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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Subject: Environmental Science × Author: CHAUHAN, AAKRITI × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF INTENSIVE FARMING ON NATURAL RESOURCES IN SHIMLA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (2016) CHAUHAN, AAKRITI; VERMA, SUBHASH CHANDER
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Impact of Intensive Farming on Natural Resources in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the years 2014 and 2015 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The study aimed at determining the impact of cropping systems on natural resources. In order to assess their impact on soil and surface water quality during winter, summer and rainy season, four cropping systems viz. vegetable, fruit + vegetable, fruit and cereal were selected and uncultivated land was taken as the control. In total there were five treatments which were replicated six times under randomized block design. In Shimla district physico-chemical and biological parameters of surface soil i.e. pH (7.02), bacterial count (80.08 x 104 cfu/g soil), actinomycetes (36.42 x 104 cfu/g soil) were high under uncultivated land whereas EC (0.40 ds/m), OC (2.92 %), available nitrogen (582.50 kg/ha), available potassium (627.80 kg/ha), fungal count (10.42 x 103 cfu/g soil), microbial biomass (455.83 mg/kg), arsenic (5.42 mg/kg), cadmium (0.74 mg/kg), chromium (4.86 mg/kg), nickel (6.25 mg/kg and zinc (39.27 mg/kg) was highest under fruit based cropping system whereas bulk density (1.28 mg/m3) was highest under vegetable based cropping system and available phosphorus (70.08 kg/ha) and lead ( 7.92 mg/kg) was high under fruit + vegetable based cropping system. Cadmium in surface soils were above permissible limit.The soil health index was lowest (50) under vegetable based cropping system and highest (80) under uncultivated land. Physico-chemical properties of surface water such as pH (7.52), EC (0.49 ds/m), TDS (320.43 mg/l), turbidity (2.83 NTU), magnesium (11.01 mg/l), nitrate (11.92 mg/l), cadmium (0.81 ppb), lead (35.00 ppb) and zinc (123.67 ppb) was high under fruit based cropping system whereas temperature (18.01 oC), BOD (1.48 mg/l) and calcium (57.23 mg/l) was high under vegetable based cropping system and COD (27.08 mg/l), chloride (23.36 mg/l), arsenic (5.98 ppb), chromium (39.47 ppb) and nickel (0.36ppb) was high under fruit + vegetable based cropping system. DO was highest (8.07 mg/l) under uncultivated land in surface water. Seasonally, pH (7.75), EC (0.40 ds/m), TDS (264.72 mg/l), temperature (23.33oC), calcium (67.89 mg/l), magnesium (11.47 mg/l), nitrate (11.00 mg/l), chloride (26.79 mg/l), chromium (34.32 ppb), nickel (0.34 ppb) and zinc (79.03 ppb) was high during summer season whereas turbidity (3.22 NTU), BOD (1.60 mg/l) COD (27.49 mg/l), arsenic (6.21 ppb), cadmium (0.75 mg/l) and lead (26.32 ppb) was high during rainy season and DO (8.42 mg/l) was high during winter season. The lead content recorded under vegetable, fruit, fruit + vegetable based cropping systems and during all the seasons were above permissible limits. Water quality index was good for all the cropping systems during all the seasons. Distribution and abundance of aquatic insects were recorded highest under uncultivated. The bioaccumulation of arsenic (5.16 µg/g) was highest by Plecoptera, cadmium (0.62 µg/g), lead (0.88 µg/g) and zinc (31.72 µg/g) by Trichoptera, chromium (6.69 µg/g) by Ephemeroptera. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc content in aquatic insects ranged from 3.89 to 5.02 µg/g, 0.25 to 0.58, 3.67 to 6.80 µg/g, 0.35 to 1.03 µg/g, 11.65 to 29.91 µg/g in Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, respectively under different cropping systems. Heavy metals in megaloptera and Odonata was in the range of 0.002 to 0.417 µg/g and 0.02 to 1.09 µg/g, respectively under uncultivated land. Nickle content in aquatic insects was below detectable limits in most of the cropping systems. EPT, EPT biotic and family biotic indices indicated that surface water quality was good and Simpson’s Biodiversity index was maximum under uncultivated land during winter and summer seasons. Thus, intensive farming practices have shown variable impacts on soil health and surface water quality in Shimla district of Himachal Prades