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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access Appraisal of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Sujanpur Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-12-26) Sharma, Vanshika; Sharma, Som DuttThe present study entitled “Appraisal of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Sujanpur Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the year 2021-22. The tehsil is located between 31°83ʹ25"N latitude and 76°50ʹ52"E longitude. To study the socio-economic status and vegetation composition of the land use systems seven panchayats were selected and from each panchayat two villages were selected. In each village, three farmers of each category were selected which were divided on the basis of their land holding viz. marginal category (< 1ha), small category (1-2 ha) and medium category (2-4 ha). Data was collected through field sampling and personal interviews. The study revealed that five different agroforestry systems were practiced by the farmers in the study area namely; Agrisilviculture (AS), Agrihorticulture (AH), Agrisilvihorticulture (ASH), Agrisilvipastoral (ASP) and Silvipastoral (SP) were identified. In medium and small category of farmers all five agroforestry systems were present while in marginal category of farmers silvipastoral system was absent. The average family size of sampled households was 4.40 individuals per family. The literacy rate was recorded highest (92.48) in small category of farmers. Wheat, potato, garlic, cauliflower and cabbage were rabi crops, whereas maize, tomato and turmeric were crops of kharif season. Prominent tree components in agroforestry systems were Acacia catechu, Grewia optiva, Pinus roxburghii , Bauhinia variegata, Toona ciliata, Morus alba, Ficus religiosa and Albizia lebbeck found in pastureland and along the bunds of agriculture fields, whereas fruit trees of Mangifera indica, Morus alba, Litchi chinensis, Psidium guajava and Citrus limon were retained on and around the bunds of the agriculture field. In pasture, the dominant grass species observed were as follows: Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setiger, Themada anathera, Panicum maximum and Setaria sphacelata. Irrespective of farmers categories, the highest grand total biomass (23.89 t/ha) was observed in agrisilvihorticulture system (ASH) and lowest (16.03 t/ha) in agrisilviculture system (AS). Among all the category of farmers the maximum net returns (₹97,581.20/ha/yr) was reported from agrisilvihorticulture (ASH) and least (₹5,772.50/ha/yr) from silvipastoral system. Technological gaps identifying the socio-economic and other constraints have highlighted the inherent weakness of existing AFS types. The most prominent among these constraints includes occurrence of fragmented landholdings, communication gap between lab to land, ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro-processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions etc. From the above study it was concluded that ASH system type was found to be the best for economic point of view and was proved more profitable by providing maximum B: C ratio (2.04).ThesisItem Open Access Ecological and Economical Appraisal of Apple based Agroforestry Systems in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-12-23) Acharya, Manvi; Sharma, KamalThe study entitled “Ecological and Economical Appraisal of Apple based Agroforestry Systems in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in apple orchard of Bhindi Bai Village, Bajaura, Kullu. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, having nine treatments (sole apple, sole tomato, sole brinjal, sole capsicum, sole black gram, apple + tomato, apple + brinjal, apple + capsicum and apple + black gram) with three replications in order to assess the biomass, carbon stock, soil physico-bio-chemical properties and to work out economics of the various tree-crop combinations while for comparing growth and yield parameters of agricultural crops grown under agroforestry and sole cropping, Student ‘t’ test was employed. The studies revealed that apple competed with agricultural crops (brinjal, capsicum and black gram) for moisture, nutrients and other limiting resources which resulted in poor performance (growth and yield) of agricultural crops except for tomato which performed better as an intercrop. Among all tree + crop combinations, the highest total biomass (44.05 t/ ha) and total carbon stock (21.73 t /ha) were recorded under apple + tomato. From economics point of view, the maximum (991971 Rs/ha) gross returns, net returns (566900.96 Rs/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.33) were obtained for apple + tomato. Among all the physicochemical properties, bulk density, particle density, soil porosity, pH and organic carbon were found to be affected significantly while, the soil moisture remained unaffected. Results also indicated that with increase in soil depth from 0-15 cm to 15-30 cm, particle density, bulk density and pH increased whereas, reverse trend was observed for porosity, EC, soil moisture and soil organic carbon. The available N, P and