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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Subject: Forestry × Author: ANJULO, AGENA × Start date: 1994 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPONENT INTERACTIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION OF APPLE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN WET TEMPERATE ZONE OF HIMACHAL HIMALAYAS
    (2009) ANJULO, AGENA; VERMA, K.S.
    Abstract To meet the diverse needs of both rural and urban populations, fruit tree based agroforestry systems are widely practiced by farmers in the wet temperate region of Himachal Pradesh, India. Apple is the principal fruit crop and many orchards in the region are intercropped with cereals, pulses and vegetables. However, the positive/negative influences arising out of the component interactions on the production of such systems have not been probed scientifically in the past. Hence, field study was conducted on “Component interactions and their influence on the production of apple based agroforestry system in wet temperate zone of Himachal Himalayas” during 2007-08 and 2008-09 with the following objectives: 1. Study the influence of intercrops on apple fruit yield; 2.Determine the soil and plant nutrient status of the system components; 3. Assess microbial status of the AH system. The experimental site is located at 31.85oN and 77.08oE with an altitude of 1600 masl called Baragran village which falls in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment involved five agroforestry system units viz S1 (Apple + Wheat - Tomato), S2 (Apple + Pea - Tomato), S3 (Apple + Wheat – Field bean), S4 (Apple alone) and S5 (annual crop controls). Influence of apple trees on growth and yield of annual crops which were cultivated in system units S1, S2 and S3 was studied at three distances viz 1m, 2m and 3m from the tree base, besides system unit S5 i.e. annual crop control. In all, there were 14 treatment combinations including two open controls comprising annual crops, only. The experiment was laid out using systematic randomised block design. Observations were recorded on growth and yield of annual intercrops; fruit yield of apple; microclimatic changes around the apple tree; soil physico-chemical attributes; soil microbial population and leaf nutrient concentration of the system components. Financial returns from the system were also worked out. The yield parameters of wheat and field bean viz. grain yield, thousand grain weight, biological yield and harvest index were higher at the open control than under intercropping. Number of pea pod per plant was higher under the apple tree, however, the harvest index was higher in the open control. Tomato had significantly higher plant height, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant under the apple canopy than in the open control. There was no significant difference in apple canopy spread between intercropped and uncropped trees, however, fruit yield was significantly higher in the pure apple. Soil moisture was limiting in the rabi season mainly at germination and grain filling stage of wheat. Under apple canopy, relative illumination was significantly reduced starting from anthesis of wheat. It had adverse effect on grain yield of wheat in the rabi and later on field bean in the kharif season. Soil available NPK showed positive net gains under intercropping than uncropped apple orchard. Among soil micronutrients iron was significantly lower under intercropping. Soil pH was acidic whereas EC was in suitable range for the growth of all types of crops. Soil microbial population was higher in the rabi than kharif season in the system units. Leaf nutrient concentration of all the components of the system were in sufficient to high range. The highest monetary returns were achieved from the intercropping of apple with annuals in the order: Tomato > Pea > Field bean. From the study it was concluded that apple tree growth was not affected by intercropping, however, its yield was reduced significantly in Apple+Pea-Tomato system unit. The soil nutrient status was enhanced by intercropping through fertilizer applications to annual crops compared to the sole apple system. Microbial population proliferated high in the rabi season indicating positive soil health of the system. The study proved that tomato and pea can be successfully grown in association with apple and the system can earn Rs 1577489.08 and 1330199/ha, respectively which is equivalent to US$ 33707 and 28423/ha of net returns annuall