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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON WOOD CHARACTERISTICS USING Acorus calamus L. EXTRACT AS A WOOD BIOPRESERVATIVE(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) DHIMAN, BANDANA; DUTT, BHUPENDERABSTRACT The present research entitled “Studies on wood characteristics using Acorus calamus L. extract as a wood bio preservative” was carried out during 2012-2013 & 2013-2014 in the Department of Forest Products, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) and also in the Laboratory of Fruit Pathology in the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). Wood samples of Pinus roxburghiiSargent, Celtis australisL. and Bombax ceibaL. of size 5cm x 2.5cm x 2.5cm +.25cm x .15cm x .15cm (longitudinally x radially x tangentially) were prepared. These wood specimens were dipped in different concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2 % (w/v) Acorus calamus L. rhizomeextract solution for 72 hours. These were analyzed for variation of specific gravity, per cent weight gain of treated and untreated wood on dry weight basis (Swelling), Per cent weight gain of treated and untreated wood on wet weight basis (Shrinkage), per cent oven dry weight gain before and after treatment, volumetric swelling coefficient, volumetric shrinkage coefficient, Swelling and Shrinkage of wood in three different planes, Chromium absorption (%), Chromium leaching(%), Chromium retention(%) and per cent fungus growth and per cent fungal inhibition. The maximum value for specific gravity was recorded in Celtis australis L. (0.586) and minimum in Bombax ceiba L. (0.465) showing significant difference. Swelling and shrinkage of wood were recorded maximum in Pinus roxburghii Sargent in longitudinal plane, radial and tangential plane. The minimum swelling and shrinkage were recorded in Bombax ceiba L. in longitudinal plane, radial and tangential plane. Maximum volumetric swelling and shrinkage coefficient was recorded in Pinus roxburghii Sargent in control and minimum in Bombax ceiba L. at 1.50% concentration. The maximum per cent variation of treated and untreated wood on dry and wet weight basis had been recorded in Pinus roxburghiiSargent and minimum inCeltis australisL. Maximum value for chromium absorption (%), leaching (%) and retention (%) were found at 10% chromic acid concentration and minimum at 5% concentration. The maximum fungus colonization was recorded in control (100%) for all the species. Theminimum fungus colonization was recorded in Pinus roxburghiiSargent at 2.00% concentration which was of 25% and highest fungus growth inhibition was recorded at 2.00% concentration of 75 % for Pinus roxburghiiSargent.ThesisItem Open Access “Evaluation of Willow (Salixspecies) Clones for physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood”(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) HEENA; SHARMA, K.R.ABSTRACT The present research entitled “Evaluation of Willow (Salix species) Clones for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood” was carried out in the Laboratory and Wood Workshop in the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2012-13 and 2013-14. The study revealed significant variation between physical and mechanical properties of wood of Willow clones growing at two sites. Among different physical characteristics Salix babylonica registered maximum height (21.06 m) and diameter (17.50 cm). The height and diameter value obtained for Poplar was 12.40 m and 13.17 cm. Maximum bark and wood per cent was noticed in clones Salix tetrasperma(24.98%) and Kashmiri-6 (95.58%), respectively. In Poplar bark and wood per cent was observed as 7.10% and 92.90%, respectively. The maximum moisture content of 108.00% was found in clone Salix babylonica, specific gravity of 0.6120 in clone V-99 and fibre length of 1.14 mm in clone NZ-1002. The values for moisture content, specific gravity and fibre length recorded for poplar was 91.45%, 0.5570 and 1.28 mm, respectively. Among mechanical properties of wood of willow clones, significant variation was observed for all the studied parameters. The maximum tensile strength was recorded in clone J-795(0.073 kN/mm 2 ) and maximum bending strength (0.006 kN/mm 2 ) was noticed in clones SE-63-016 and V-99. The tensile and bending strength recorded in Teak wood samples was 0.089 kN/mm 2 and 0.031 kN/mm 2 . The maximum compressive strength parallel to grain (0.044 kN/mm 2 ) was observed in Salix babylonicaand maximum compressive strength perpendicular to grain (0.007 kN/mm 2 ) was found in clone MB-368. The compressive strength parallel to grain and perpendicular to grain was observed as 0.074 kN/mm 2 and 0.019 kN/mm 2 , respectively in standard Teak wood samples. The maximum modulus of elasticity parallel to grain (2888.89 kN/mm 2 ) was recorded in clone PN-227 and maximum modulus of elasticity perpendicular to grain (800.00 kN/mm 2 ) was noticed in clone J-795.in standard Teak wood samples values for modulus of elasticity parallel and perpendicular to grain was 8097.22 kN/mm 2 and 1475 kN/mm 2 , respectively. All the mechanical properties of Willow clones were compared with Standard Teak wood samples and found that the wood samples of Teak are superior to all the Willow clones.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL PRACTICES OF Lepidium sativum L.