K contents decreased with the increase in soil depth under all treatments. Among all treatments, the maximum nitrogen and potassium contents were observed under apple + black gram while, the maximum phosphorus was recorded under apple + brinjal. Microbial biomass and annual flux of C, N and P were recorded the highest under apple + tomato agroforestry system at both soil depths. However, microbial biomass and flux decreased with the increase in soil depth. The soil enzymatic activities viz., dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase were also observed highest under apple + tomato.The improvement in soil physico-chemical properties indicated that the selected tree-crop combinations are sustainable.Agroforestry system integrating fruit tree (apple) with agricultural crops (tomato, brinjal, capsicum and black gram) resulted inhigher biomass production and are potential carbon sinks over agricultural cropping system. Among all the studied tree-cropcombinations, apple + tomato proved as the best combination, the farmer of the area should adopt from ecological and economical point of view.ThesisItem Open Access “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Nadaun Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-12-17) Thakur, Ayushi; Sharma, Som DuttThe present investigation entitled “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Nadaun Tehsil of Hamirpur District of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the year 2020-21 with the aim to identify agroforestry system types; estimate their biological yield and economic returns; technological gaps and thereby propose suitable agroforestry solutions. Fifteen gram panchayats were chosen and from each panchayat two villages were selected. In each village, three farmers of each category were selected which were divided on the basis of their land holding viz. marginal category (< 1ha), small category (1-2 ha) and medium category (2-4 ha). Data was collected through field sampling and personal interviews. The study revealed that five different agroforestry systems were practiced by the farmers in the study area namely; Agrisilviculture (AS), Agrihorticulture (AH), Agrisilvihorticulture (ASH), Agrihortisilviculture (AHS) and Pastoralsilviculture (PS) were identified. In medium and small category of farmers all five agroforestry systems were present while, in marginal category of farmers pastoralsilviculture system was absent. The average family size of sampled households was 4.67 person per household. The literacy rate was recorded highest (90.46%) in marginal category of farmers. Wheat, potato, garlic, cauliflower and cabbage were rabi crops, whereas maize, colocassia, tomato, ginger and turmeric were crops of kharif season. Prominent tree components in agroforestry systems were Acacia catechu, Grewia optiva, Celtis australis, Pinus roxburghii , Bauhinia variegata, Toona ciliata, Morus alba, Ficus roxburghii, Ficus palmata and Albizia lebbeck found in pastureland and along the bunds of agriculture fields, whereas fruit trees of Mangifera indica, Morus alba, Litchi chinensis, Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, Citrus limon and Punica granatum were retained on and around the bunds of the agriculture field. In pasture, the dominant grass species observed were as follows: Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setiger, Themada anathera, Panicum maximum and Setaria sphacelata. Irrespective of farmers categories, the highest grand total biomass (26.39 t/ha was observed in agrisilviculture system (AS) and lowest (18.74 t/ha) in pastoralsilviculture system (PS). Among all the category of farmers the maximum net returns (1,41,532 Rs/ha/yr) was reported from agrihortisilviculture (AHS) and least (7,875 Rs./ha/yr) from pastoralsilviculture system. Technological gaps identifying the socio-economic and other constraints have highlighted the inherent weakness of existing AFS types. The most prominent among these constraints includes disproportionate applications of insecticides/pesticides and fertilizers, occurrence of fragmented landholdings, communication gap between lab to land, ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro- processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions etc. From the above study it is concluded that AHS system type was found to be the best for economic point of view whereas ASH system type was proved more profitable by providing maximum BC ratio.ThesisItem Open Access “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Barsar Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh.”