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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PROBIOTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ETHNIC FERMENTED FOODS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-11) KAUL, RIMPLE; SHARMA, NIVEDITAABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from traditional food matrices of Himachal Pradesh, their screening, identification, assessment of essential probiotic attributes and then finally their application as therapeutic agent. In total, 3 in-house lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from 3 different food matrices viz. Chakti, Makhan and Dahi were selected for the evaluation of bacterial isolates for their therapeutic potential as probiotics. Safety assessment of the isolates was done by evaluating haemolytic, DNase, gelatinase activities and antibiotic susceptibility. All the three isolates exhibited non-heamolytic, non-DNase and non-gelatinase activities and were highly sensitive to all the antibiotics except that of Vancomycin, thereby proving overall safe status. These screened isolates were further assessed for their probiotic potential viz. acidity tolerance, bile tolerance, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, antagonistic activity against test indicators, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition in liposome system, adhesion to gastric mucin, inhibition, displacement as well as competitive exclusion of pathogens, simulated gastro-intestinal transit, antagonistic spectrum, bacteriocin production, cholesterol lowering property, and cumulative probiotic potential. All the three screened isolates were highly acidity tolerant with 87.2295.97% survival rate at pH 3 for 3 h. These three isolates were also able to resist high bile salt concentration i.e. 2.0% with 80.74-89.00% survival rate for 8 h. All the three isolates exhibited good auto-aggregation capacity i.e. > 40% after 5 h and have shown strong hydrophobicity towards xylene i.e. > 40%. Antioxidant activity of the three isolates was in a range from 59.19-87.17%. Lipid peroxidation inhibition activity in the liposome system also ranged from 51.87-90.41%. All the isolates have the ability to adhere gastric mucin with 20.5661.68% adhesion and all of them have exhibited adhesion potential to gastric mucin. Resistance GI transit was lied in a range from 48.51-66.01% at pH 3 and 68.04-73.81 at pH 8, both after 4 h. Further screening was doneby bit/disc method and the three strains exhibited wide inhibitory spectrum against the test indicators. These screened probiotic isolates showed strong inhibitory spectrum against both gram positive as well as gram negative pathogenic bacteria through secretion of bacteriocin (24.25-26 mm zone size). Cholesterol assimilation by the three LAB strains was evaluated and it ranged from 47.17-78.40%. All the screened isolates were found to be qualified with quite an impressive cumulative score as high as 87.5%. Hence, this study affirms the use of Lactobacillus fermentum Cha4, Lactobacillus delbreukii F18 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KC6 in the development of new therapeutic compounds to impart betterment to public health as all the strains under present study have been proved safe as well as highly effective probiotic candidates.ThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL STUDIES ON YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERISTIC OF ROSE (Rosa hybrida L.)(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-11) THAKUR, SHIVANI; CHANDEL, ASHUABSTRACT The present study titled “Statistical studies on yield attributing characteristic of Rose (Rosa hybrida L.)” was undertaken in the department of Basic Sciences, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni- Solan 173230 (H.P.) during the year 2019-2020. Secondary data on 12 cultivars with ten characters viz. plant spread (cm), leaf length (cm), number of days taken to flower harvesting stage, stem length (cm), number of petals per flower, petal length (cm), petal width (cm), flower diameter (cm), flower yield (/ m) and vase life (days) for four flushes were taken from the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture. Discriminant analysis were accomplished for classifying the cultivars into high yielder and low yielder cultivars. Eberhart and Russel stability model was applied to identify the stable cultivars among high yielder cultivars. Significant Cultivar × Flush interaction suggested different performance of cultivars among different flushes. Taj Mahal cultivar was stable for plant spread, Gavanna cultivar for leaf length, First Red cultivar for number of days taken to flower harvesting stage, Hollywood and Taj Mahal for number of petals per flower, Gavanna for petal width and First Red and Gavanna for flower diameter. Gavanna was the most stable cultivar for commercially important characters viz. leaf length, petal width and flower diameter.