(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) ODYUO, ELITHUNG; SOOD, MEENUABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on development of cultural practices of Lepidium satium L” were carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2012-13 and 2013-14. The effect of methods of sowing and sowing time, thinning stage, FYM doses and nitrogen levels (split doses) on growth and yield of L. sativum was studied and further cost of cultivation of this plant was also calculated. The results revealed that the seed sown in line (30 x 10 cm) on last fortnight of October month and thinning at 30 DAS gave the maximum seed yield/ha (10.99 q) and the herb yield/ha (72.59 q). Among different doses of FYM, nitrogen levels and nitrogen split dose, the combination of FYM @ 10 t/ha + Nitrogen @ 60 kg/ha (1/3 at sowing + 1/3 at 25 DAS + 1/3 AT 45 DAS) registered the maximum value for all the growth and yield parameters. Maximum cost of production (Rs. 1,21,830.00) was obtained in this combination with benefit cost ratio (2.82: 1). Maximum benefit: cost ratio (2.99: 1) was obtained in the combination of FYM @ 5 t/ha + Nitrogen @ 60 kg/ha (in 3 equal split dose) with the cost of production (Rs. 1,02,030.70).ThesisItem Open Access MORPHO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF MARKET SAMPLES OF DRUG KUTKI (Picrorhiza kurroaRoyle exBenth.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) THANI, PARBAT RAJ; SHARMA, YASH PALABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Morpho-chemical studies of market samples of drug Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroaRoyle exBenth.)” was carried out in the department of forest products, Dr. Y. S. Parmar university of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (India) during 2012-2014. Market samples of drug “Kutki” were procured from different markets of India. The samples were evaluated for organoleptic and histological characteristic, chemical profile through TLC and HPLC analysis. Out of 35 samples, 34 samples were genuine having all the characteristics resembling to drug “Kutki” (Picrorhiza kurroa) and one sample was spurious. TLC profile of genuine samples showed characteristic spots of picroside-I and picroside-II at Rf 0.56 and R f 0.44 respectively. The picriside-I and picroside-II content in genuine samples ranged from 0.399 per cent to 7.383 per cent and 0.517 per cent to 7.666 per cent respectively. Picroside-I and picroside-II were absent in spurious sample. Four different extraction methods viz. soxhlet, extraction by refluxing, microwave assisted extraction and sonication assisted extraction were tested for extraction of picroside-I and picroside-II from the rhizome of Picrorhiza kurroa. Sonication assisted extraction for 36 minutes with methanol as solvent yielded 44.269 per cent extract with 6.825 per centpicroside-I and 5.291 per cent picroside-II content, which was better in comparison to other methods in terms of time consumption and yield. Impact of storage condition and duration on picroside-I and picroside-II content in “Kutki” was also studied. The study showed that the content of picroside-I and picroside-II decreased with the increase in storage duration irrespective of storage condition. However the loss in picroside-I and picroside-II with storage was maximum when “Kutki” samples were stored under humid condition (85 % humidity, 25 o C) and minimum loss was observed when samples were stored at low temperature (4 o C-6 o C).ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF PINUS ROXBURGHII SARGENT POPULATIONS FOR WOOD CHARACTERISTICS(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) VINAY, KUMAR; SHARMA, K.R.ABSTRACT The study “Evaluation of Pinus roxburghii Sargent populations for wood characteristics”, was carried out in the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2014-15. The results revealed that maximum moisture content (18.32 %) and longest tracheid length (6.34 mm), cold water soluble extractives the highest value of 7.52 per cent was recorded in Ghanahatti population. The highest specific gravity of 0.6127 was recorded in control (Teak).. Maximum hot water soluble extractive of wood 9.47 per cent was recorded in Nihari. Maximum alcohol-benzene solubility of 14.15 per cent was also found in Ghanahatti. Whereas, maximum Klason-lignin content of 33.58 per cent, noticed in Nihari and maximum holocellulose 70.44 per cent was found in Sarahan population. The maximum tensile and bending strength was recorded in Chabbal (0.043 kN/mm2) and in Banethi (0.0089 kN/mm2) resepectively. In Teak, compressive strength of 0.057 kN/mm2 was observed, which was higher than Pinus roxburghii. Highest compressive strength perpendicular to grain was observed at site Nurpur (0.0180 kN/mm2). Out of 78 combinations of simple correlation coefficient, 18 combinations were found to be positives and significant, and 14 combinations were negative and significant. Specific gravity of wood revealed highly significant and negative correlation with moisture content (-0.930) and trachied length (-0.657). Lignin percentage of wood reflected highly significant and negative correlation with holocellulose percentage of wood (-0.796). Also, Cold water extractives had highly significant and positive correlation with hot water extractives (0.753), alcohol-benzene extractives (0.671) and tensile strength (0.907). Coefficient of variation was observed to be 98 per cent for tensile strength. R2 value for specific gravity when regressed with chemical parameters showed 98 per cent of variability. Very high heritability was recorded in tensile strength (80.31%) and moderate in alcohol-benzene extractives (78.00%), hot water soluble extractives (75.93%), holocellulose (74.71%) and tracheid length (66.84%). The phenotypic coefficient of variability was found to be slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variability in all parameters. Low genetic advance and high genetic gain was recorded in tensile strength of wood.