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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Subject: Biotechnology and molecular Biology × Start date: 1994 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT APPLE (Malus × domestica Borkh.) CULTIVARS GRAFTED ON CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS UNDER HIGH DENSITY PLANTATIONS
    (UHF Nauni, 2024-07-22) MADHURJIT SINGH RATHORE; Manisha Thakur
    Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most popular and widely consumed fruit grown in the temperate regions of the world which has gained significant importance due to its nutritional and health benefits. Apple cultivation success depends on fruit quality influenced by traits like size, color, flavor, texture, and nutrition. Apple clonal rootstocks M9, MM106 and cultivars viz., Gale Gala, Redlum Gala, Jeromine, Auvil Early Fuji, Red Velox, Red Cap Valtod, Scarlet-Spur-II and Super Chief were introduced in India under World Bank project in the year 2016.These rootstocks were grafted with the above mentioned commercial cultivars for raising high-density plantations at Nauni, Kandaghat, Mashobra, Bajaura and Sharbo located at different altitudes. In morphological characterization, Red Velox depicted maximum tree height at HDP Bajaura (373.1 cm) whereas, it was minimum in Jeromine (213.3 cm) in HDP Sharbo. Red Velox in HDP Bajaura displayed the maximum annual shoot length (41.51 cm), whereas it was minimum for Redlum Gala (14.84 cm) at HDP Sharbo. Auvil Early Fuji in HDP Bajaura had the maximum trunk girth (62.56 mm), while it was minimum for Redlum Gala (21.65 mm) at HDP Sharbo. Red Velox had the maximum fruit length of 73.15 mm at HDP Sharbo, whereas, it was minimum in Gale Gala (43.48 mm) at HDP Bajaura. Jeromine had the maximum fruit diameter (76.75 mm) at HDP Sharbo, whereas it was minimum in Gale Gala (51.25 mm) at HDP Bajaura. Red Velox had the maximum fruit weight and volume (258.02 g; 272.50 cm3) at HDP Sharbo, while in Gale Gala it was minimum (69.89 g; 81.50 cm3) at HDP Bajaura. Redlum Gala had the firmest fruit (28.20 lbs2) at Sharbo, while it was minimum in Red Cap Valtod (14.60 lbs2) at HDP Nauni. Fruit shapes varied from globose, obloid, conic, ovoid, to cylindrical-waisted across locations. The best conic fruit shape was observed for Super Chief at HDPs of Nauni and Kandaghat. Biochemical analyses revealed diverse profiles among cultivars and locations. Redlum Gala had the maximum TSS (28.20 ºBrix) at HDP Sharbo, while it was minimum for Red Cap Valtod (14.60 ºBrix) at HDP Nauni. Fruits of Super Chief at HDP Sharbo displayed the highest total and reducing sugar content (17.0; 10.49 %), whereas it was minimum in Red Cap Valtod at HDP Nauni (10.50 and 5.07 %). Jeromine fruits at HDP Nauni exhibited the maximum titratable acidity (0.97%), while Super Chief (0.40%) at HDP Sharbo exhibited minimum. Redlum Gala (58.29 mg/g FW) revealed maximum phenol content whereas, it was minimum in Jeromine (26.18 mg/g FW) at HDP Nauni. Maximum DPPH (71.30 %) was recorded in Redlum Gala growing at HDP Sharbo and it was minimum in Jeromine (32.42 %) at HDP Kandaghat. Out of 20 EST-SSR Primer Hi15a13 associated with TSS and sugar related traits of apple showed polymorphism in Jeromine and Redlum Gala growing at HDP’s of all locations whereas, 19 other primerswere monomorphic. The highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value (0.388), Rp value range (76 - 152), EMR (2.00) and MI (0.78) values was observed for Hi15a13. Transcriptome analysis highlighted differential gene expression (DEGs) between Jeromine and Redlum Gala exhibiting significant variations, with 2251 DEGs identified, including 673 up-regulated and 1578 down-regulated. Transcription factors (TFs) such as bHLH, NAC, ERF, MYB related, WRKY, B3, G2-like, and C2H2 were up-regulated, suggesting their involvement in various metabolic pathways.Among anthocyanin synthesis pathway, 49 DEGs were significantly expressed in Jeromine and Redlum Gala, out of which 43 DEGs were related to MYB TF’s which is involved in regulating biosynthesis of anthocyanins. The genes related to energy metabolism, aroma production, and signal transmission in fatty acids biosynthesis were up-regulated in Redlum Gala compared to Jeromine.Twenty EST-SSRs targeting traits like shape, colour and firmness were validated. Di-nucleotide repeat motifs were predominant in Jeromine (2160) and Redlum Gala (15698). All the cultivars were analysed using these EST-SSR primers developed from transcriptome sequencing data out of which only 19 primers were able to amplify the genomic DNA in all the samples. Primer Md-ACO1 associated with fruit firmness resulted in polymorphism in Redlum Gala.The PIC value for this primer was 0.229 whereas, Rp value range from 76 – 156, demonstrating its equal distribution and applicability for evaluating genetic variability of apple in future.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GERMPLASM CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO PROPAGATION IN SATUWA (Paris polyphylla Smith) - AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT OF INDIAN HIMALAYAN REGION
    (UHF Nauni, 2024-06-21) VINAY KUMAR; Rajnish Sharma
