Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Open Access
Investigations on the pollinator fauna in selected eco-environmental conditions of Himachal Pradesh and promoting pollinator husbandry
(YSPU, 2012) Sharma, Rajesh; Gupta, J. K.
The present study on “Investigations on the pollinator fauna in selected ecoenvironmental conditions of Himachal Pradesh and promoting pollinator husbandry” were carried out in the Departement of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). During the course of investigations, an initiative has been taken up to use standard protocol of sweep net method, counter method and pan trap to record base line data which can be used in future for making comparison of pollinators diversity in space and time. The studies were conducted in 3 different eco-environmental conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Forty seven insect species from blooms of different plants and 26 species from pan traps were found at Solan. The activity of wild honey bees, A. dorsata and solitary/other wild bees was found low as compared to earlier studies conducted by different workers in the same area. It is concluded that to characterize local bee fauna, there is need to supplement pan trapping protocols with the netting. On apple at Kullu, 9 species belonging to 6 families and 3 orders were observed. Some effect of distance from natural forest area on pollinator visitation and fruit set was visualized at Kullu. There was no effect of scented sugar syrup on directing A. mellifera to apple bloom. Further studies are required to work out the number of flowers for making scented syrup more effective in attracting the bees. Fourteen species belonging to 7 families and 3 orders were observed on apple bloom at Tabo (Spiti valley). However, in pan traps 12 species belonging to 7 families and 3 orders were trapped. Higher fruit set was observed at Tabo during 2011 when A. mellifera colonies were kept by farmers for pollination. Nesting sites of different solitary bees viz. Halictus sp., Ceratina sp. and Megachile sp. were located from Solan, Kullu and Tabo, respectively.
Open Access
Screening Of Apis Mellifera L. Colonies For Varroa Tolerance And Evaluation Of Colony Performance Of Selected Stock
(Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry;Solan, 2010) Sharma, Ritesh; Gupta, J. K.
Open Access
Studies on incidence, pathogenicity, biology and biomanagement of insect pests associated woth cultivated mushrooms
(Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry;Solan, 2010) Sharma, Anurag; Khanna, Anju S
Open Access
Exploitation Of Aphelinid Endoparasitoids, Encarsia Sp. And Eretmocerus Sp. And Entomopathogenic Fungi For The Supperssion Of Greenhouse Whitefly
(Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry;Solan, 2010) Reecha; Chauhan, Usha
Open Access
Solid Phase Extraction And Cleanup Of Apple, Cabbage And Cauliflower For Gas Chromatographic Determination Of Pesticides
(Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry;Solan, 2011) Mishra, Rajanish Chandra; Sharma, I. D.
Open Access
STUDIES ON INCIDENCE, PATHOGENICITY, BIOLOGY AND BIOMANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS ASSOCIATED WITH CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS
(2010) SHARMA, ANURAG; KHANNA, ANJU SUDHAKAR
The present piece of research entitled “Studies on incidence, pathogenicity, biology and biomanagement of insect pests associated with cultivated mushrooms” was conducted to acquaint with the insect pest fauna of two commercially cultivated mushrooms viz. Agaricusbisporus and Pleurotussajorcaju. Abundance of insects belonging to orders Diptera and Coleoptera was recorded in both the mushrooms. In addition, spring tails and mites were also of common occurrence. Two genera of flies belonging to families Sciaridae and Phoridae registered their presesnce in two mushrooms. Of these, the most prevalent grayish black small fly with filiform antennae, typical sciarid wings, long legs with contiguous cozae and elongated abdomen, was identified as Sciarasp. (Diptera: Sciaridae). Looking into its