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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access Socio-economic Survey of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Dehra Tehsil of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2023-05-20) Mangesh,Shelar Rushikesh; Gupta, AtulThe present investigation entitled “Socio-economic Survey of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Dehra Tehsil of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the year 2021-22 with the aim to identify agroforestry system types; estimate their biological yield and economic returns; technological gaps and thereby propose suitable agroforestry solutions. Thirteen gram-panchayats were chosen and from each panchayat, twelve farmers and from each category four farmers were divided on the basis of their land holding viz. marginal category (< 1ha), small category (1-2 ha) and medium category (2-4ha). Data was collected through field sampling and personal interviews. The study revealed that five different agroforestry systems were practiced by the farmers in the study area namely; Agri-silviculture (AS), Agri-horticulture (AH), Agri-silvi- horticulture (ASH), Agri-silvi-pastoral (ASP) and Pastoralsilviculture (PS) were identified. In medium and small category of farmers all five agroforestry systems were present while, in marginal category of farmers pastoralsilviculture system was absent. The average family size of sampled households was 4.66 person per household. The literacy rate was recorded highest (89.22%) in medium category of farmers. Wheat, potato, garlic, cauliflower and cabbage were rabi crops, whereas maize, colocassia, tomato, ginger and turmeric were crops of kharif season. Prominent tree components in agroforestry systems were Acacia catechu, Grewia optiva, Celtis australis, Pinus roxburghii , Bauhinia variegata, Toona ciliata, Morusalba, Ficus roxburghii, Ficus palmata and Albizia lebbeck found in pastureland and along the bunds of agriculture fields, whereas fruit trees of Mangifera indica, Morus alba, Litchi chinensis, Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, Citrus limon and Punica granatum were retained on and around the bunds of the agriculture field. In pasture, the dominant grass species observed were as follows: Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setiger, Themada anathera, Panicum maximum and Setaria sphacelata. Irrespective of farmers categories, the highest grand total biomass (25.11 t/ha) was observed in agri-silvi-horticulture system (ASH) and lowest (12.18 t/ha) in pastoralsilviculture system (PS). Among all the category of farmers the maximum net returns (1,22,024 Rs/ha/yr) was reported from agri-silvi-horticulture (AHS) and least (62,977 Rs. /ha/yr) from Agri-silvi-pastoral system. Technological gaps identifying the socio-economic and other constraints have highlighted the inherent weakness of existing AFS types. The most prominent among these constraints includes disproportionate applications of insecticides/pesticides and fertilizers, occurrence of fragmented landholdings, communication gap between lab to land, ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro- processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions etc. From the above study it is concluded that ASH system type was found to be the best for economic point of view as well as more profitable by providing maximum BC ratio.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-economic appraisal of existing agroforestry systems in Jawalmukhi tehsil of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2023-04-03) Sharma, Anmol; Guleria, VipanThe present investigation, entitled "Bio-economic appraisal of existing agroforestry systems in Jawalamukhi tehsil of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh", was carried out during the years 2021–22 in Jawalamukhi tehsil of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. The coordinates of Tehsil lie between 31⁰87'56" N latitude and 76⁰32'43" E longitude. To study the socioeconomic status and vegetation composition of the land-use systems, sixteen panchayats were chosen, and from each panchayat, two villages were selected. In each village, farmers were divided into three different categories on the basis of their land holdings, i.e., marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2–5 ha), and a random sample of three farmers from each category was taken as the ultimate unit of study. The relevant information about the study was collected through a prestructured schedule through personal interviews with the heads of each household and visits to the fields of the farmers. The socioeconomic status of farmers has been analyzed, taking into consideration their average family structure, sex-ratio, educational status of the head of households, literacy rate of families, livestock status, off-farm employment status, and land holding size. The study revealed that five agroforestry system types were prevalent among different categories of farmers in the study area, viz., AS, ASH, AH, ASP, and SP. The most predominant agroforestry system was AS, followed by ASH. The functional units recorded under different agroforestry system types in the study area under the agriculture component were wheat, maize, mustard, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, potato, garlic, turmeric, and