    In the present investigations, 64 SSR markers (both genic and genomic) were used to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of Satuwa (Paris polyphylla Smith), an endangered medicinal plant of Indian Himalayan Region. Molecular marker analysis classified the 32 P. polyphylla individuals procured from the natural habitat of Himachal Pradesh (at 1500-2500 m amsl) into two main clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.62. The dendrogram revealed low level of genetic diversity by sorting the individuals from the same location into similar cluster due to asexual propagation behavior. The population structure showed the admixture of two different genetic pools among the characterized individuals. Based on dendrogram interpretation, the rhizomes of all the diversified locations were subjected to HPLC analysis which emphasized on the selective altitudinal harvesting due to significant difference in the diosgenin contents. The identified diverse location with high diosgenin contents was further considered for carrying in vitro propagation studies. Among the numerous factors tested during in vitro establishment studies, maximum shoot regeneration was observed on half strength MS medium containing 3% sucrose, 2.27 μM TDZ and 2.70 μM NAA using rhizome bud explants. In vitro shoot multiplication was done via lateral bud production using 6% sucrose concentration in half strength MS medium. Maximum mini rhizome production was observed on half strength MS medium containing 9% sucrose, 2.22 μM BAP, 2.27 μM TDZ, 2.70 μM NAA, 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate and 1000 mg/L activated charcoal. The in vitro regenerants were further rooted and hardened successfully. This is the first report which showed the impact of various factors that are crucial during the in vitro propagation procedures via micro rhizome and mini rhizome production including type of explants, physiological phase, culture conditions (photoperiod and temperature), MS stock strength, sucrose concentrations, decapitation, various combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators and additives. Therefore, the present findings can be of immense potential for large-scale ex-situ practices including mini rhizome induction, which will aid in conservation and management of this valuable endangered medicinal plant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IN VITRO PROPAGATION AND SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION OF Angelica glauca EDGEW. - AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT OF HIMALAYAS
    (UHF Nauni, 2024-03-26) DEEPIKA NEGI; Manisha Thakur
    The present study reports an optimized protocol for high frequency in vitro propagation through seeds and rhizome buds, secondary metabolite production and molecular analysis in Angelica glauca. Seeds were subjected to different pre-treatments prior to surface sterilization for breaking recalcitrance. Maximum percent survival of seeds (85.19%) was achieved on treatment with 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 minutes with maximum in vitro seed germination and culture establishment (87%) during spring, followed by winter season (65%). The proliferated shoots showed highest multiplication (1:12) with rooting on half strength MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BA + 0.2 mg/l NAA. In rhizome buds highest percent survival of 91.67 and 87.50% was achieved in 0.3-0.5 cm and 1.0-2.0 cm sized buds after surface sterilization with 0.1% HgCl2, for 2 and 3 minutes, respectively. Maximum in vitro establishment (94.44%) was achieved on MS medium fortified with 0.3 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l GA3 with 90% success during spring, followed by 78% in winter season. Highest multiplication rate (1:15) with rooting was achieved on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BA +0.2 mg/l NAA. Endophytic bacterial contamination could be observed in some cultures during multiplication stage after seven to eight months which was uncontrollable and led to the mortality of cultures. The bacterium responsible for it was identified as Agrobacterium pusense AG1, through morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. For callus induction in vivo leaves and roots were used as explants wherein, highest callus induction in in vivo leaves (88.89%) and roots (80.59%) was observed under dark incubation. During secondary metabolite production, GC-MS analysis revealed maximum (8.79%) production of 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether from root callus and 6.72% from leaf callus. For enhancing the in vitro yield of bioactive compounds, callus induced from in vivo leaves and roots were subjected to elicitation by incorporating different concentrations of sucrose (1,3 and 5%), methyl jasmonate (0.5-1.5 mM), 2,4D (2.0 mg/l) and Kin (0.5 mg/l) in production medium. Elicitation with 1% sucrose showed maximum Stigmasterol (37.33%) from leaf calli whereas, maximum Oleic acid (34.33%) was monitored through root calli. Sucrose (3%) resulted in production of Stigmasterol (55.85%) from leaf and Erucic acid (21.03%) from root callus, and at 5% concentration 17- Pentatriacontene (25.71%) in leaf callus and 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl- (15.09%) in root callus were identified. Addition of methyl jasmonate (0.5 mM) resulted in production of Furfural (15.54%) from leaf callus and trans-13-Octadecenoic acid (31.88%) from root callus, and at 1.0 mM concentration 2- Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- (22.53%) and trans-13-Octadecenoic acid (33.39%) were monitored from leaf and root callus respectively. On increasing the concentration of methyl jasmonate to 1.5 mM, n-Hexadecanoic acid (16.31%) and cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (27.82%) were identified from leaf and root callus. Addition of 2,4D in the medium resulted in production of 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- (5.74%) and Furfural (10.62%) from leaf and root calli, respectively. Whereas, addition of kinetin led to the accumulation of 1- Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether (16.93%) from leaf and (33.51%) from root callus in production medium. Molecular analysis of samples from different altitudes through SCoT and CBDP markers revealed 75% and 80.57% polymorphism, respectively suggesting genetic variations in samples.