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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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2011 - 201755
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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INCIDENCE, DAMAGING POTENTIAL AND BIOMANAGEMENT OF CYLLODES INDICUS (NITIDULIDAE : COLEOPTERA) INFESTING OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS SPP.)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE DR. YASHWANT SINGH PARMAR UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, 2011) DEVI, NEETA; KHANNA, ANJU S
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON APPLE POLLEN FORAGING PREFERENCE IN Apis mellifera L.
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017-10) MONIKA; SHARMA, HARISH KUMAR
    ABSTRACT The present investigations “Studies on apple pollen foraging preference in Apis mellifera L.” were carried out in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). Significant variations in A. mellifera stock have been found in various colony parameters like colony strength (4 to 7.67 bee frames), brood area (515.67 to 1883.33 cm2), pollen stores (20.67 to 366 cm2) and honey stores 50 to 1000g. The average colony strength was maximum (7.67 bee frames) in colony number C-3 and C-32. On the basis of ranking obtained by different colonies with respect to colony strength, brood area and honey stores, 10 colonies with high pollen hoarding and 10 with low pollen hoarding tendency were selected. The data on performance of high and low pollen hoarding colonies revealed significant differences with respect to different colony parameters. Ranking obtained by different colonies with respect to colony strength, brood area, pollen stores, honey stores, pollen stores and hygienic behaviour were scored as per their performance. The main criteria for selecting colonies with high pollen hoarding and low pollen hoarding tendency was average pollen stores. The three high pollen hoarding colonies (H-4, H-5 and H-9) were those which scored 3 to 4.50, whereas low pollen hoarding colonies (L-4, L-6 and L9) scored 4 to 4.50 for average pollen stores and bee foragers. The low pollen hoarding & high pollen hoarding colonies also showed significant seasonal variations with respect to various colonies characteristics. Number of incoming bees with pollen loads at hive entrance was significantly more (51.94 bees per minute) in high pollen hoarding honeybee colonies as compared to low pollen hoarding colonies (42.82 bees per minute). Apple pollen preference in colony number G-2 from general stock showed highest preference for apple pollen foraging with 18.78 per cent of apple pollen loads. Colony H-4 recorded minimum percentage of apple pollen load. Out of nine, 7 colonies collected significantly same percentage of apple pollen. These studies suggest that selection efforts for bees with the preference for apple pollen could be combined with selection for pollen hoarding to get a strain of honeybee with higher preference for apple pollen foraging.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF WOOLLY APPLE APHID, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) USING NEW INSECTICIDE MOLECULES AND BIOPESTICIDES
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017-10) VINEET, KUMAR; GUPTA, DIVENDER
    ABSTRACT The bioefficacy study revealed that, spirotetramat (0.015 %) proved best among the test insecticide treatments resulting in 68.48 per cent reduction in colony count of woolly apple aphid and was followed by flonicamid (0.05 %) which resulted in 61.31 per cent reduction in colony count. When the data on colony size were recorded, it followed the same trend i.e. spirotetramat (0.015 %) proved most efficacious causing 61.04 per cent reduction in aphid colony size followed by flonicamid (0.05 %) with a reduction of 55.96 per cent. The higher concentration of each test biopesticides i.e. B. bassiana (2x1010 cfus/L), fish oil (1.0 %), neem oil (2.0 %) and azadirachtin (0.02 %) resulted in 29.17, 31.32, 28.95 and 29.83 per cent reduction in colony count being at par. Similar trend was recorded in colony size. When the safety to natural enemies of E. lanigerum was noticed, neem oil (1.0 %) and flonicamid (0.025 %) proved safest to the parasitoid, A. mali with 60.00-80.00 per cent and 75.00-80.00 per cent adult emergence, respectively. Spirotetramat (0.015 %) and flonicamid (0.05 %) were moderately safe with 55.00-60.00 and 60.00-65.00 per cent adult emergence, respectively, and were at par with the earlier recommended insecticide, thiamethoxam (0.025 %) where adult emergence was 55.00-60.00 per cent. Chlorpyriphos proved most toxic to A. mali where only 15.00-20.00 per cent adult emergence was recorded. In case of C. septempunctata and H. variegate, fish oil at both the concentrations with no or very low mortality, even after 72 hours of treatment proved safest followed by buprofezin; whereas, chlorpyriphos (0.04 %) was most toxic to the coccinellid species causing upto 100 per cent mortality. H. variegata was more sensitive to all the test insecticides and biopesticides as compared to C. septempunctata.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF DISEASES AND ENEMIES IN Apis cerana F.
