Loading...
Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
Browse
7 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LAND USES ON WATER QUALITY OF DHARMPUR BLOCK OF SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2012) GUPTA, KAVITA; VERMA, SUBHASH CHANDERABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Effect of different land uses on water quality of Dharampur block of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2011-2012 in Dharampur block of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh under different land uses ( agriculture, forest and urban/ suburban) during different seasons (rainy, winter and summer) at four locations. The water samples were collected from surface as well as underground water from agriculture, forest and urban / suburban land uses where as aquatic insects were collected from surface water under these land uses. The overall mean value of pH, EC, Temperature, TDS, BOD, COD, Ca, Mg, Cl, NO3 in surface and underground water under different land uses during different seasons were 7.61, 0.40 dS/m, 21.68 0C, 277.73mg/l, 3.61mg/l , 17.01 mg/l , 81.99 mg/l , 8.04 mg/l , 1.64 mg/l , 28.36 mg/l and 7.75, 0.59 dS/m, 20.70 0C, 388.41 mg/l , 1.98 mg/l , 10.94 mg/l , 100.35 mg/l , 12.36 mg/l , 3.10 mg/l , 18.67 mg/l , respectively. The contents of calcium under surface (81.99 mg/l) as well as underground water (100.35 mg/l) were above permissible limit (>75 mg/l). The colour of surface and underground water under different land uses during different seasons varied from colourless to blackish and colourless to light brown, respectively. The odour of both water sources (surface and underground water) under different land uses during different seasons varied between odourless to septic. The overall mean value of Fe, Mn, Zn in surface and underground water under different land uses during different seasons were 3.67 ppb, 1.44 ppb, 0.38 ppt and 7.61 ppb, 2.11ppb, 0.53 ppt, respectively. The maximum water quality index (WQI) of surface water (21.10) and underground water (15.93) was registered under urban land use and minimum under forest land use. The maximum WQI (31.32) was recorded at Barotiwala and minimum (9.52 ) at Chandi – Goyla. The Simpson’s Diversity index (D) and EPT index of Dharampur block ranged from 0.88 to 0.91 and 27.33 to 43.67, respectively. Both indices (Simpson’s Diversity index and EPT) were highest at Chandi- Goyla and minimum at Barotibala. The FBI ( Family biotic index) of aquatic insects of Dharampur block ranged from 2.31 to 2.73. Overall water quality of Dharampur block was good to excellent category.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF CERTAIN PLANTS GROWN ALONGSIDE PARWANOO- SOLAN NATIONAL HIGHWAY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2012) KALER, NAVJOT SINGH; BHARDWAJ, S.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Assessment of air pollution tolerance index of certain plants grown alongside Parwanoo-Solan National Highway of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2011-2012 on Parwanoo to Solan National Highway falling in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. The Four species namely Grewia optiva, Toona ciliata, Melia azedarach and Woodfordia floribunda of uniform size, age, spread and common in occurrence on both sides of the highway were selected for the study. Dust accumulation and biochemical parameters (pH of leaf extract, relative water content, ascorbic acid content and chlorophyll content) of leaves of selected plants was estimated during three main seasons (Rainy, Winter and Summer) of the year. Air pollution tolerance Index (APTI) of selected species was worked out. The heavy metal concentration on deposited dust was also determined. Samples were collected from two horizontal distances (0-5 m and 5-10 m) on the both sides of road during study. In total there were 24 treatment combinations which were replicated six times in Randomised Block Design (Factorial). The dust accumulation on the leaves ranged from 0.0083 g m-2 in T. ciliata to 0.0597 g m-2 in G. optiva which followed the order of G. optiva > W. floribunda > M. azedarach > T. ciliata. Irrespective of species, season wise trend of species was winter > summer > rainy season. Plants grown at a distance of 0-5 m accumulated higher dust on their leaves as compared to 5-10 m distance from the road. The highest pH was recorded in M. azedarach (7.66) and lowest in W. floribunda (5.85) and the pH was maximum in rainy followed by winter and summer season. Leaf relative water content was maximum in M. azedarach (59.34 %) and minimum in T. ciliata (49.76 %) and season wise, it was highest in rainy followed by winter and summer season. The highest ascorbic acid content was recorded in M. azedarach (8.40 mg g-1) and lowest in T. ciliata (2.13 mg g-1). Ascorbic acid content was recorded maximum in winter followed by summer and rainy seasons. Highest chlorophyll content was found in M. azedarach (7.18 mg g-1) and lowest in T. ciliata (2.18 mg g-1) and was recorded highest in rainy followed by winter and summer season. The APTI was found maximum in M. azedarach (18.37) and minimum in T. ciliata (6.82). The APTI also varied with seasons of the year. The highest APTI was noticed in rainy followed by winter and summer season. The trend of APTI