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF PROMINENT CHEMOTYPES OF Valeriana jatamansi – A STATISTICAL APPROACH(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-10) MISHRA, NEHA; GUPTA, R KABSTRACT The secondary data on present study entitled “Identification of Prominent Chemotypes of Valeriana jatamansi – A Statistical Approach” was taken from the Department of forest products, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni- Solan 173230 (H.P.) on 46 chemotypes which were raised for four years from 2015 to 2018. Secondary data was based on the valepotriates viz valtrate, acevaltrate, didrovaltrate, IVHD valtrate extracted from the roots and the rhizomes of the 46 chemotypes. Discriminant analysis was performed to classify the chemotypes as high and low valepotriates content chemotype and Eberhart and Russell’s model was used for high valepotriates content chemotypes to identify stable chemotypes. Significant Chemotype×Environment interaction suggested performance of chemotypes varied over different years. The chemotypes D/B/10, U/B/1, A/B/31, D/B/5, D/B/16, A/B/31, A/F/38 and A/B/42 were found to be the stable chemotypes with respect to the different valepotriates extracted from the rhizomes. The chemotypes A/F/36, D/B/13, D/F/19, A/B/7, A/B/31, D/B/16, D/F/9 and A/F/10 were found to be the stable chemotypes with respect to different valepotriates extracted from the roots. Among these stable chemotypes A/B/31, D/B/16, A/F/36 and D/F/19 were found to be most stable chemotypes for different valepotriates content extracted from the roots and the rhizomes. t- test was applied to compare the significance of difference between mean valepotriate content extracted from the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi. Diene type valepotriate and valtrate content were more in the roots whereas mono-ene type, didrovaltrate and IVHD valtrate were more in the rhizomesThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL MODEL FOR FORECASTING OF AREA AND PRODUCTION OF GARDEN PEA AND CAULIFLOWER IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-08) BHARATH, J P V; CHANDEL, ASHUABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Statistical model for forecasting of area and production of Garden Pea and Cauliflower in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out on the time series data from 1996- 2016 (21 years including 2016). Time series data was collected from Directorate of Agriculture, Shimla. Regression analysis was carried out using linear and non linear model. Also autoregressive models were fitted based on the significance of autocorrelation coefficient. Adjusted-R square ( ), root mean square error (RMSE), Theil’s U statistic and F-chow statistic were used for selection of model. Quadratic model was found best fit for the estimation of area and production of garden pea. Cubic model was found best fit for prediction of area and production of cauliflower. ARIMA models were fitted for the time series data. Series was stationarized by double differencing of the data. Significant spikes in ACF and PACF plots were used to identify the number of moving average and autoregressive terms in the time series data. Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), RMSE, mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and Ljung-Box coefficient were used to select the best model. ARIMA (2, 2, 0) was found best fit for estimation of both area and production of garden pea. ARIMA (1, 2, 1) and ARIMA (0, 2, 1) were found best fit for estimation of area and production of cauliflower respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL MODEL FOR FORECASTING THE MILK YIELD(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-09) THAKUR, RAHUL; CHANDEL, ASHUABSTRACT The secondary data on present investigation entitled “Statistical model for forecasting the milk yield” was collected using software Indian Stat (Socio-Economic Statistical Information about India). Secondary data on milk yield for cattle (Cow, Buffalo, Goat and total livestock) from 1993 to 2014 (22 years) of Himachal Pradesh were selected for the purpose. The data were subjected to regression analysis using different linear and nonlinear models in order to predict the milk yield of cattle and trend value of milk yield. Different models fitted were Linear, Quadratic, Cubic and Compound models to predict the milk yield. Also autoregressive models were fitted based on the significance of autocorrelation coefficient. , RMSE, Theil’s U statistic and F-chow statistic were used for selection of model. Quadratic model was found best fit for milk production of cow whereas cubic model was found best fit for the estimation of production of milk of goat, buffalo and total livestock.