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-12-23) Verma, Akanksha; Sharma, Som DuttThe present study entitled “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Barsar Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh.” was carried out during the year 2020-21. The tehsil is located between 31°31'35" N latitude and 76°27'37" E longitude. To study the socio-economic status and vegetation composition of the land-use systems twelve panchayats were selected. A representative sample of two villages was selected from each panchayat and from each village a sample of nine farmers was selected and categorized as marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5 ha) on the basis of the land holding. The data was collected through pre-structured schedule for the purpose through personal interviews with head of the each household and visit to the fields. Socioeconomic status of farmers has been analysed taking into consideration their average family structure, sex- ratio, educational status, literacy rate, livestock status, off-farm employment status and land holding size. The study revealed that six agroforestry systems types were prevalent among different categories of farmers in the study area viz., AS, ASH, AH, ASP, PS and SP. The most predominant AFS was AS, followed by ASH. The functional units recorded under different agroforestry system types in the study area under agriculture component were Wheat, Maize, Mustard, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Tomato, Potato, Okra, Brinjal, Turmeric, Arbi and Fennel. The functional units under Silviculture component were Beul, toona, shisham, mulberry, kachnar, chir pine, khair etc. for horticulture component mango, papaya, banana, litchi, citrus etc. were recorded. Whereas, for grass species elephant grass, setaria, nut grass and natural grasses were recorded. Among all the existing agroforestry systems, irrespective of the farmer’s category the highest biological yield and net returns were recorded under agrisilvihorticulture (ASH) system i.e. 25.09 t/ha and 1,35,699 Rs./ha/yr., respectively. While, the lowest biological yield and net returns were recorded under pastoralsilviculture (PS) system i.e. 16.61 t/ha and 6,589 Rs./ha/yr., respectively. Fragmented landholdings, lack of irrigation facilities, non-availability of market, lack of awareness about high yielding variety seeds of crops and promising agroforestry tree species, low yielding varieties of horticultural plants, communication gap between lab to land and ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities were some of the constraints found in the study area. Relevant agroforestry solutions can be conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro-processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions and opening of govt. authorized sale centres at accessible places etc.ThesisItem Open Access “Appraisal of existing agroforestry systems in Chuhar valley of District Mandi, H.P.”.(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2020-12-04) Thakur, Atul; Pant, K.S.The present investigation entitled “Appraisal of existing agroforestry systems in Chuhar valley of District Mandi, H.P.” was carried out during the year 2019-20 in Chuhar valley of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. The valley is located between 31⁰ 50‟ to 32⁰ 02‟ N latitude and 76⁰ 50‟ to 77⁰ 00‟ E longitude. For the study the Chuhar valley was divided into two distinct regions viz. northern region and southern region which constituted six panchayats and seven panchayats respectively. A representative sample of two villages was selected from each panchayat and from each village a sample of nine farmers was selected and categorized as marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5 ha) on the basis of the land holding. The data was collected through pre-structured schedule for the purpose through personal interviews with head of the each household and field sampling. Socioeconomic status of farmers has been analyzed taking into account their average family structure, sex- ratio, educational status, literacy rate, livestock status, off-farm employment status and land holding size. The study revealed that six agroforestry systems types prevalent among different categories of farmers in northern and southern regions viz., AS, AHS, ASH, HP, PS and PSH. In northern region, most predominant AFS was AHS, followed by PS. In southern region, most predominant AFS was PS followed by AS. In northern region, a total of 15 plant families were recorded with 27 genera and 29 species and in pasture land a total of 10 plant families was recorded with 25 genera and 26 species. In southern region, in agricultural land a total of 22 plant families was recorded which included 41 genera and 48 species. In the pasture land, a total of 20 plant families were recorded with 40 genera and 42 species. IVI studies revealed that the most dominant fruit trees in AHS system in northern and southern regions were Prunus armeniaca and Prunus persica respectively. In northern region, among all the existing agroforestry systems highest (21.72 t ha-1) total biomass production was observed in Agrisilvihorticulture (ASH) system and lowest (9.45 t ha-1) in Pastoralsilviculture (PS) irrespective of farmers‟ categories. In southern region, among all the existing agroforestry systems highest (22.38 t ha-1) total biomass production was observed in Hortipastoral (HP) system and lowest (13.07 t ha-1) in Pastoralsilviculture (PS) irrespective of farmers‟ categories. Comparative analysis of net returns of different agroforestry revealed that in northern region maximum net returns (183276 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) was reported from Agrihortisilviculture (AHS) and least (7093 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) from Pastoralsilviculture (PS) system among all the existing agroforestry systems irrespective of all the farmers‟ categories. In southern region maximum net returns (205113 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) was reported from Agrihortisilviculture (AHS) while lowest (8213 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) from Pastoralsilviculture (PS) system among all the existing agroforestry systems irrespective of all the farmers‟ categories. Technological gaps identifying the socio-economic and other constraints have indicated the inherent weakness of existing AF systems. The most prominent constraints include disproportionate applications of insecticides/pesticides and fertilizers, fragmented landholdings, lack of efficient marketing channels, communication gap between lab to land and ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro-processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions and opening of govt. authorized sale centres at accessible places etc. From the above study it is concluded that AHS and AS system types were found to be the best for economic point of view in northern and southern regions respectively, hence these systems may be recommended for Chuhar valley. Hence the study represents the clear picture of biomass and economic analysis of existing agroforestry systems which will help the researchers and policy makers in planning and developing the strategies to overcome the existing constraints and to make sure that local people get maximum benefit from agroforestry.ThesisItem Open Access “Tree-crop interaction studies under Harar (Terminalia chebula Retz.) based agroforestry system”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-11-27) Ankita; Sharma, KamalThe current investigations on “Tree crop interaction studies under Harar (Terminalia chebula Retz.) based agroforestry system” was carried out in harar orchard at Khaggal (Neri-II) Experimental Farm of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri - Hamirpur during the year 2020-21 under subtropical conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (02 Factorial) to determine the effect of harar trees on growth and yield parameters of soyabean crop along with the soil properties in four directions (East, West, North, and South) and three distances i.e., 1, 2 and 3 m from harar trees (total 12 treatments). The treatments were replicated thrice. The quality parameters of soyabean were estimated at three distances from harar tree (D1, D2 and D3) and open crop (total four treatments) replicated five times under Randomized Block Design. The agroforestry system (harar + soyabean) was compared with the sole crop system (soyabean) employing student’s t-test. The soil was also analyzed for the presence of allelochemicals before sowing and after harvesting soyabean under the agroforestry and in open system. Results showed the maximum values for the growth and yield parameters of soyabean crop at 3 m distance from harar trees. Among directions, the best results were obtained in the north direction. The biochemical analysis revealed that the photosynthetic pigments viz., total chlorophyll and carotenoids increased with the increase distance of soyabean crop from harar trees. The photosynthetic pigments in leaves exhibited the maximum values in the sole crop and the minimum in the crop grown under the shade of harar trees. The contents of total carbohydrates and total soluble protein were significantly higher in the seeds of soyabean crop grown under the agroforestry system over the sole cropping system. Whereas, the contents of total sugars and total free amino acids were significantly higher in the sole soyabean crop as compared to the crop raised under the agroforestry system. The contents of oil, crude fibre and total sugars of soyabean increased with an increase in the distance of crop from harar trees. However, no significant difference was observed for oil and crude fibre contents in soyabean under the agroforestry system and sole crop. Positive changes in the soil properties observed under the agroforestry system indicated that the system can sustain for long. The soil analysis showed the presence of allelochemicals of harar (Octadecanoic acid, 1,2- Benzenedicarboxylic acid and Phthalic acid) in the soil under the agroforestry system. The positive effect on plant growth and yield of soyabean under agroforestry system may be due to the environmental factors like moisture, nutrients, microclimate etc. and/or allelochemicals which needs further testing. From economic perspective, higher (268380 Rs. ha-1) gross returns and benefit:cost ratio (2.79) were obtained for harar + soyabean agroforestry system as compared to sole soyabean cropping. Overall, harar + soyabean agroforestry system proved better with respect to ecological and economical perspective over sole soyabean cropping and recommended for the farmers of the area.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Land Use Pattern And Productivity Potential Of Different Grassland Ecosystems In Kawal Watershed In Himachal Pradesh(Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry;Solan, 2002) Sah, Ras Bihari; Gupta, B.