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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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20196
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Subject: Basic Sciences × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In vitro regeneration,Trillium govanianum, Rhizome, Lateral bud, Mini rhizome, Medicinal herb
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) SHARMA, PRIYANKA; CHAUHAN, ANJALI
    ABSTRACT Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) belongs to family Caryophyllaceae and is native of the Mediterranean region. It is one of the most popular and commercially important cut flower. The commercial production of carnation is due to its excellent keeping quality, broad range of colors, shapes, size and fragrance, potential to withstand long distance transportation. Presently, in order to obtain excellent quality of cut flower throughout the year, nutrients viz., N P K are supplied through chemical fertilizer. Excessive and indiscriminate use of these chemical fertilizers not only affects soil health and environment but also pose extra debt on farmer’s pocket. Therefore, there is a need to standardize the optimum dose of nutrition by balancing organic and inorganic fertilizers which proves out to be good for soil health and environment. So, the present investigations were undertaken to isolate potential endophytic bacterial isolates from roots of carnation plants and their characterization for efficient plant growth promoting traits. A total of 97 endophytic bacteria were isolated from the root samples of carnation. Out of 97 isolates, 52 isolates were P- solubilizers and siderophore producers and 50 were IAA producers. Finally, from the total only two best endophytic bacterial isolates SR-1 and NH-3 were selected for polyhouse trial, on the basis of P-solubilization, siderophore production, IAA production , growth on nitrogen free media, antagonism against Fusarium oxysporium and Rhizoctonia solani, HCN production and lytic enzyme production and hence characterized morpho-biochemically and by 16S rDNA sequencing. The application of 75% NP +SR-1 and 75% NP + NH-3 not only registered the tremendous increase in all plant parameters but also increased the available NPK in soil. Thus, the endophytic bacterial isolates have enormous potential to act as a multifunctional biofertilizers, biostimulant and bioprotectant for carnation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIVERSITY OF ACTINOMYCETES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF Arnebia euchroma (Ratanjot): A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED PLANT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) SHARMA, POOJA; DEVI, SUNITA
    ABSTRACT Rhizospheric soil samples were collected from Nako and Chango in Kinnaur and, in Lahaul & Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh to decipher actinomycetes diversity in the rhizosphere of Arnebia euchroma (Ratanjot). Standard Plate Count technique was employed for the isolation of actinomycetes. In total, 33 isolates (15 from Nako, 7 from Chango, 16 from Gue and 5 from Kibber) were obtained. The actinomycetes load was found to be significantly higher at Chango (Log CFU/mL=1.44) followed by Nako (Log CFU/mL=1.40) and Gue (Log CFU/mL=1.38) while the minimum was recorded for Kibber (Log CFU/mL=1.33). Likewise, their significantly higher load was observed on SCA (Log CFU/mL=1.48) followed by AIA (Log CFU/mL=1.41), NA (Log CFU/mL=1.29) and KM (Log CFU/mL=0.88) proving SCA to be the best medium. With respect to their PGP potential, only 45.45 per cent of the total isolates showed phytase and siderophore production while 33.33 per cent showed P- solubilization qualitatively. Significantly higher Psolubilization(53.66 μg mL-1) was shown by NA8 while the minimum (6.44 μg mL-1) was recorded for SCAN1. However, the phytase activity was observed to be significantly higher (134.44 U/ml) for CA7 and minimum (15.33 U/ml) for NA10. Isolates SCAK5 and SCAN1 showed significantly higher (17.24% SU) and lower siderophore (5.46% SU)) production. All isolates exhibited nitrogen fixing ability while 66.66 and 3.03 percent of total isolates showed ammonia and HCN production, respectively. 84.84, 90.90, 96.96, 72.72 and 42.42 percent of the isolates exhibited pectinase, chitinase, cellulase, lipase and protease activities, respectively. Isolates NA6 and CA1 showed significantly higher (6.81 U/mL) and lower (0.42U/mL) chitinase activities, respectively. Maximum cellulase activity (31.21 U/mL) was shown by NA5 while the minimum (24.18 U/mL) was observed for GA6. Isolates NA7 and NA10 showed significantly higher (28.13 U/mL) and lower (1.22 U/mL) protease activities, respectively. Isolates NA6 and GA6 showed significantly higher (48.33U/mL) and lower (1.60 U/mL) pectinase activities, respectively. Only NA5 exhibited maximum lipase activity (2040 IU/mL). Maximum IAA production was shown by NA10 (44.52 µg/ml) while minimum (11.55 µg/ml) by NA3. However, maximum gibberellins production (40.60 µg/ml) was shown by NA7 while the minimum (4.52 µg/ml) was recorded for KMN2. Isolates CA5 and GA2 showed maximum (34.0 µg/ml) and minimum (15.0 µg/ml) cytokinins production, respectively. Eight potential isolates exhibited reasonable antagonism towards Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani ranging between 26.20 - 41.4 per cent. Likewise, volatile metabolites released by actinomycetes inhibited their growth ranging between 21.87 - 44.44 per cent. Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, two potential isolates i.e. CA7 and NA8 out of 9 were identified as Streptomyces silaceus and Streptomyces rectiviolaceus and were assigned GenBank accession numbers MK836019 and MK836018, respectively. Evaluation of growth regulator’s effect of CA7 and NA8 on root elongation revealed a significant increase in root length of pre-germinated seeds of maize and pea over the control. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis showed the presence of ββ-dimethylacrylshikonin (0.145 %), Deoxy-shikonin (0.098 %) and Shikonin (0.011%) pigments in the roots ofA. euchroma.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF MICROFLORA OF POPULAR FERMENTED FOODS AND BEVERAGES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION AS PROBIOTICS
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) SOOD, DIKSHA; SHARMA, NIVEDITA
    ABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to isolate the potential fermenting microorganisms from the traditional fermented foods and beverages of Himachal Pradesh, their identification, antagonistic spectrum, diversity index, beverages t, evaluation of probiotic attributes and development of starter cultures for different fermented foods. Morphological and biochemical characterization of all the bacterial and yeast isolates was done. All the isolates were screened by bit/disc method on the basis of antagonistic spectrum against tested pathogens. 15 bacterial isolates were selected for genotypic identification using 16S rRNA technique and all the isolates belong to lactic acid bacteria family. 3 isolates mainly Lactobacillus koreenis KM10, Lactobacillus suebicus SM3 and Lactobacillus zeae SM5 were selected for evaluating their probiotic potential viz., acid and bile tolerance, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity and cholesterol lowering property. All the three screened isolates showed high acid tolerance with 93.71 to 99.02% survival rate at pH 3 after 3h of incubation. These three isolates were able to tolerate bile salt concentration of 2% after 4h of incubation with 95.18 to 88.68 % cell survival rates. All three isolates i.e. Lactobacillus koreenis KM10, Lactobacillus suebicus SM3 and Lactobacillus zeae SM5showed good aggregation percentage i.e. greater than 40% after 5h of incubation i.e. 98.6, 99.2 and 99.9 % respectively and strong hydrophobicity was shown towards xylene i.e. >40%. All the isolates showed maximum co-aggregation with Bacillus cereus and minimum with Listeria monocytogens. The maximum antioxidant activity was shown by Lactobacillus koreenis KM10 i.e. 57.91% and minimum was shown by Lactobacillus suebicus SM3 i.e. 46.47% whereas the maximum cholesterol lowering property was shown byLactobacillus koreenisKM10 and minimum was shown by Lactobacillus zeae SM5. The starter cultures of different sizes were prepared and evaluated for retention of microbial colonies and small sized starter culture was found best for the retention of microflora. The phab prepared in the laboratory was compare with the conventional phab and to prove the validity of the starter culture, traditional alcoholic beverage chhang of Lahaul and Spiti is prepared. The fingerprinting of chhang was done using GC-MS and HPLC technique to identify the compounds present in it.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF POTENTIAL LIGNOCELLULOLYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM HIMALAYAN FORESTS AND TO ASSESS THEIR ROLE IN PINE NEEDLE DEGRADATION
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) DIMPLE; SHARMA, NIVEDITA
    ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to isolate lignocellulolytic fungi from the rotten wood of Himachal Pradesh (i.e. Solan, Shimla, Sirmour, Kangra and Chamba), their screening and optimization of laccase, cellulase and xylanase production. Among all the fungal isolates, R4, S5, SH2 and SH5 fungal strain were selected for enzyme production under submerged fermentation. The phenotypic characterization was done for their tentative identification i.e. Trichoderma sp. R4, Trichoderma sp. S5, Trichoderma sp. SH2 and Rhizopus sp. SH5. The molecular identification was done by using ITS 5.8S rRNA technique and S5 was identified as Trichoderma guizhouense |MN17050|. The extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production from these potential identified fungal strain was then subjected to solid state fermentation by optimizing the different environmental parameters i.e. temperature, substrate: moisture ratio, incubation time and pH using pine needles biomass as substrate under classical one factor approach. An enhanced production with laccase (6.45U/g), cellulase (37.20U/g) and xylanase (380 U/g) activity was obtained by Trichoderma sp. R4. Optimization process was then switched over to response surface methodology (RSM) and maximum enzyme production of Trichoderma sp. R4 in RSM with four responses i.e. laccase (6.90U/g), cellulase (37.86U/g), xylanase (398 U/g) and reducing sugar (47.98mg/g) was