arbi etc. The functional units under the Silviculture component were Beul, Tooni, Shisham, Mulberry, Subabool, Kachnar, Chir Pine, Khair, etc. For the horticulture component, Mango, Orange, Jamun, Guava, Litchi, and Citrus, etc. were recorded. whereas, for grass species, Elephant Grass, Setaria, Nut Grass, and Natural Grasses, etc. were recorded. Total biological yield among all existing agroforestry system types was found to be highest (26.78 t ha-1) under the agrisilviculture system and lowest (18.38 t ha-1) in the agrisilvipastoral system. Irrespective of farmer’s categories, maximum net return (1,27,750 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) was obtained from the agrisilviculture system, followed by the agrihorticulture system (1,26,565 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) and the agrisilvihorticulture system (1,27,750 Rs. ha-1 yr-1) respectively. The technological gaps and constraints viz. social, technological, and infrastructural such as disproportionate applications of insecticides, pesticides, and fertilizers; fragmented landholdings; wild/stray animals; lack of efficient marketing channels; communication gaps between lab and land; and ineffective implementation of government-sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities were observed in the study area to point out the inherent limitations of existing agroforestry systems. As a result, improved land-use strategies should be implemented in order to boost the productivity of the area under cultivation with the aid of contemporary scientific inputs and the sustainable usage of resources, so that educated people may also pursue a career in agroforestry farming. As a result, this research work represents a clear picture of biomass and economic analysis of existing agroforestry systems and will assist students, researchers, and policymakers in understanding the agroforestry systems of the study area in order to improve and develop technologies that will assist local farmers in fulfilling basic needs and overcoming existing constraints.ThesisItem Open Access Diagnostic Survey of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Chamba Tehsil of District Chamba , Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2023-02-22) Jamwal, Shubham; Thakur, Kehar SinghThe present study entitled “Diagnostic Survey of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Chamba Tehsil ofDistrict Chamba , Himachal Pradesh” was carried out during the year 2021-22. The tehsil is located betweenLatitude: 32° 33' 19.12" N Longitude: 76° 07' 35.29" E. The aim was to identify agroforestry system types; estimate their biological yield and economic returns; technological gaps and thereby propose suitable agroforestry solutions.. Twelve Gram Panchayat were choosen and a representative sample of two villages were selected from each panchayat and from each village a sample of nine farmers was selected and categorized as marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5 ha) on the basis of the land holding. The data was collected through pre-structured schedule for the purpose through personal interviews with head of the each household and visit to the fields. The study revealed that average family size of sampled households was 4.61 person per household. The literacy rate was recorded highest (88.09%) in marginal category of farmers. Seven agroforestry systems types were prevalent among different categories of farmers in the study area viz., AS, ASP, ASH, AHS, AHP, AH and PS. The most predominant AFS was AS, followed by ASH. The functional units recorded under different agroforestry system types in the study area under agriculture component were Wheat, Maize, Mustard, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Tomato, Potato, Lady finger, Brinjal, Capsicum, Green beans, Pea, Onion, Garlic and Rajmah. The functional units under Silviculture component were Beul, Tooni, Shisham, Drek, Kachnar, chir pine, Robinia etc. for horticulture component Apple, Plum, Apricot, Mango etc. were recorded. Whereas, for grass species Setaria, Cynodon dactylon, , Megathyrsus maximus and natural grasses were recorded. Among all the existing agroforestry systems, irrespective of the farmer’s category the highest biological yield and net returns were recorded under Agrisilvihorticulture System i.e. 26.42t/ha and Agrihorticulture with 2,28,334Rs./ha/yr., respectively. While, the lowest biological yield and net returns were recorded under pastoralsilviculture (PS) system i.e. 9.82t/ha and 3,749 Rs./ha/yr., respectively. Some of the constraints discovered in the study area included fragmented landholdings, a lack of irrigation facilities, a lack of awareness about high yielding variety seeds of crops, a lack of market and promising agroforestry tree species, a communication gap between lab and land, and ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefit of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location-specific diagnostic surveys, improving agro-processing facilities, voluntarily adopting some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions, and opening government-authorized sale centres in accessible locations, among other things.