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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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20164
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Subject: Environmantal Science × Start date: 1994 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON HEAVY METAL TOXICITY AND BIOREMEDIATION THROUGH FUNGI
    (2016) SHARMA, KOMAL; THAKUR, MEENA
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on heavy metal toxicity and bioremediation through fungi” was carried under laboratory conditions in the Department of Environmental Science of College of Forestry, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during 2015 - 2016. The study comprised of 4 fungal strains viz. Aspergillus niger, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma harzianum which were tested for their toxicity and bioremediation for two heavy metals viz. cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). The cultures of fungi were maintained under laboratory conditions in B.O.D at 25 ◦ C. The effect of graded doses of cadmium and mercury on various fungal parameters viz. radial growth, per cent growth inhibition, mycelium dry weight, spore germination percentage and uptake by fungal mycelia was studied. The whole set of experiment was laid in three replications in CRD. At 10 ppm concentration maximum radial growth was recorded for T.harzianum i.e 0.489 mm/h for cadmium and 0.484 mm/h for mercury. The mean radial growth decreased with increase in cadmium and mercury concentrations as compared to their respective controls. The dry weight of T. harzianum was significantly higher than other fungi i.e. 310 mg and 283.33 mg for cadmium and mercury respectively at 10 ppm concentration. At 10 ppm concentration M . anisopliea and B. bassiana showed maximum percent growth inhibition of 74.86 per cent and 71.71 per cent for cadmium and mercury, respectively. Spore germination percentage for all the fungi under two different doses (1 X 105spores/ml and 1 X 106spores/ml) was recorded against both the heavy metals. In all the fungi decreasing trend was observed i.e the per cent spore germination decreased with increase in the concentration of cadmium and mercury. The spore germination percentage in the presence of cadmium and mercury was in the order T. harzianum > A. niger > B .bassiana > M. anisopliae. Maximum cadmium uptake was recorded for T.harzianum (0.37 mg/g) followed by B. bassiana (0.20 mg/g) and maximum mercury uptake was recorded for M. anisopliae (0.20 mg/g) followed by T. harzianum and A. niger (0.13 mg/g). The order of fungi with respect to cadmium (Cd) uptake was T. harzianum > B. bassiana = M. anisopliae > A. niger and with respect to uptake of mercury (Hg) was M. anisopliae > A. niger > B. bassiana = T. harzianum. From the study it can be concluded that though the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae had low radial growth, high growth inhibition and low spore germination at 10ppm but it had maximum mercury uptake among all the fungi and could be used for remediation of low levels of mercury (<10ppm). Whereas, the antagonistic fungus T. harzianum had maximum radial growth, lowest growth inhibition and highest spore germination and maximum uptake of Cadmium (Cd).The present study widens the scope for studying the effect of higher concentration of heavy metals in future to confirm the bioremediation ability of these fungal species.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF WOOD BURNING MUD COOKSTOVE IN MANDI DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (2016) YASH, PAL; AGGRAWAL, R.K.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on indoor air pollution and thermal efficiency of wood burning mud cookstove in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Drang block of Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh during the year 2015-16 with the aim to study the thermal efficiency of wood burning mud cookstove and indoor air pollution. The study area was divided into three altitudinal zones i.e. lower zone (<1000 meter), middle zone (1000-1500 meter) and higher zone (1500-2000 meter) to analyze the impact of altitude on efficiency of wood burning mud cookstove and indoor air pollution. In each altitudinal zone four villages were selected cluster wise. In each village two households were selected one from APL and one from BPL family randomly. The households were classified on the basis of three categories viz. APL and BPL, land holding and family size. Water boiling test was carried out to calculate the thermal efficiency and power output of wood burning mud cookstoves. The average thermal efficiency was found to be 8.02 per cent and power output was 0.43 kW. The calorific value of the preferred oven dried fuelwood species in study area ranged between 4282.523 kcal per kg for Populus deltoids to 5623.96 kcal per kg for Quercus leucotrichophora. The results indicated that the daily fuelwood consumption increased with increase in altitude from 20.00 Kg at lower altitude to 28.50 Kg at middle altitude and to 30.00 Kg at higher altitude. The distance travelled and time taken to collect fuelwood showed a decreasing trend with increase in altitude. Agro waste consumption also showed an increasing trend with increase in altitude. The average annual fuelwood consumption was 9550.83 kg per household in the study area and estimated annual fuelwood consumption by all the households in Drang block was approximately 0.17 million tonnes. The per capita fuelwood consumption was 4.57 Kg per day. The study revealed