wide distribution in distantly located units, this insect was selected as test insect for further studies. Megaselia sp. (Diptera: Phoridae) was observed in two locations only. Incidence of four genera of beetles viz., Cyllodesindicus, Scaphisomanigrofasciatum, Staphylinus sp. And Spondotriplaxpallidipes was also recorded. Of these, former three infested both the mushrooms but the last one was found to be present in P. sajorcaju only. Interestingly, despite its near cosmopolitan distribution in mushroom units of the state Sciarasp. has been reported for the first time in mushrooms from Himachal Pradesh. Similarly, S. pallidipes has never been recorded earlier from mushrooms in the world. Maggots of Sciara sp. and grubs as well as adults of the beetles fed voraciously on the mycelium and fruit bodies of the mushrooms which were highly susceptible to their menace. In addition, these insects also acted as carriers and disseminators of phoretic nematodes and mites. Natural population of Sciarasp. comprised of more number of females than males, former living longer than later. The peak population of Sciara was observed from March to May under Solan conditions. The developmental phase of Sciara from egg to adult was completed in 13.7 days in button mushroom as compared to 16.7 days in oyster mushroom. This fly inflicted heavy quantitative and qualitative yield losses to A. bisporus and P. sajorcaju; later being more susceptible than former. Quantum of damage was influenced by the factors like initial inoculum level, mushroom species involved and cropping stage at which infestation occurred. Infested fruit bodies wore inhealthy appearance. Among the various bioagents tested for their efficacy against the fly, the application of entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditisindica and/or Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) improved the sporophore yields of both the mushrooms as compared to control.
Open Access
Exploitation of aphelinid endoparasitoids, Encarsia sp. and Eretmocerus sp. and entomopathogenic fungi for the suppression of greenhouse whitefly
(2010) REECHA; CHAUHAN, USHA
ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Exploitation of aphelinid endoparasitoids, Encarsia sp. and Eretmocerus sp. and entomopathogenic fungi for the suppression of greenhouse whitefly” was carried out during 2008 and 2009 at Nauni, Solan, H.P. Two endoparasitoids viz. Encarsia sophia (Griault and Dadd) and Encarsia inaron (Walker) and one ecto-endoparasitoid, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani. were identified and found parasitising the greenhouse whitefly infesting different ornamental plants (fuchsia, rose, sunflower, chrysanthemum, petunia and alstromeria), vegetable crops (tomato, cucumber, egg plant, French bean and pumpkin), strawberry, ashwagandha and milkweed. The mean parasitisation of E. sophia was maximum (3.02%) followed by Er. delhiensis (1.27%) and E. inaron (0.74%) from May to September on all the vegetable crops. The developmental biology of E. sophia was minimum on whitefly infesting fuchsia (13.73 days) and maximum on tomato (19.53 days) plants while that of E. inaron was minimum on tomato (17.90 days) and maximum on French bean (19.00 days). In Er. delhiensis, the duration of the development period was minimum on French bean (13.68 days) and maximum on fuchsia (15.30 days). The true intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of E. sophia was found to be higher on whitefly infesting fuchsia (0.183) than on French bean (0.171). This value for E. inaron on tomato was 0.111 while for Er. delhiensis on French bean it was 0.157. On comparing the efficacy of fungus under laboratory conditions, Verticillium lecanii gave maximum mortality (60.00 %) at 109 spore/ml on 15th day, whereas comparatively low mortality (31.25%) was observed with Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. The combination of V. lecanii with E. sophia was found to be effective and gave maximum mortality (78.33%) on 15th day when E. sophia was released after 3rd day of V. lecanii application.