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017-10) NEGI, NITIKA; THAKUR, MEENA
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Seasonal incidence of diseases and enemies in Apis cerana F.” were conducted during April, 2016 to March, 2017 in Apis cerana F. colonies maintained by the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, situated at 33.3N° latitude, 70.70°E longitude and 1256 m above mean sea level (amsl). Studies were also carried out on confirmation of Melissococcus plutonius infecting A. cerana through morphological and PCR study at CPRI, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. European foulbrood disease incidence was statistically maximum (23.00%) in the month of July, 2016 when temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were high. Maximum incidence of Thai sacbrood disease was recorded during the May, 2016 (2.33%) when humidity was low (46.00%). The incidence of ectoparasitic mite (Tropilaelaps clareae) was maximum in the month of September, 2016 (10.00%), whereas, no incidence of Varroa destructor was observed during the study period. No incidence of wasps was recorded on A. cerana apiary. Average per cent mortality of wax moth (Galleria mellonela) was maximum in Frame dip method (20.83%). Irrespective of methods maximum mortality (33.34%) was observed in treatment T4 (Bacillus thurengiensis 8 g/lt spray). PCR studies using specific primer sequence as well as universal primer could not confirm the presence of M. plutonius. PCR studies with universal primer (BCF1 /BCR2) indicated the presence of Enterococcus faecalis, which was further confirmed by sequencing. E. faecalis, previously thought to cause European foulbrood disease is secondary bacteria which rapidly accelerate the death of the infected larvae and is responsible for sour smell encountered with European foulbrood. According to present study E. faecalis can produce symptoms similar to M. plutonius, but this needs further confirmation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF SOME BRINJAL CULTIVARS AGAINST BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) AND STUDIES ON ITS BIOLOGY
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017-10) SHARMA, AARTI; RANA, RAJINDER SINGH
    ABSTRACT The present studies on “Screening of some brinjal cultivars against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) and studies on its biology” was carried out during 2016 in the field and laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Eight brinjal cultivars viz. 'Brinjal Long (F1)', 'DS-407', 'Ganesh', 'Long Green', 'Neelkanth', 'Prapti', 'Pusa Purple Cluster' and 'Pusa Purple Long' were evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, L. orbonalis (Guenee) under field conditions. Egg and larval count of L. orbonalis was made on these cultivars. The per cent shoot infestation in different brinjal cultivars were evaluated on basis of number of shoot damaged whereas the per cent fruit infestation in different brinjal cultivars were evaluated on the basis of number of damaged fruits and this was correlated with various parameters like fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit pericarp thickness, fruit weight, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf hairs and total phenolic content. None of the cultivars were found to be tolerant to shoot attack of L. orbonalis infestation but considerable variation of infestation was recorded among different cultivars. The per cent fruit damage varied from 6.66% to 46.63% recording the minimum fruit infestation in 'DS-407' and 'Ganesh' while the maximum fruit infestation was observed in 'Prapti' which was at par with 'Pusa Purple Long' and 'Neelkanth'. Egg population, larval poulation, fruit weight loss, fruit pericarp thickness, fruit weight, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter were found to be positively correlated with per cent fruit infestation while fruit shape index, leaf hairs and total phenol content were found to be negatively correlated with the attack of fruit borer. Two brinjal cultivars 'Neelkanth' and 'Pusa Purple Long' were taken to study the developmental biology of the brinjal shoot and fruit borer under laboratory condition. The incubation period was 3.72 and 3.51 days on 'Neelkanth' and 'Pusa Purple Long' whereas the larval period was found 13.52 and 14.39 days on 'Pusa Purple Long' and 'Neelkanth'. The total developmental period was 24.52 and 26.41 days on 'Pusa Purple Long' and 'Neelkanth' cultivars, respectively. The fecundity was more on 'Pusa Purple Long' (210.20 eggs per female), as compared to 'Neelkanth' cultivar (193.40 eggs per female). The total phenol content was estimated on all eight brinjal cultivars and it was found that maximum in 'DS-407' cultivar (49.65 mg per 100g leaves) whereas, it was minimum in the 'Prapti' cultivar (37.66 mg per g leaves). The cultivar ‘DS-407’ having higher total phenol content i.e. 49.65 mg per 100g leaves was found to have lower fruit infestation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERSISTENCE OF ACEPHATE, CHLORPYRIPHOS, QUINALPHOS AND TRIAZOPHOS IN CUCUMBER
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017-09) SINGH, SHUBHRA; KATNA, SAPNA
    ABSTRACT The present investigations on “Persistence of acephate, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and triazophos in cucumber” was carried out during 2016-2017 in the department of Entomology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the persistence of acephate, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and triazophos in cucumber fruits, effect of processing on residues and the accumulation of insecticides in the soil. The persistence study on cucumber fruits recorded initial deposits due to single dose of acephate (560 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyriphos (300 g a.i. ha-1), quinalphos (250 g a.i. ha-1) and triazophos (300 g a.i. ha-1) as 0.640, 0.980, 0.628 and 0.985 mg kg-1, respectively. However, at double dose the initial deposits were 1.123, 1.860, 1.126 and 1.906 mg kg-1 for respective insecticides. The initial deposits of 0.076, 0.112, 0.189 and 0.098 mg kg-1 at single dose and 0.161, 0.198, 0.146 and 0.189 mg kg-1 at double dose were observed for acephate, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and triazophos, respectively, in cucumber cropped soil. Acephate and quinalphos residues persisted in cucumber fruits upto 5 and 7 days at single and double dose, respectively. Whereas, chlorpyriphos and triazophos persisted for 7 days at recommended dose and 10 days at double the recommended dose. The residues of acephate, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and triazophos in fruits reduced to half in less than 2 days. The waiting periods for the respective insecticides were worked out at their limit of determination (0.05 mg kg-1) due to lack of MRL value in India. The safe waiting periods on cucumber were suggested as 9, 10, 8 and 11 days for acephate, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and triazophos, respectively. Among various decontamination processes, peeling was found most effective which provided upto 91.36 per cent relief followed by vinegar dipping (71.60 per cent), saline water dipping (56.49 per cent), lukewarm water washing (40.34 per cent) and tap water washing (30.74 per cent) from insecticide residues in cucumber.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERSISTENCE OF CARBENDAZIM, CYPERMETHRIN, ETHION AND PROFENOFOS ON CUCUMBER
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017-09) THAKUR, JYOTI; PATIYAL, S.K.
