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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access Biology and eco – friendly management of tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner., (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in low hills of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2022-10-18) Sharma, Vyomika; Rana, Virender KumarThe present investigation entitled “Biology and eco – friendly management of tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner., (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in low hills of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out in the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri (Hamirpur), Himachal Pradesh. Experiments were conducted to understand and collect data on biology and eco friendly management of tomato fruit borer using different insecticides and bio - pesticides. The study of the biology revealed that there were six larval instars incase of tomato fruit borer having total larval period of 17- 25 days. Cannibalism was seen from 2nd instar. Males were observed as being greenish grey in colour, while females were described as being light brown with tuft of hairs on the tip of abdomen. Out of the six insecticides and bio-pesticides which were evaluated against tomato fruit borer, spinosad 45 EC were proved best against tomato fruit borer with lowest mean larval count 3.29. Maximum larval count was seen in the agni astra treatment 13.75. Maximum mean yield was seen in spinosad 24.94 kg/plot. All the treatments proved significantly superior to the control.ThesisItem Open Access “Survey and Surveillance of emerging pests of litchi and their natural enemies”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2022-12-27) Thakur, Karan; Rana, Virender KumarThe present studies entitled “Survey and Surveillance of emerging pests of litchi and their natural enemies” were undertaken during 2021-22 in different litchi growing areas of two districts (Kangra and Hamirpur) at Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station (RHRTS) Jachh (Nurpur), Kangra, Litchi and Mango Research Station (LMRS) Nagrota Bagwan, Kangra and Regional Horticultural and Forestry Research Station, Bhota, Hamirpur. During the Survey and Surveillance 10 insect species viz., Leaf roller (Argyroploce leucaspis), Fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis), Looper (P. illepidaria Guenee), Ash weevil (Myllocerus undecimpustulatus), Bark eating caterpillar (Indarbela sp.), Litchi mite (Aceria litchi), Rice earhead bug (Leptocorisa acuta Thun.), Pentatomid bug (Plautia crossota), Mango hopper (Amritodus atkinsoni), Sap beetle (Glischrochilus quadrisignatus) and Natural enemies viz., 6 different species of Spiders, Mantid lacewing, Ladybird beetle and Hunter fly was observed at Kangra and Hamirpur districts. During the study, maximum infestation of Leaf roller (29.9%), maximum infestation of Looper (6.4%), maximum population of Rice earhead bug (15.5 adult), maximum population of Pentatomid bug (24.1 adult), maximum population of Sap beetle (7.3 adult), maximum infestation of Litchi mite (30.6%), maximum infestation of Fruit borer (42.66%), maximum population of Mango hopper (13.2 adult), maximum infestation of Ash weevil (15.9%), maximum infestation of Bark eating caterpillar (82.75%) was recorded at Kangra and Hamirpur district around the year.ThesisItem Open Access Biology and bio-management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-02-08) Thakur, Purnima; Kumar, SunilThe present investigation entitled “Biology and bio-management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”was carried out to study the biology of M. Incognita & found that the nematode completed it’s life cycle in 25-29 days with fecundity rate of 276 egg masses. Ten germplasms of brinjal were screened to check their resistence/susceptibility against M. Incognita and among all the germplasms screened, Pusa Purple Long was found to be the most susceptible variety while, F1 Hybrid Brinjal No. 143 showed resistence towards M. Incognita. The effect of different leaf powder of indigenous plants (Cannabis sativa @ 20g, Eupatorium sp.