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF STABLE CULTIVARS OF LILIUM (Lilium sp.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-09) SHARMA, ADITI; GUPTA, R KABSTRACT The secondary data on present study entitled “Identification of stable cultivars of Lilium (Lilium sp.)” was taken from the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni- Solan 173230 (H.P.) on 18 cultivars of Lilium and the experiment was conducted in Randomised Block Design at Solan and Kullu districts for two years 2016 and 2017. Discriminant analysis was performed to classify the cultivars as high and low yielder genotypes and Eberhart and Russell’s model was used for high yielder genotypes to identify stable genotypes. Principal Component Analysis was used to ascertain new variables, called principal components, which carry most of the information present in the original variable. Out of 18 genotypes 8 were high yielder whereas 10 were low yielder genotypes. Among these stable genotypes Yelloween and Eyeliner were found to be most stable genotypes and then Brunello. Eberhart and Russell’s Model divulged that genotype Yelloween was stable for bulb sprout emergence, Brunello and Eyeliner were stable for bulb diameter, Prato was stable for number of bulblets per plant, Eyeliner and Celesta were stable for stem diameter, Salmon Classic for leaf width, Elite and Yelloween for days to first flower formation, Brunello for duration of flowering, Eyeliner for number of flowers per plant, Pollyana for bud formation duration and Yelloween for bud length. Five of twenty principal components had eigen values greater than unity and therefore these five principal components are playing pivotal role in the analysis.ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF KERATINASES FROM Bacillus cereus N14 AND Bacillus halotolerans L2EN1 OBTAINED FROM POULTRY FARMS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-09) CHAUHAN, AISHWARYA; SUNITA, DEVIABSTRACT To enhance the keratinolytic potential of two bacterial strains viz., Bacillus cereus N14 and Bacillus halotolerans, isolated from poultry farms of Nahan and Sundernagar (Himachal Pradesh), respectively, different process parameters like temperature, pH, incubation time, inoculum size, inoculum age etc. were optimized using One Variable at a Time (OVAT) approach and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Bacillus cereus N14 showed maximum enzyme activity (19.5 U/mL) after 3rd day of incubation at 35°C, pH 9.0, 12.5 (%) of inoculum size using 3 days old culture and 2.5 and 2.0 per cent of maltose and yeast extract as best carbon and nitrogen source, respectively in the presence of Mn2+ as divalent metal ion and EDTA as best media additive. Whereas, in case of Bacillus halotolerans L2EN1, maximum enzyme activity (26.57 U/mL) was attained after 3rd day of incubation at 45°C, pH 11.0, 12.5 (%) of inoculum size using 3 days old culture and 1.5 and 2.0 per cent of sucrose and yeast extract as best carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively in the presence of Mn2+ as divalent metal ion and EDTA as best media additive. Central composite design (CCD) of RSM was successfully applied to investigate the effect of 5 independent variables viz., incubation time (days), inoculums size (%), inoculum age (days), concentration of carbon and nitrogen source (%) on keratinase production. The maximum enzyme activity (74.86 U/mL) was attained by the B. cereus N14 at 22nd run whereas, B. halotolerans showed the maximum enzyme activity (65.50 U/mL) at 24th run. Partial purification results reveal that 30-40 per cent ammonium sulphate precipitation cut was best for maximum keratinase production (125.3 Ug/ml) by Bacillus cereus N14. While, 90-100 per cent ammonium sulphate concentration was found to be ideal for Bacillus halotolerans L2EN1 (22.6 Ug/ml). The molecular weights of crude keratinases from B. cereus N14 and B. halotolerans L2EN1 were determined through SDS-PAGE. In both the strains, keratinases were observed to be heterotetramers made up of four polypeptide chains with different molecular weight i.e 30, 37, 70, 75 kDa in B. cereus N14 while, 17, 37, 40 and 60 kDa in B. halotolerans L2EN1. To assess the ability of these keratinases as laundry additives, their compatibility with commercial detergents namely