that the emission of particulate matter (PM10) and volatile organic compounds increased with increase in altitude from 31.91 µg per m3 and 252 ppb at lower altitude to 80.22 µg per m3 and 5.81 ppb at middle altitude to 92.63 µg per m3 and 8.71 ppb at higher altitude, respectively. The emission of these pollutants was more in BPL families than APL families. The emission of carbon dioxide was increased with the increase in altitude. The pollutants and carbon dioxide emitted during cooking were within permissible limits. The ill health impacts of indoor air pollution were observed in terms of occurrence of cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, generalized weakness, migraine, cancer, paralysis and tuberculosis among the respondents. The reproductive health of the females indicated that about 77 per cent of the females had irregular menstrual history and 8 per cent gave the history of having suffered from hypertension during their respective pregnancy. A case, each of infertility and abortion was also reported.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON RELATIONSHIP OF GROWTH STAGES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) WITH WEATHER PARAMETERS IN MID HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (2016) VERMA, GARIMA; BAWEJA, PARMINDER KAUR
    ABSTRACT A field experiment was carried out during kharif season of 2015 to study the relationship of growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) with weather parameters in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consist of three dates of sowing viz., 10-06-2015,20-06-2015 and 30-06-2015 with two cultivars Vyas and HP 333 under irrigated and rain fed conditions, in the Experimental Farm under the department of Environmental Science, College of Forestry, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Results indicated that the early sown maize cultivar HP-333 recorded high grain yield of 25.7 qha-1 by taking 138 days to mature under irrigated conditions. The delay in planting gradually decreased the yield by 8.8qha-1 due to shortened length of crop season by 34 days. The correlation coefficient among phenological stages and weather elements revealed that soil temperature at 5 cm depth reported high significance (r = 0.986). At grain development stage, relative humidity (0.874) dominated over sunshine hours (0.684).Various thermal indices including growing degree days (GDD), heliothermal units (HTU), heat use efficiency (HUE)and photothermal index for maize were calculated using standard methods .The accumulated GDD (1867.47 oC day) required to attain physiological maturity was significantly higher under early sown maize cultivar HP-333 as compared to late sown Vyas cultivar. The accumulated HTU (23328.39 oC day hr.) calculated for early sown was higher than late sown varieties. Thus, HP-333 observed to be more efficient due to high heat use efficiency (HUE= 0.17g (oC day )-1) during early sown maize as compared to late sown (HUE= 0.04g(oC day )-1). Regression models were developed to predict the flag leaf stage, milking, physiological maturity and grain yield based on accumulated GDD and accumulated HTU. Accumulated GDD predicted the grain yield more accurately (R2= 0.91).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MICRO-CLIMATIC VARIATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN MID HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (2016) MEHTA, PURNIMA; BAWEJA, PARMINDER KAUR
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on Micro-climatic Variations and their impact on Forest Ecosystems in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out during winter and summer seasons of the year 2015-2016 under the Department of Environmental Science, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. A comparison of below forest canopy and open sites were carried out for abiotic and biotic factors under five forest ecosystems (chir pine forest, mixed forest, ban oak forest, agriculture field and bare area) and analysed the forest influence on seasonal weather during winter and summer seasons according to forest type, soil type, slope orientation, tree height and diameter at breast height. The interaction among forest ecosystems X seasons analysed highly significant microclimatic interactions among air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, albedo and wind speed. Highly significant decrease in ambient temperature ranged from (2.5-5.0 oC), soil temperature (1.5-3.6oC) solar radiation (13.2-47.4 Wm-2), albedo (0.15-0.21) and increase in relative humidity ranged from (718%) and soil moisture (8.0-15.2%) were analysed among below forest canopy and bare area. The results analysed that ban oak forest had a greater moderating effect during both the season as compared to chir pine and mixed forest. The wind speed is most impacted by topography and slope.The forest ecosystem wise soil organic carbon and available K status followed the order of ban oak forest > mixed forest >chir pine forest > agriculture field > bare area. However the status of available N and P followed the order of agriculture field > ban oak forest > mixed forest >chir pine forest > bare area. Although the bulk density was observed highest in bare area (1.41g cm-3) and lowest was reported under ban oak forest (1.27g cm-3). The total microbial count and microbial biomass followed the trend of ban oak forest > mixed forest >chir pine forest > agriculture field > bare area. Thus, concluded that natural regeneration process of native species may respond most suitable under ban oak forest canopy.