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under Different Agroforestry Systems(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2023-01-02) Kritika; Sharma, KamalThe present investigations entitled “Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under different Agroforestry Systems” were carried out during the year 2021 at agricultural farm of Sh. Amarnath (farmer), village Berad, near Kangoo, Hamirpur (HP). The main purpose of the research was to evaluate the effect of different tree species viz., Harar, Aonla and Soapnut on growth and yield parameters of Sesame. Besides growth parameters, carbon sequestration potential, economic feasibility and soil analysis for physico-bio-chemical properties was also done. The first experiment namely; assessment of growth and yield of Sesame under different agroforestry systems was laid out in Randomized Block Design having four treatment combinations (S0 - Sole Sesame, S1 – Harar + Sesame, S2 – Aonla + Sesame, S3 - Soapnut + Sesame) and five replications. The second experiment was also conducted under Randomized Block Design having seven treatment combinations viz., T1 – Sole Sesame, T2 – Harar, T3 – Aonla, T4 – Soapnut, T5 – Harar + Sesame, T6 – Aonla + Sesame and T7 – Soapnut + Sesame with three replications in order to estimate carbon sequestration potential, economic feasibility and soil properties under different land uses. Results revealed that tree component had positive impact on growth and yield of agricultural crop. Out of all physico-chemical properties; Bulk Density, Particle Density and Porosity remained unaffected under different land use systems however, Soil Moisture Content, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Organic Carbon were found affected significantly. It was observed that nutrient N, P and K contents of the soil were generally higher under agroforestry systems over sole cropping. Biological properties viz., microbial biomass and enzymatic activities (phosphatase, catalase and dehydrogenase) were also higher under tree-crop combinations. However, it was observed that with the increasing soil depth from 0-15 cm to 15-30 cm soil Bulk Density, Particle Density and Moisture Content increased whereas other soil parameters decreased. Among all tree-crop combinations, the highest total biomass (68.31 t per ha) and carbon stock (34.16 t per ha) was recorded for Soapnut + Sesame and the lowest for sole Sesame. From economics point of view, the maximum gross returns were realized for Soapnut + Sesame (Rs. 2,71,400.00 per ha) closely followed by Harar + Sesame (Rs. 2,54,935.00 per ha). However, it was noticed that Harar + Sesame based agroforestry system had highest benefit ratio (2.36). Overall, it was concluded that tree-crop combinations are sustainable as compare to monocropping. Among different land uses, Harar + Sesame proved to be the superior combination. Farmers should adopt this combination (Harar + Sesame) under similar agro-ecological conditions for higher economic returns.ThesisItem Open Access Diagnostic Survey of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Bharmour Tehsil of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2023-02-21) Dhiman, Bhavnesh; Thakur, Kehar SinghThe present investigation entitled “Diagnostic Survey of Existing Agroforestry Systems in Bharmour Tehsil of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh” was carried out during the year 2021-22 in Bharmour Tehsil of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh. Bharmour Tehsil is located between 32º11’N to 32º41’N Latitude and 76º22’E to 76º53’E longitude. Study site was selected through multi-stage random sampling technique in which Ten Gram Panchayats were chosen and from each panchayat two villages were selected. In each village Farmers were divided into three different categories on the basis of their land holdings i.e. marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5 ha) as per the classification of government of Himachal Pradesh. Nine farmers were selected from each village which included three farmers from each category i.e. Marginal, small and medium were taken as ultimate unit of study. Information about the different parameters ie. family structure, demographic features, animal husbandry practices, livestock status, household income , land utilization pattern, agriculture production and tree inventory from various agroforestry systems was collected through personal interviews with head of the households and field visits.The study revealed that six agroforestry system types prevalent among different categories of farmers viz. AS, AH, AHS, SP, HP and ASP.The functional units under different agroforestry systems are as follows: major agriculture component were Wheat, Maize, Barley, Kidney bean, Pea, Potato, Tomato, Okra, Mustard, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Capsicum, Garlic and Brinjal while major horticulture components were Apple, Walnut, Khumani, Peach and Pear while major silviculture components were Tosh, Deodar, Chir pine, Kail pine, Ban oak, Moru oak and Black locust. The pastoral component were Setaria grass, Bari jhaan grass, Angleton grass, Marvel grass, Spear grass and Makhan grass. Among all the agroforestry systems with respect to total biomass production, maximum total biomass production was reported in AS (23.27 t ha־¹ yr־¹) while lowest in HP (4.94 t ha־¹ yr־¹) irrespective of farmer categories. Maximum net return was indicated highest