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Container Type And Growing Media For Raising Quality Nursery Stock Of Acacia Catechu Willd. And Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb Ex. Dc(Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry;Solan, 2001) Qaisar, Khwaja Naved; Mishra, V.K.ThesisItem Open Access Reproductive biology, molecular profiling and biochemical analysis of Terminalia chebula (Retz.)(DYSPU, 2013) Sankanur, Mahantappa; N. B. SinghThe present investigation entitled “Reproductive biology, molecular profiling and biochemical analysis of Terminalia chebula (Retz.)” was carried out at Regional Horticultural Research Station, Jachh, Kangra and in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2010-2013. Reproductive biology of six T. chebulagenotypes revealed that Kothi (G 1), Paragpur 2 (G 3 ), Kallar (G4), Bhella (G 5) and Tamber (G 6 ) initiated most of their phenological events earlierthan Paragpur 1 (G 2 ) genotype. The flower buds busted after the leaves started to emerge for all the genotypes. Among genotypes each spike is on an average 6.79 ± 0.45 cm and produces 40.67 ± 3.36 flowers acropetally over a period of 6–7 days. On thebasis of sizes and development stages, the flower buds were assorted into seven different stages. The stigma protrudes out of the calyx during the mature bud stage. It is receptive since then and continues until the evening of the 3 rd day. The pollen–ovule ratio is 10,890:1. Anin-vitropollen germination percentage of freshly collectedpollen was higher in 30% sucrose with Brewbaker and Kwack’s medium (BKM). Fresh pollen viability percentages were generally high (above 70 per cent) for most of the genotypes. -20 0 C temperature with controlled humidity was found effective in long term storage of pollens for breeding programmes. The manual pollinations performed for autogamy, geitonogamy and parthenocarpy did not set fruit. Whereas, those performed for the xenogamous mode set fruit (65.76 ± 10.4%) and in open-pollinations the fruit set was 7.83 ± 0.78%. The flowers were foraged during daytime by 42 species of insects representing bees, wasps, bugs, flies, butterflies and beetles. Crossability pattern studies revealed thatgenotypes under study were cross compatible shouldbe involved in intraspecific breeding programme. In all the fourteen successful crosses between different genotypes were obtained. Per cent successful cross was highest in cross Bhella (G5) × Paragpur 1 (G 2) that was 2.14 per cent. The data for various nursery traits viz., collar diameter, plant height and number of leaves for various crosses was recorded when seedlings were 8 months old. Collar diameter for various crosses ranged between 1.36 mm to 3.38 mm. maximum value for collar diameter was recorded for cross Bhella (G5) × Kallar (G 4 ) i.e.3.38 mm. The maximum plant height was 20.80 cm which was recorded for cross Paragpur 2 (G 3) × Paragpur 1 (G2 ). The maximum number of leaves was found in the cross Paragpur 2 (G 3 ) × Paragpur 1 (G 2 ). Among the six genotypes various qualitative morphological descriptors studied viz.,crown of tree, branching type, bark colour, leaf colour, arrangement, shape, tip shape, base, margin, flower type, flower colour, fruit base and tip and seed colour did not show any variation at all except forthat fruit shape. Fruit samples collected from sixdifferent genotypes showed variation in their shapes, bases, colours, physical dimensions and chemical characteristics. Fruit shapes were of obovoid to ellipsoidal obovoid. While, the fruit base were, varied from round - broad. Fruit colour were Yellow green group – 144 A and 144 B. Fruits from Paragpur 1 (G 2 ) showed maximum values of fresh fruit weight (44.41 g), fresh pulp weight/fruit (42.08 g), fresh fruit length (6.46 cm), fresh pulp/kernel ratio (18.06) and dry pulp/kernel ratio (5.39). The present study confirms the need for domestication of T. chebulato be based on two ideotypes, one for fruit flesh [Paragpur 1 (G 2 )] and the other for seed trait [Paragpur 2 (G 3)]. Twenty five RAPD and twelve ISSR primers were effective in revealing polymorphisms among different genotypes of T. chebula. RAPD exhibited 96.76 per cent polymorphism among six genotypes, out of the total, 124 scorable bands, 120 showed polymorphism and 4 bands exhibited monomorphism. Total numbers of amplified and polymorphic fragments generated per ISSR primer revealed 97.92 per cent polymorphism among genotypes. Genotype Paragpur 2 (G 3) came as outliner as revealed by both ISSR study and combined data (RAPD and ISSR). Crossability pattern studies revealed that genotypes under study were cross compatible should be involved in intraspecific breeding programme. The overall profile of various macro and micro minerals as well as other chemical constituents shows T. chebula fruits as highly nutritious. T. chebula fruits should be regularly, used either in the raw form or in the form of 'Jams' and 'Murebba’ so that these fruits become an important part of our diet to supplement human dietary requirements. Signature of Major