@ 20 g and Lantana camara @ 20g/1000 cm3 of soil), bio-agents @ 2g/1000 cm3 of soil (T. Viride, P. Fluroescens and Paecilomyces sp.) and oil cakes @ 10g/1000 cm3 of soil ( mustard, neem and groundnut) was evaluated in different combinations. T. Viride in combination with neem oil cake and Lantana camara was found to be the most effective among all the treatments tested and played an important role in reducing the nematode population both in soil ( per 200cc of soil) and root (per 5g) which further leads in reduction of root gall index of brinjal. In another experiment neem oil cake in combination with T. Viride mixed in vermicompost was found more effective as compared to the combination mixed in farm yard manure in improving the plant status of brinjal like shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight.ThesisItem Open Access Studied on seasonal incidence and eco-friendly management of pea leaf miner Chromatomyia horticola Goureau infesting pea(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-12-08) Guleria, Rishabh; Rana, V KThe present investigation entitles “Studied on seasonal incidence and eco-friendly management of pea leaf miner Chromatomyia horticola Goureau infesting pea” were carried out in the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri(Hamirpur), Himachal Pradesh. Experiments were conducted and collect data on seasonal incidence, adult and pupa emergence and management of pea leaf miner using different treatments. The incidence of pea leaf miner was maximum in the 4th week of March (60.86%) and followed by 1st week of April (56.42%). Leaf infestation was positively and significantly correlated with average maximum temperature (0.90) and average minimum temperature (0.87). Rainfallwas negatively and non-significantly correlated (-0.20) with mean leaf infestation whereas average relative humidity was negatively and significantly correlated (-0.53). The order of efficacy of different treatments used for management of pea leaf miner was spinosad @ 0.02 per cent, Agni astra @ 5 percent, Bacillus thuringiensis @ 0.1 percent, neem oil @ 5ml/l, leaf extract of Melia azadirach @ 10 percent and leaf extract of Melia Dubia @ 10 percent. Average maximum reduction (46.77%) in the infestation over control was found in spinosad @ 0.02 percent followed by (38.27%) reduction in Agni astra @ 5 percent.ThesisItem Open Access Seasonal Incidence and management of predatory wasps (Vespa spp., Hymenoptera: Vespidae) attacking Apis mellifera L. colonies(College of Horticulture & Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 2022-12-29) Awasthi, Kanika; Rana, V KStudies on seasonal incidence and management of predatory wasps (Vespa spp. in apiary of Apis mellifera L. colonies” was conducted with the objective to study the efficacy of different techniques used to protect the honey bees from the attack of different species of wasps and to check the impact of different weather parameters (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on the incidence of predatory wasps. Three different wasp species were recorded during the study period viz., Vespa auraria, V. basalis and V. cincta. Among these three species of wasps V. auraria was recorded as the regular visitor in the apiary. The peak incidence of V. auraria was observed in the month of September (238.67) and V. basalis attained a peak period in the month of October (48.58). The incidence of V. cincta was initiated from June and attained a peak period in the month of September (31.83). Different techniques were used to manage wasps in the apiary like trapping of wasps and use of baits to attract the wasps. For trapping purpose sugar solution, fermented honey solution, Jaggery (gur) solution and use of heptyl butyrate + sugar solution were used. All the solutions were able to trap all three species wasps but maximum population of wasps were trapped in fermented honey solution viz., V. auraria (38.75), V. basalis (27.50) and V. cincta (26.67) which is followed by wasps trapped in sugar solution i.e. V. auraria (37.25), V. basalis (23.00) and V. cincta (18.00). Jaggery solution and heptyl butyrate + sugar solution were less preferred by all the three species of wasps as compared to sugar solution and fermented honey solution. To observe the attractancy of different wasps species, two fruit baits (apple and pear) and two protein baits (chicken and fish) were used in the apiary. All the baits attracted V. auraria and V. basalis but V. cincta was almost negligibly attracted to the baits. The maximum population of wasps were attracted by pear bait viz., V. auraria (8.58), V. basalis (7.33) and V. cincta (1.60) which is followed by wasps attracted by apple bait i.e. V. auraria (2.83), V. basalis (2.35) and V. cincta (0.59). From the present investigation it was concluded that among all the treatments used, fermented honey solution and sugar solution were the best methods to be used in the apiary to protect honey bees from different wasp species.ThesisItem Open Access Biology and eco-friendly management of cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae L.