recorded for various species was M. azedarch > G. optiva > W. floribunda > T. ciliata. The present study indicated M. azedarach as most tolerant and T. ciliata as most sensitive species to air pollution. The dust accumulated on leaves had heavy metals, Cu (29.14 mg kg-1) and Zn (1219.91 mg kg-1) above permissible limit of the soilThesisItem Open Access APPRAISAL OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES INFLUENCE ON THE STATUS OF REWALSAR LAKE IN DISTRICT MANDI OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2012) KASHYAP, RACHIT RAGHAVA; VERMA, K.S.ABSTRACT Appraisal of anthropogenic activities influence on the status of Rewalsar lake in district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh was conducted during the year 2011-12. The objectives were: inventorization, spatial distribution, use pattern of biophysical resources in catchment, bathymetric analysis of lake and characterization of Rewalsar lake to explore restoration and management options. Lake has three main water reservoirs namely Kuntbhyog, Kalasar, Sukhsar on top hill covers 175 hectare catchment area. Three catchment villages and Rewalsar urban area were surveyed to enlist the dominant biophysical resources especially the landuse systems, hydrological system components. For water sampling, each lake including Rewalsar Lake was divided into two transects from north to south as well as east to west direction. Thus from four sampling zones in each lake three water samples were collected. Considering Rewalsar town as a central point, five land uses viz. forest, agriculture, horticulture, grassland and scrubland were selected each in north, north-east and north-west. Five soil samples were collected from each landuse. Landuse systems prevalent in the Rewalsar catchment were: cultivated lands, uncultivated lands, demarcated forests, un-demarcated forests, grasslands, orchards / horticulture lands, barren lands, scrub lands, government grazing lands. The total human habitations in catchment were 955. Males were relatively higher in number as compared to female population. Total 988 domestic animals were found in study area. Water resources existed in Rewalsar catchment were: hand pumps, tube wells, pucca wells, kacha wells, bawaries, small ponds, lakes, khuls, rills and gullies etc. Wheat occupied 57.89 per cent area in irrigated conditions and 56.99 per cent area in un-irrigated conditions during rabi season in catchment. Rice occupied 42.02 per cent of total cropped area under irrigated conditions during kharif season followed by vegetables and pulses. Maize was cultivated on 50.83 per cent of total cropped area under un-irrigated conditions during kharif season. Soil of area was neutral in reaction. Organic carbon in forests, agricultural lands was in medium to high range, magnesium and sulphur was critically deficient. N, P, K and calcium were in medium to high range in landuses. Water quality of each catchment lake was overall contamination free and can serves as a suitable habitat for aquatic plants and animals. But Rewalsar lake water quality was highly deteriorated. It reflected that anthropogenic activities linked with physico-chemical characteristics of land uses and water quality of lake. Seepage of sewage, waste water and agricultural runoff were main reason of pollution in Rewalsar lake. Visitors should be encouraged so that they stop over feeding of fishes. Public awareness regarding holy lake should be encouraged to revive its life. Data obtained in this study can be used as a baseline & reference point when assessing further anthropogenic changes in this lake.ThesisItem Open Access APPRAISAL OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES INFLUENCE ON THE STATUS OF REWALSAR LAKE IN DISTRICT MANDI OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2012) KASHYAP, RACHIT RAGHAVA; VERMA, K.S.ABSTRACT Appraisal of anthropogenic activities influence on the status of Rewalsar lake in district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh was conducted during the year 2011-12. The objectives were: inventorization, spatial distribution, use pattern of biophysical resources in catchment, bathymetric analysis of lake and characterization of Rewalsar lake to explore restoration and management options. Lake has three main water reservoirs namely Kuntbhyog, Kalasar, Sukhsar on top hill covers 175 hectare catchment area. Three catchment villages and Rewalsar urban area were surveyed to enlist the dominant biophysical resources especially the landuse systems, hydrological system components. For water sampling, each lake including Rewalsar Lake was divided into two transects from north to south as well as east to west direction. Thus from four sampling zones in each lake three water samples were collected. Considering Rewalsar town as a central point, five land uses viz. forest, agriculture, horticulture, grassland and scrubland were selected each in north, north-east and north-west. Five soil samples were collected from each landuse. Landuse systems prevalent in the Rewalsar catchment were: cultivated lands, uncultivated lands, demarcated forests, un-demarcated forests, grasslands, orchards / horticulture lands, barren lands, scrub lands, government grazing lands. The total human habitations in catchment were 955. Males were