obtained. Highest production of enzymes activity was observed in pine needles biomass and Trichoderma sp. R4. had been used for further purification process. The culture filterate was subsequently partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation at 40% saturation level of laccase, 40% CMCase, 60% FPase, 50% β-glucosidase and 70% xylanase with purification fold of 3.06 (laccase), 2.20 (cellulase) and 1.59 (xylanase) with 82.94, 62.43 and 63.24 % recovery yield respectively. Gel exclusion chromatography was done for purification of hydrolytic enzymes with 5.36, 5.51 and 6.33 purification fold and 45.77, 61.33 and 60.23 % recovery yield for laccase, cellulase and xylanase respectively. The molecular mass of purified laccase (40.0kDa), cellulase – CMCase (45.0kDa), FPase (31.0kDa), β-glucosidase (29.0kDa) and xylanase (65.0kDa) was obtained by using SDS-PAGE. The maximum enzymatic degradation of pine needles was obtained in purified fractions of enzymes of Trichoderma sp. R4 with a release of 76.75 mg/g reducing sugars. The present study strongly proves the success of optimization of different parameters for enhancement in level of enzyme i.e. laccase, cellulase, xylanase and degradation of pine needles with a cost-effective approach of enzyme production using a cheap and abundant pine needle waste as a carbon source.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STATISTICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERISTICS OF Punica granatum
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-10) KUMAR, PAWAN; GUPTA, R K
    ABSTRACT The secondary data for the present study “ Statistical investigation on yield attributing characteristics of Punica granatum” were collected from the Department of “ Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources”, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni , Solan, Himachal Pradesh.Data on different morphological and seedling characters, namely tree height (m), tree diameter (cm), crown spread E-W (m), crown spread N-S (m), fruit weight (g), leaf length(cm), internodal length(cm), collar diameter (mm), number of branches per plant and leaf petiole (cm) were considered from five different districts. Two locations were considered from each district viz; Narag and Neripul from Sirmour district, Waknaghat and Sadhupul from Solan district, Sundernagar and Rewalsar from Mandi district, Mohal and Banjar from Kullu district, Basantpur and Sunni from Shimla district. Different morphological and seedling characteristics of ten seed sources were evaluated by contrast analysis, which varied significantly among the different districts and within the districts. It is concluded that tree diameter (cm), crown spread E-W (m) and crown spread N-S (m) was found maximum in Solan district and minimum in Shimla district, whereas collar diameter (mm), leaf length (cm) and number of branches per plant was found maximum in Mandi district and Minimum in Shimla district. Tree height (m) and Leaf petiole (cm) was recorded maximum in Kullu and Sirmour district and minimum in Shimla district, whereas fruit weight (g) and internodal length (cm) was found maximum in Mandi district and minimum in Solan and Sirmour district. Cluster analysis was performed and the seed sources were grouped into three clusters. Discriminant analysis was carried out to categorise the seed sources into high and low yielders. Tree diameter, Tree height and crown spread E-W are the most important characters that discriminate the two groups. Six seed sources from Mandi, Kullu and Shimla district were high yielder whereas other four seed sources were lowyielder. Three principal components (PCS) were extracted out of ten which explained 34.675, 23.002, and 11.587 per cent of the total variation respectively amounting to 69.26 per cent of total variation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ESTIMATION OF TRENDS IN AREA AND PRODUCTION OF CAPSICUM AND TOMATO IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-10) BALA, INDU; CHANDEL, ASHU
    ABSTRACT The statistical investigation entitled “Estimation of trends in area and production of capsicum and tomato in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out using secondary time series data on area and production of Capsicum annum and tomato for last 23 years from 1996 to 2018. Different prediction models viz. linear, quadratic, compound, power and autoregressive models were tried forecast the area and production of both the crops. SignificantR , lowest RMSE, lowest Theil’s U statistic and non-significant F value (Chow test) were the selection criteria for a model. Autoregressive model of first order was found suitable to predict the area under Capsicum annum, while the quadratic model was best fit to Capsicum annum production in Himachal Pradesh. Power model was the best fitted model to predict the Capsicum annum production on the basis of area. In case of tomato, the second order autoregressive model was the most suitable to give an advanced estimate of area. The quadratic model was best fit to predict tomato production for a given year. Considering the production as a function of area, compound model was selected as the best fit model. An increase in productivity in both the crops was detected during the studied period.