricalciuam phosphate (TCP) and IAA (except one). Five bacterial isolate exhibited antifungal activity against Phytopathora sp.,thiry four against Pythium aphanidermatum, thirty two against Dematophora necatrix , forty seven Fusarium oxysporum, and thirty one against Sclerotium rolfsii. Of the fifty six isolates, ten were further screened for siderophore production by varying the growth culture conditions, further studies were carried out with isolate G4(3) which produced 100.40%SU under un-optimized culture conditions. Optimizing the culture conditions (nutrient agar medium amended with 1% (w/v) dextrose as carbon source after 72 h of incubation at 30oC, at pH 7.00 and 0.025 mM FeCl3 concentration) resulted in significant increase in siderophore production (243.00%SU) by isolate G4(3), identified as Serratia plymuthica based on 16S rDNA analysis. Siderophore producing bacterial isolates were evaluated for growth promotion of tomato seedlings under axenic conditions in growth chamber. These studies revealed variation in their ability to promote early growth of tomato seedlings. The present study, therefore, suggests that the use of siderophore producing bacteria as bio-inoculants that might be beneficial for raising quality apple nursery in long term and to develop cost effective ecofriendly sustainable system in the management of horticultural problems.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY OF RHIZOBACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND EVALUATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIAL APPLICATION STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE GROWTH AND YIELD IN APPLE
    (2016) CHANDEL, SHALINI; SHIRKOT, C.K.
    ABSTRACT Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit crops grown and consumed in the world. In Himachal Pradesh, apple crop occupies an area of 1,07,700 hectare with a production of 7,38,700 metric tons. Attempts to enhance apple productivity, in the Trans Himalayan region has resulted in rapid expansion in area under apple cultivation. However, the strict physio-geographic conditions, pose several hurdles. High yielding modern varieties are being adopted, to increase the productivity, which are highly responsive to external inputs. This results in indiscriminate use of chemical inputs, which poses potential threat to human health and environment. The utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may help to develop an environmentally benign biological approach for managing fungal diseases and enhancing the plant health resulting in increase in yield. In the last decade of research, several PGPR strains that have been identified and the research on PGPR has seen a tremendous boost, mainly because the role of the rhizosphere as an ecological unit has gained importance in the functioning of the biosphere. The present study envisages better understanding of structural and functional rhizobacterial diversity associated with apple replant sites and root rot infected diseased apple orchards. Principal component analysis revealed detailed insight into correlation between apple associated rhizobacterial population and different plant growth promoting traits in (a) healthy and root rot infected apple orchards; (b) apple replant sites and new plantation apple orchards. Molecular diversity analysis employing techniques viz. amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and DNA sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed comparative insight into structural variations in rhizobacterial diversity. In planta evaluations using microbial formulations developed using PGPR strains viz. Bacillus licheniformis strain CKA1, B.methylotropicus strain CKAM, Serratia plymuthica strain G4(3), B.methylotropicus Strain RG1(3), and their consortium have been comprehensively evaluated in the present study. Bio-control potential of microbial formulations against phyto-pathogens has also been assessed using in planta experimentation. Strain CKA1 based bio-formulation proved to be the most effective as compared to all other PGPR strains in providing antagonism against pytopathogens as revealed by experimentations carried out under net house conditions. Attempts have also been made, in the present study to understand the genetic basis of mineral phosphate solubilization in strain CKA1. Cloning and sequencing of gdh gene has paved the way for understanding molecular mechanisms involved in nutrient mobilization of essential nutrient (phosphorus) and its subsequent enhanced uptake by plants, as mediated by the rhizobacteria. Multi-location trials were carried out with inoculation of B. licheniformis strain CKA1 to access its effect on early vegetative growth of apple plants under field conditions. Effect of strain CKA1 on vegetative growth of apple was also compared at fresh plantation and re-plantation sites. Results revealed significant increase in vegetative growth over un-inoculated controls at all the locations studied. Effect of liquid formulation of CKA1 on apple yield, pomological traits, and fruit content and nutrient parameters was also evaluated at different locations. Comparison of different application strategies of liquid formulation viz. soil drenching in basin of apple trees alone, foliar spray at pink bud stage and soil drenching in combination with foliar spray for three consecutive years revealed that maximum apple yield/tree (28.00kg at RHRS, Mashobra; 103.75kg at Sablog, Matiana; 20.23kg at Nanni, Matiana; 110.50kg at Kyari, Kotkhai) was observed when apple trees were treated with CKA1 using a combination of root inoculation and foliar spray. Population dynamics studies carried out to determine the fate of inoculated strain of CKA1 in apple rhizosphere revelled successful establishment and colonization of the inoculated strain as indicated by high values Simpson’s index of Dominance which ranged from 1.51 to 3.40 at different locations. Apple orchard rejuvenation projects are being ambitiously launched by State agencies for restoring six decade old planted apple orchards. Integrated nutrient management systems comprising biological systems especially, single strain multifunctional PGPR such as strain CKA1 opens up new avenues not only for improving crop yield but also in sustaining soil health.