Tide, Reshma, Speed, Ariel and Surf excel was examined The crude keratinase from B. cereus N14, retained its maximum activity (99.33%) in the presence of Reshma followed by Speed (94.14%), Tide (77.78%), Ariel (71.38%) and Surf excel (60.47%). Similarly, in case of B. halotolerans L2EN1, keratinase retained its maximum activity (97.77%) in the presence of Reshma followed by Speed (93.44%), Tide (79.93%), Ariel (70.18%) and Surf excel (67.98%) at 50°C after 1h of incubation hence keratinases in different combinations with the commercial detergent Reshma were tried to analyze their wash performances. In both the strains, washing with tap water at room temperature (18°C), 28, 35 and 45°C for 30, 45 and 60 min removed some amount of blood stains from the cotton cloth pieces. However, replacement of detergent’s enzyme(s) with crude keratinases achieved complete blood stain removal under same conditions, suggesting their suitability as potential cleaning agents (additives) in detergents for the removal of proteinaceous (blood) stains for long washing cycles (1 h).ThesisItem Open Access MULTIVARIATE STUDIES ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF Pinus roxburghii IN MID HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-07) VERMA, SHRUTI; MAHAJAN, P KABSTRACT The data on present statistical investigation entitled “Multivariate studies on growth characteristics of Pinus roxburghii in mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh” was collected from the Department of “ Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources”, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni (Solan), Himachal Pradesh during the year 2018. Twenty families were randomly selected from sixty families planted in University Research Farm. The maximum total biomass was observed in family Kopra t2 which was statistically at par with family Mansa mallon and Mansoo t5. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were high for E.W crown spread (36.38%), N.S crown spread (22.84%), crown height (20.57%) and the genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) were high for E.W crown spread (30.68%), crown height (20.57%). Eleven families were grouped in cluster III followed by six families in cluster IV, two families in Cluster II and one family in cluster I. Maximum number of families were accommodated in cluster III. Seven out of twenty factors explained 20.27%, 16.26%, 11.65%, 11.56%, 9.13%, 6.18% and 5.69% variation and together they account for 80.71% of total variation. High heritability were estimated for needle length (99.99%), moisture content (99.98%), diameter at breast height (99.98%), crown height (99.97%), crown length (99.96%), number of stomata (99.96%), tree height (99.94%), tracheid length (99.66%), needle thickness (99.56%), bark thickness (99.37%), girth of cone from contour (98.61%), wood specific gravity (97.38%) and length of cone (77.06%) and and genetic advance for bole biomass (13.11%) and total biomass (11.77%). Hence these characters should be relied upon for selectionThesisItem Open Access FORECASTING OF THE AREA AND PRODUCTION OF KIWI AND PEAR IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-07) SHARMA, CHANDAN; CHANDEL, ASHUFORECASTING OF THE AREA AND PRODUCTION OF KIWI AND PEAR IN HIMACHAL PRADESH ABSTRACT The trend estimation in area and production of pear and kiwi fruit in Himachal Pradesh was carried out in this study. 22 years of data, from 1996 to 2017 was collected. Data were subjected to various regression models viz. linear, quadratic, compound and power model. We also examined autoregressive models for prediction. Auto regressive models up to third order were fitted and the best fitted models were used for prediction. When we studied area and production, time was taken as an independent variable in both the cases. Their standard error, t-statistic, R-square, Adjusted R-square and RMSE were also calculated and used as an indices to select the appropriate model. The best fitted models were selected for the area and production. Estimation of area under pear cultivation showed that quadratic model out of the four models was best fitted. First order auto regressive model was well fitted for area under pear cultivation. Power model and third order autoregressive model was well fitted for production of pear. Quadratic model and first order auto-regressive model which showed significant coefficients along with good Adjusted R-square value was found to be better and appropriate for prediction. The appropriate model for prediction of kiwi fruit production was found to be power model and selected model was second order autoregressive model for prediction