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON WOOD CHARACTERISTICS USING Nerium oleander L. EXTRACT AS A WOOD BIOPRESERVATIVE(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) CHANDEL, AKSHU; DUTT, BHUPENDERABSTRACT The present research entitled “Studies on wood characteristics using Nerium oleander L. extract as a wood biopreservative” was carried out during 2014-2015 & 2015-2016 in the Department of Forest Products and in the Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Nauni) Solan (HP). Wood samples of Pinus roxburghii Sargent, Celtis australis L. and Bombax ceiba L. of the sizes 5 cm x 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm + .25 cm x .15 cm x .15 cm (longitudinally x radially x tangentially) were prepared. These wood specimens were dipped in Nerium oleander L. leaf extract solution for 72 hours in different concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 per cent (w/v). These were analyzed for variation of specific gravity, per cent weight gain of treated and untreated wood on dry weight basis (swelling), per cent weight gain of treated and untreated wood on wet weight basis (shrinkage), per cent oven dry weight gain before and after treatment, volumetric swelling coefficient, volumetric shrinkage coefficient, swelling and shrinkage of wood in three different planes, Chromium absorption (%), Chromium leaching (%), Chromium retention (%), per cent fungus growth and per cent fungal inhibition. The maximum value (0.569) for specific gravity was recorded in Celtis australis L. and minimum (0.428) in Bombax ceiba L. showing significant difference. Swelling and shrinkage of wood were recorded maximum in Pinus roxburghii Sargent in longitudinal plane, radial and tangential plane. The minimum swelling was recorded in Bombax ceiba L. in longitudinal, radial and tangential plane, while minimum shrinkage was observed for Bombax ceiba L. in longitudinal plane and Celtis australis L. in radial and tangential plane. Maximum volumetric swelling (12.21%) and shrinkage (8.45%) coefficient was recorded in Pinus roxburghii Sargent and minimum volumetric swelling coefficient (8.87%) in Bombax ceiba L. while minimum volumetric shrinkage coefficient (6.98%) in Celtis australis L. The maximum per cent variation of treated and untreated wood on dry and wet weight basis were recorded in Bombax ceiba L. and minimum in Celtis australis L. Maximum value for Chromium absorption (%), leaching (%) and retention (%) were found at 10% chromic acid concentration and minimum at 5% concentration. The maximum fungus colonization (100%) was recorded in control for all the species. The minimum fungus colonization 16.66% was recorded in Pinus roxburghii Sargent at 2.00% concentration and highest fungus growth inhibition 83.34 % was recorded at the same concentration for Pinus roxburghii SargentThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND YIELD ASSESSMENT OF Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench UNDER MID HILL CONDITIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) CHAUHAN, ARTI; RAINA, RAVINDERABSTRACT The present investigation entitled: “Studies on reproductive biology and yield assessment of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench under midhill conditions” was carried out at the experimental farm of Department of Forest Products, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, during the years 2015 and 2016. In the first experiment “Morphological studies” revealed the plants to perennial herb producing ovate to ovate lanceolate leaves and flowering shoots bearing capitula. Capitula were with neutral rays and bisexual disc florets. Roots were fibrous and mostly rhizomatous. In the second experiment “Phenological studies” revealed flowering duration during March to September with peak in June-July. After final seed setting, the plants undergo senescence becoming underground throughout the winter season. In the third experiment “Pollination studies” revealed the species to be allogamous with complete failure of autogamy. In the fourth experiment “Meiotic studies” revealed the species to be depend with 2n=22 chromosome with normal meiosis. In the fifth experiment “Effect of plant density and fertilizer doses on growth and yield” revealed maximum plant height, aerial biomass, number of floral heads and root biomass in twelve months after transplantation and best combination S3F1 with 15.00 g of dry root yield per plant.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL PRACTICES OF Tagetes minuta L.(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) ALAWE, RAVI; SOOD, MEENUABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on the development of cultural practices of Tagetes minuta L.” were carried out in the experimental farm as well as in the laboratory of the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Nauni) Solan (HP) during 2014-2015 & 2015-2016. The studies were undertaken with the objectives (a) Development of cultural practices of T. minuta (b) estimation of cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio of this plant. The effect of sowing methods and planting densities, methods of planting and pinching and integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of T. minuta were studied and further cost of cultivation was also calculated. The results revealed that seedling planting at 30 x 45 cm spacing and pinching at 45 DAT gave maximum leaf biomass/ha (63.72 q) at pre flowering stage and flower biomass/ha (52.33 q) at full bloom stage, respectively. Among different sources of nutrients Vermicompost (2/ha) with NPK (120:60:30) registered the maximum value for all the growth and yield parameters. Maximum cost of production (Rs. 1,27,975.50) was obtained in this combination with benefit cost ratio (1.54:1) but maximum benefit cost ratio (3.21:1) was obtained in NPK (120:60:30) with cost of production (Rs. 52,975.50).