relatively higher in number as compared to female population. Total 988 domestic animals were found in study area. Water resources existed in Rewalsar catchment were: hand pumps, tube wells, pucca wells, kacha wells, bawaries, small ponds, lakes, khuls, rills and gullies etc. Wheat occupied 57.89 per cent area in irrigated conditions and 56.99 per cent area in un-irrigated conditions during rabi season in catchment. Rice occupied 42.02 per cent of total cropped area under irrigated conditions during kharif season followed by vegetables and pulses. Maize was cultivated on 50.83 per cent of total cropped area under un-irrigated conditions during kharif season. Soil of area was neutral in reaction. Organic carbon in forests, agricultural lands was in medium to high range, magnesium and sulphur was critically deficient. N, P, K and calcium were in medium to high range in landuses. Water quality of each catchment lake was overall contamination free and can serves as a suitable habitat for aquatic plants and animals. But Rewalsar lake water quality was highly deteriorated. It reflected that anthropogenic activities linked with physico-chemical characteristics of land uses and water quality of lake. Seepage of sewage, waste water and agricultural runoff were main reason of pollution in Rewalsar lake. Visitors should be encouraged so that they stop over feeding of fishes. Public awareness regarding holy lake should be encouraged to revive its life. Data obtained in this study can be used as a baseline & reference point when assessing further anthropogenic changes in this lake.ThesisItem Open Access ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES ON THE STATUS OF PONG WETLAND IN DISTRICT KANGRA OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2012) LORIA, NANCY; VERMA, K.S.ABSTRACT Studies on Environmental Impact Studies on the status of Pong Dam Wetland in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh were conducted during the year 2011-12 in the vicinity of Pong reservoir with the objectives to study the spatial distribution of bio-physical resources in the catchment of Pong wetland and to study the effect of resource use on the spatial patterns of soil and water quality of wetland. The site selected for the present study was Pong catchment area upto 20Km distance of tributaries in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. Four tributaries viz. Buhal, Dehar, Gaj and Baner were selected in the reservoir vicinity. Each tributary and its catchment was divided into four locations/distances of 5Km each. Location which does not form the catchment of Pong was avoided. Under each location of tributaries catchment, three land uses were selected viz. agriculture, pasture and the forest for study. Various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in catchment soils and water of different tributaries. The results of study revealed that the area under current study was 931Km2. Physico-chemical analysis of catchment soils showed that Electrical Conductivity, Phosphorus and soil erodibility i.e. RDI value was found maximum under Agricultural land use with their mean values of 0.098 dS/m, 14.25 Kg/ha and 0.68×10-2, respectively ; Nitrogen and Potassium content was found maximum under pasture/grassland land use with their mean values of 233.5 Kg/ha and 344.04 Kg/ha, respectively ; and pH, organic carbon, calcium and magnesium content was found maximum under forest land use with their mean values of 6.63 , 0.6% , 1914 Kg/ha and 310.3 mg/Kg, respectively. Heavy metal like Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd concentration in the lake silt was within permissible limits. Physico-chemical attributes of water viz. colour, pH, temperature, transparency, EC, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total solids, alkalinity, acidity, BOD, COD, potassium, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, iron, sodium, chlorides and sulfates except DO and phosphates at different locations of tributaries were found within the limits prescribed for irrigation and drinking, no excessive concentration of any parameters was recorded during study period. The results of Bathymetric analysis revealed that lake was sedimented upto the level of 6 meters since 1975.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LAND USES ON WATER QUALITY OF KANDAGHAT BLOCK OF SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2012) CHAUHAN, AAKRITI; VERMA, SUBHASH CHANDERABSTRACT The present investigations entitled Effect of different land uses on water quality of Kandaghat block of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh was conducted during 2011-2012 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Water samples were collected from surface as well as ground water under different land uses (agriculture, forest and urban) during different seasons (rainy, winter and summer) from Kandaghat block whereas aquatic insects were collected from surface water. The maximum pH (7.69), EC (266.39 μS/cm), TDS (297.70 mg/l), Ca (66.08 mg/l), Temperature (19.25oC), BOD (1.45 mg/l) and COD (18.33 mg/l ) of surface water was recorded under urban land use, whereas Mg (12.90 mg/l), Cl (3.05 mg/l) and NO3 (4.19 mg/l) were maximum under agriculture land use. Maximum pH (7.79), Temperature (22.58oC), BOD (1.71 mg/l), COD (17.41 mg/l), Ca (64.61mg/l), Mg (13.87 mg/l) and Cl (3.39 mg/l) was recorded during summer season, whereas EC (264.75 μS/cm), TDS (297.58 mg/l) and NO3 (3.91 mg/l) were maximum during rainy season. Similarly, maximum pH (7.58), EC (264.74 μS/cm), Temperature (17.33oC), TDS (296.56 mg/l), BOD (0.75 mg/l), COD (11.11mg/l), Ca (64.51 mg/l) and Mg (11.69 mg/l) of ground water was recorded under urban land use whereas Cl (3.19 mg/l) and NO3 (3.50 mg/l) were maximum under agriculture land use. Maximum pH (7.64), Temperature (17.42oC), BOD (0.69 mg/l), COD (11.08 mg/l), Ca (64.61 mg/l), Mg (11.64 mg/l) and Cl (4.06 mg/l) of ground water was recorded during summer season, whereas EC (261.06 μS/cm), TDS (290.28 mg/l) and NO3 (3.37 mg/l) were maximum during rainy season. The colour of surface as well as underground water varied from colourless to light brown and colourless to light yellow, respectively. The odour of surface water varied between odourless to septic whereas ground water was odour free. The maximum As (0.39 ppb), Cd (0.07 ppb), Pb (0.66 ppb), Fe (0.03 ppb) and Zn (0.09 ppb) of surface water was recorded under urban land use. Maximum As (0.25 ppb), Cd (0.06 ppb), Pb (0.59 ppb) and Fe (0.03 ppb) of surface water was recorded during summer season whereas Zn (0.06 ppb) was recorded during rainy season. In ground water, maximum Cd (0.06 ppb), Pb (0.02 ppb) and Fe (0.03 ppb) was recorded under urban land use, whereas As (0.15 ppb), Pb (0.02 ppb) and Zn (0.15 ppb) was recorded under agriculture land use. Maximum Cd (0.06 ppb) and Fe (0.03 ppb) of ground water was recorded during summer season, whereas As (0.06 ppb), Pb (0.02 ppb) and Zn (0.15 ppb) were maximum during rainy season. Water quality index of surface water was minimum (19.89) under forest land use and maximum under urban land use (25.12). Maximum water quality index (27.62) was recorded during summer season and minimum (18.77) during winter season. The water quality index of ground water was minimum under forest land use (9.90) and maximum under urban land use (14.71). Overall EPT biotic index was 3.55. EPT index ranged from 40 to 61 under different land uses and 18 to 106 during different seasons. Overall Family biotic index of surface water was 3.07. Simpson’s biodiversity index ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 under different land uses and 0.00 to 0.02 during different seasons. The water quality of Kandaghat block was rated as good to excellent.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different land uses on water quality of Solan block of district Solan (H P)”(2012) RANA, ANCHAL; BHARDWAJ, SATISH KUMARABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “ Effect of different land uses on water quality of Solan block of district Solan (HP)” was conducted during 2011-2012 in Solan block of district Solan of Himachal Pradesh by taking dominant land use systems namely; agriculture, forest and urban/suburban as well as three seasons of the year viz. rainy, winter and summer. The water samples of surface and ground water sources were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters like colour, odour, temperature, pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3 - Fe, Zn,Cd, Ar and Pb. Water quality index on the basis of analysed physical and chemical parameters was calculated. The insect biodiversity of surface water was also determined. The pH of surface and ground water sources on an average ranged from 6.01 to 8.39. The highest value of pH (8.39) was found in ground water during summer season under urban/suburban landuse system. EC of both the sources ranged from 424 to 659 μS/cm. The maximum value of EC (659 μS/cm) was found in ground water during rainy season under agriculture landuse. The TDS ranged from 46 to 293 mg/l for both sources. The BOD for both the sources ranged from 0.35 to 3.43 mg/l. Under agriculture landuse system surface water was found with the maximum BOD of 3.43 mg/l during rainy season. The maximum COD value of 7.75 mg/l was in ground water under urban/suburban landuse in summer season. Surface water contained the maximum calcium content of 56.5 mg/l under agriculture land use system during rainy season. The maximum magnesium (29.9 mg/l) was found in surface water under agriculture landuse in rainy season. The ground water under agriculture landuse system contained maximum nitrate (40.25 mg/l) during rainy season. The highest value of Cl- (176.75 mg/l) was in ground water under agriculture landuse during summer. The surface water sources contained Fe in the range of 0.37 to 1.68 mg/l and ground water contained from 1.65 to 2.83 mg/l. The groundwater contained the maximum content of Fe (3.58mg/l) under forest land use during winter. The highest value of Zn (1.51 mg/l) was observed in ground water under agriculture landuse during rainy season. The surface water under urban/suburban landuse system contained maximum Cd (0.34mg/l) during summer. The water quality of surface and ground water sources of Solan block was rated as very good in case of forest and urban/suburban and good for agriculture land use. Whereas, season wise both the sources were rated in very good quality. The aquatic biodiversity distribution varied from excellent for forest and agriculture landuse to good for urban/suburban landuse system.