Open Access
POPULATION MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLIES Bactrocera spp. INFESTING VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CROPS
(2011) THAKUR, MEENA; GUPTA, DIVENDER
ABSTRACT The present studies on the “Population monitoring and management of fruit flies Bactrocera spp. infesting vegetable and fruit crops” were conducted during 2009 and 2010. In laboratory studies, among different food substances protein hydrolysate proved best in attracting the adults of B. tau (6.1 adults/30 minutes) and B. cucurbitae (6.3 adults/30 minutes). Among the test plant materials evaluated as oviposition deterrent, neem (90.1 and 88.7%), garlic (84.7 and 83.5 %) and Melia (83.9 and 82.9 %) exhibited strong deterrence in treated tomato and cucumber fruits, against B. tau and B. cucurbitae, respectively, the highest being at 3 per cent concentration. There was significant difference in the egg laying by plant extract fed B. tau and B. cucurbitae females with neem (6.6 eggs/female/day) as the best followed by garlic (10.4) and Melia (10.6). Minimum egg hatch was recorded in garlic (27.3%) followed by neem (44.1%) and Melia (52.0%), extracts. Phloroglucinol (1, 3, 5 trihydroxy benzene) resulted in significant reduction in oviposition and egg hatch when fed on 50 (5.7 eggs/female/day), 100 (1.8) and 125 mM (0.7) concentration in the diet in comparison to 29.1 eggs in control. At 100 and 125mM, eggs failed to hatch. The dissection of females fed on phloroglucinol based diet revealed various abnormalities in ovarian development and the egg morphology. During the population monitoring studies in field by employing male lures, B. tau, B. cucurbitae and B. scutellaris were caught in attractant-insecticide traps installed in vegetable crops among which B. scutellaris was most abundant followed by B. tau and B. cucurbitae, whereas, in peach and mango orchards B. dorsalis and B. zonata were found, with the predominance of the latter. Wooden block traps proved superior over suspension traps in attracting fruit fly males in vegetable as well as fruit crops. The population peaks of fruit flies were observed during July-August, coinciding with the fruit availability leading to highest fruit infestation in tomato, cucumber and peach during this period. The weather parameters viz. temperature, relative humidity and rainfall correlated positively with the fruit fly catch per trap in most of the cases. There was a highly positive correlation between fruit infestation and trap catch. Lambdacyhalothrin (0.04%) and spinosad (0.002%) proved best in managing fruit fly infestation in tomato, cucumber and peach crops. Under field condition, phloroglucinol proved effective in reducing the fruit infestation resulting in three times higher yield in comparison to control.
Open Access
SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND CLEANUP OF APPLE, CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES
(2011) MISHRA, RAJANISH CHANDRA; SHARMA, I.D.
ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Solid phase extraction and cleanup of apple, cabbage and cauliflower for Gas Chromatographic determination of pesticides” was carried out under laboratory conditions from 2008 to 2010. Forty one pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, aldrin, chlorpyrifos, α-endosulfan, p’p,- DDE, o’p,-DDD, β-endosulfan, p’p,-DDE, endosulfan sulfate, o’p,DDE, dicofol, diazinon, p’p,-DDT, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, phorate, chlorpyrifos- methyl, methyl-parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, fenthion, quinalfos, profenofos, ethion, anilophos, phosalone, chlorfenvinfos, chlorothalonil, fluchloralin, alachlor, pendimethalin, fipronil, butachlor, fenazaquin and hexaconazole) were analyzed by using three different analytical methods viz., Solid Phase Extraction, QuEChERS and CDFA in apple, cabbage and cauliflower. The cleanup efficiency of six different solvents (dichloromethane, hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane:hexane:acetonitrile and dichloromethane:acetone) from seven different SPE mini columns (silica gel, cyclohexyl, aminopropyl, Florisil, cynopropyl, C18 and C8) in SPE method were evaluated. In addition, five different QuEChERS cleanup adsorbents (florisil, silica gel, aluminium oxide, charcoal and PSA+GCB) were also evaluated. Acceptable relative recoveries of forty one pesticides using all the three methods ranged between 60.42-97.42%, 60.7397.94% and 58.80-95.98%, respectively in apple, cabbage and cauliflower. Among different solvents, the mixture of dichloromethane:hexane:acetonitrile (50:48.5:1.5) exhibited the best recoveries (88.05%) for all the pesticides. Among SPE mini columns, Florisil gave maximum recoveries of pesticides which ranged from 91.40-92.11% irrespective of plant matrices. The LOQ of al the pesticides was found to vary between 2-3 time of the LOD. Among different methods, QuEChERS method was found to be the most economical (Rs 157.00) and time saving (45 minutes) for sample processing giving >90% recovery of pesticides.

Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

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