(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-12-04) Kashyap, Hemant Kumar; Rana, V KThe present investigation entitled “Biology and eco-friendly management of cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae L.” was carried out in the Department of Entomology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (HP). Studies on the biology revealed that pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 1.60, 3.60 and 1.8 days, respectively. A single female butterfly laid 128.60 ± 9.50 eggs, which hatched in 5.50 ± 0.02 days. Mean duration of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars was 4.70, 4.50, 4.30, 4.80 and 5.50 days, respectively with a total larval period of 23.50 days. The pre-pupal and pupal stage lasted for 1.50 ± 0.02 and 10.50 ± 0.02 days, respectively. The male and female completed total life cycle in 40.00 ± 0.44 and 42.40 ± 0.68 days. Morphometric study revealed that the egg measured 1.08 ± 0.01 mm in diameter. Average body length of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars was 6.01 ± 0.02, 11.88 ± 0.12, 21.64 ± 0.32, 31.09 ± 0.48 and 38.29 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. All the pesticides tested viz., spinosad 45% SC, emamectin benzoate 5 SG, Azardirachtin 0.15% EC, Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki 0.5 WP, Beauveria bassiana 1 WP and Agni astra for the management of P. brassicae were found to be superior over control. Among the different pesticides tested spinosad 45% SC @ 0.004% was found to the be most effective for managing population of P. brassicae, while Agni Astra was the least effective.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on seasonal incidence and management of Litchi Fruit Borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Gracillariidae: Lepidoptera) in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-11-09) Bhat, Abhishek; Rana, V KThe present investigation entitled “Studies on seasonal incidence and management of Litchi Fruit Borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Gracillariidae: Lepidoptera) in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out during 2021-22 in different litchi growing areas of four district (Kangra, Hamirpur, Bilaspur and Mandi ) in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh to record prevalence of litchi fruit borer. During the survey maximum infestation of borer was found at Nagrota Bagwan in district Kangra. Study on seasonal incidence was carried out at RHR&TS, Jachh and LMRS Nagrota Bagwan. During the study, litchi fruit borer infestation was evident from March to July. It was observed that infestation of Conopomorpha sinensis was severe during June and July months as compared to other months of observation. All weather factors recorded in present investigation had significant as well as non-significant impact on the activity of borer. The bio-efficacy study in both the modules proved that the synthetic insecticides viz., lambda cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole and cypermethrin performed relatively better as compared to flubendamide and imidacloprid in the decreasing order whereas the biopesticides were found to be least effective of all the synthetic insecticides included in the study. The insecticides viz., lambda cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole and cypermethrin were able to avoid yield loss due to fruit borer to a considerable extent and the values for the parameter varied between 83.00 and 58.72 per cent in these three most effective chemicals compared to bio-pesticides in single spray module where the values were found to lie between 84.19 and 67.50 in the two modules for both concentrations used in the study. The BCR values for these insecticides were recorded to be very high (130.76:1, 100.47:1 and 50.06:1 ) as against < 1.0- 20.69:1 calculated for the three bio-pesticides included in the study.ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on biology and severity of Bactrocera scutellaris on cucumber in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-11-24) Kumar, Mukesh; Rana, V KThe present investigations entitiled “Studies on biology and severity of Bactrocera scutellaris on cucumber in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh” The length and breadth of eggs ranged from 0.95 to 1.25 mm with an average of 1.03 ± 0.02 and 0.20 to 0.35 mm with an average of 0.29 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The incubation period of eggs were varied from 0.70 to 1 day long with an average of 0.84 ± 0.03 days. The length of first, second and third instar larvae were 1.20 - 1.98 mm (1.59 ± 0.09 mm), 4.50 - 7.75 mm, (6.31 ± 0.27 mm) and 7.25 to 10.75 mm (8.98 ± 0.31 mm) whereas the width was 0.15 to 0.4 mm (0.27 ± 0.02 mm), 0.90 to 1.40 mm (1.25 ± 0.05 mm), 1.25 to 2.80 mm (2.10 ± 0.15 mm). The duration of respective instars were 1.15 ± 0.09, 1.6 ± 0.10 and 3.5 ± 0.12 days. The average larval period was 7.05 ± 0.25 days, with range of 6 to 8 days. The pupa measured 5.97 ± 0.13 mm in length and 2.34 ± 0.03 mm in width. The pupal stage lasted anywhere from 7 to 9 days, with an average of 7.8 ± 0.34 days. The pupa measured 5.97 ± 0.13 mm in length and 2.34 ± 0.03 mm in width. The pupal stage lasted anywhere from 7 to 9 days, with an average of 7.8 ± 0.34 days. The pre- oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition period were 11.52 ± 0.51, 7.05 ± 0.41 and 4.47 ± 0.50 days. The sex ratio was 1.18 ± 0.06 (male: female). The total life cycle ranged from 13 to 19 days with an average duration of 15.5 ± 1.07 days. The mean fruit infestation was positively and significantly correlated with average maximum temperature (0.9261) and negatively significantly correlated with minimum average temperature (-0.1016), while rainfall was negatively and non-significantly correlated (-0.3763) with mean fruit infestation of fruit fly and average relative humidity was negatively and significantly correlated (-0.0573), with mean fruit infestation of fruit fly. Mean fruit infestation severity was positively and significantly correlated with average maximum temperature (0.8270) and average maximum temperature, was positively and non- significantly correlated with minimum average temperature (0.1260). Rainfall was negatively and non- significantly correlated (-0.1922) with Mean fruit infestation severity of fruit fly and average relative humidity was positively and significantly correlated (0.6260) while minimum relative humidity was positively and significantly correlated (0.1583) with mean fruit infestation severity of fruit fly.ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on the selection of Apis mellifera colonies for various hive characters in low hills of Himachal Pradesh”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-14) Sandil, Ankit; Rana, V KPresent studies on the selection of Apis mellifera colonies for various hive characters in low hills of Himachal Pradesh were accomplished in the apiary of COHF, Neri, Hamirpur. Experiments conducted on the better hive performing Apis mellifera colonies under low hill conditions revealed that most extreme number of bee population was found in the month of May (4.75 to 9.88 bee frames), whereas in the month of March, the brood area was found maximal (2.25 to 8.25 bee frames). Colony number C-21 (2841±175.16 cm²) stored paramount of pollen stores, while colony number C-1 hoarded substantial amount of honey i.e. 911.00±188.82g/colony. Under hygienic behaviour, colony number C-17 cleaned 84±5.66 per cent of brood and revealed most extreme. Per cent removal of degree of mite infestation obtained was greatest in C-20 i.e. 48.63±2.25 % on the basis of ranking acquired by various colonies as for honey bee population, brood area, pollen stores, honey stores, hygienic behaviour and degree of mite infestation was assessed and better hive performing colonies was chosen. Studies on the seasonal variations in hive data of different A. mellifera colonies evidensed that on the basis of z score values of different traits, the seasonal variations in hive data of 25 A. mellifera colonies was obtained by using selection index (Isel.). The z score value of ability to winter (za) was attained greatest in C-19 (197.97), colony number C-18 (66.66) obtained maximum number of spring build-up, whereas, z score of first honey flow showed best results in colony number C18 (64.95). Among economic traits, the z score value of honey stores was utmost in colony number C-1, C-2, C-4, C-7, C-10, C-12, C-13, C-14, C-15, C-16, C-19, C-20, C-21, C-23 and C-25 (73.40), respectively, although colony number C-4, C-8, C-10, C-14, C-20, C-21 and C-22 (73.12) stored maximum amount of pollen stores. Under resistance traits, i.e. hygienic behaviour, the maximum number of z score values was revealed by colony number C3, C-5, C-8, C-12, C-17, C-19, C-20, C-21 and C-24 (71.91). However, degree of mite infestation was abundant in colony number C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-13 (-64.79). Top five colonies C-12, C-18, C-15, C-10 and C-13 having selection index values of 1327.20, 1276.64, 1110.72, 1085.56 and 812.64 with all these desirable traits can be used for raising quality queen rearing