    ABSTRACT Dissipation of carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion and profenofos in cucumber fruit and soil was studied, following the application at recommended doses 250, 50, 500 and 500 g a.i. ha-1, respectively and double dose 500, 100, 1000 and 1000 g a.i. ha-1, respectively, in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during the year 2016. The persistence study on cucumber fruits recorded initial deposits due to single dose of carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion and profenofos as 1.235, 0.407, 0.817 and 0.960 mg kg-1, respectively. However, at double dose the deposits were 2.388, 0.781, 1.586 and 1.861 mg kg-1, respectively. The initial deposits 0.132, 0.055, 0.102 and 0.106 mg kg-1 at single dose and 0.272, 0.124, 0.207 and 0.213 mg kg-1 at double dose were observed for carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion and profenofos, respectively, in cucumber cropped soil. The residues of carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion and profenofos reduced to half within 3 days for both single as well as double dose. The waiting periods for the respective pesticides were worked out at their limit of determination (0.05 mg kg-1 for carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion and profenofos) due to lack of MRL value by the FSSAI. In decontamination studies, tap water washing and luke warm water washing of cucumber fruits were effective in removing residues to the tune of 29.07 and 37.37 per cent, respectively on 1st day. However, peeling was found most effective (up to 100 per cent) in dislodging pesticide residues. Hence, the study concluded that carbendazim and profenofos were the most persistent followed by ethion and cypermethrin as least persistent among test pesticides on cucumber fruits. The safe waiting period on cucumber was suggested as 10, 8, 8 and 11 days for carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion and profenofos, respectively. Peeling was found as the most effective decontamination process.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOLOGY AND LIFE TABLE OF PEA LEAFMINER Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) ON SOME PEA VARIETIES
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2017) BHAT, SUJAY; SHARMA, K.C.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation on “Biology and life table of pea leafminer Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) on some pea varieties” was carried out during 2016-2017 in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Four different pea varieties viz. ‘Pb-89’, ‘Solan Nirog’, ‘VL-3’ and ‘VL-7’ were selected to study the developmental biology of the pea leafminer under laboratory condition. The incubation period was 2.04, 2.02, 1.92 and 1.88 days on ‘Pb-89’, ‘Solan Nirog’, ‘VL-7’ and ‘VL-3’ varieties, respectively. The larval period was found to be minimum on ‘VL-3’ (5.93 days), whereas it was maximum on the ‘Pb-89’ (6.11 days) followed by ‘VL-7’ (6.02 days) and ‘Solan Nirog’ (6.01 days). The maximum pupal period was found on ‘VL-3’ variety (9.44 days) while, it was minimum on ‘Solan Nirog’ variety (9.10 days). The total developmental period of the pea leafminer was 17.05, 17.13, 17.25 and 17.26 days on ‘VL-7’, ‘Solan Nirog’, ‘VL-3’ and ‘Pb-89’ varieties, respectively. Significant variation in the fecundity of the pea leafminer was found on four varieties. It was found to be highest on ‘Solan Nirog’ variety (249.80 eggs per female), while minimum on ‘VL-3’ variety (168.40 eggs per female). Life fertility tables were constructed on ‘VL-3’ and ‘VL-7’ varieties. The highest value of the true intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was observed in the ‘VL-7’ variety (0.1757 female per female per day) and was lowest in ‘VL-3’ variety (0.1517 female per female per day), thus indicating that the ‘VL-7’ variety is more suitable for multiplication of the pea leafminer. The total phenol content was found to be maximum in ‘VL-3’ variety (21.20 mg per 100g leaves) whereas, it was minimum in the ‘Solan Nirog’ variety (14.60 mg per g leaves). The variety (‘VL-3’) having higher total phenol content i.e. 21.20 mg per 100g leaves was found to have lower value of true intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) i.e. 0.1517 female per female per day. Overall studies thus revealed that the ‘VL-3’ variety is found to be less susceptible as compared to other varieties.