in HP (361278 Rs. ha־¹ yr־¹) and lowest in SP (27071 Rs. ha־¹ yr־¹) irrespective of farmer categories. Lack of better quality roads and transport infrastructure, lack of irrigation facility, fragmented landholdings, inadequate agricultural research and extension support services, use of local seeds, Communication gap between lab to land, lack of effective marketing channels are some of the constraints observed in study area. Both the government and local administrative entities should focus their attention on the constraints/gaps reported in study area. To better understand farmers and encourage their successful adoption of agroforestry models, agroforestry models should be exhibited to farmers while taking into consideration the social and technical aspects.ThesisItem Open Access Productivity and Carbon Storage in Prevailing Agroforestry Systems in Jogindernagar Tehsil of Mandi District (HP)(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2023-01-05) Sharma, Ananya; Sharma, Som DevThe study entitled “Productivity and Carbon Storage in Prevailing Agroforestry Systems in Jogindernagar Tehsil of Mandi District (HP)” was conducted during the year 2021-2022 with the aim to identify existing agroforestry systems, estimation of their biological yield and carbon storage potential and bio-economic returns. The study site was selected by multistage random sampling technique in which ten- gram panchayats were chosen for survey (viz., Chauntra, Sainthal, Pipli, Passal, Sagnehr, JimJima, Bihun, Balh, Harabagh, Galu). From each selected panchayat as per classification of Government of Himachal Pradesh, farmers were divided into three different categories on the basis of their land holdings i.e. marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5ha) and a random sample of four farmers from each category was taken as ultimate unit of study. Forty farmers were falling in each category of farmers. The data was collected through pre-tested schedule for the purpose of personal interviews with the head of each household in the study area. Socio- economic status of farmers has been evaluated taking into account their family structure, educational status, status of off-farm employment, livestock status and land holding size. The average family size of sampled households was 5.59 individuals per family and literacy rate was recorded as 91.07 per cent which was higher than the overall literacy rate (82.80%) of Himachal Pradesh. The study revealed that six agroforestry systems were identified among different categories of farmers namely: Agrisilviculture (AS), Agrisilvihorticulture (ASH), Agrihorticulture (AH), Agrisilvipastoral (ASP), Pastoralsilviculture (PS) and Pastoralhorticulture (PH). Rice, maize, soyabean, tomato, brinjal, etc. were crops grown during kharif season and wheat, cauliflower, peas, mustard, onion, potato, etc. were grown during rabi season in the Jogindernagar Tehsil. From the above study it was concluded that among identified agroforestry systems, most predominant were agrisilviculture (AS) and agrisilvihorticulture (ASH) systems in the study area. The maximum total biomass production and total carbon storage potential among interaction between farmers category and agroforestry systems were recorded in ASH system as (23.42 t/ha) and (10.54 t/ha), respectively. The higher net returns (Rs 99,405/ha/yr) were observed in ASH system. Maximum benefit : cost ratio as 2.83 was recorded under AH system. Hence the study represents the clear picture of biomass, carbon and economic analysis of existing agroforestry system which will help the local peoples to fulfil their basic needs and the researchers to gain the benefit from the agroforestry.ThesisItem Open Access Appraisal of Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) - Soyabean (Glycine max L.) based agroforestry system in low hills of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-11-17) Sharma, Anchal; Sharma, KamalThe current research on “Appraisal of Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) - Soyabean (Glycine max L.) based agroforestry system in low hills of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in aonla orchard at Khaggal (Neri-II) Experimental Farm of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri - Hamirpur during the year 2020-21 under subtropical conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (02 Factorial) to determine the effect of aonla trees on growth and yield parameters of soyabean crop along with the soil properties in four directions (East, West, North and South) at three distances (1, 2 and 3 m) from trees. The quality parameters of soyabean were estimated at three distances (D1, D2 & D3) from the harar trees and in open grown crop (04 treatments). The treatments were replicated five times and data were analysed using Randomised Block Design. The agroforestry system was compared with the sole soyabean cropping system employing student’s t-test. The soil was also analyzed for the presence of allelochemicals before sowing and after harvesting soyabean under the agroforestry system and in open system. The results showed that the growth, yield and soil properties of intercropped soyabean increased with an increase in the distance of crop from aonla trees and showed significantly higher results at 3 m distance from trees as compared to the sole crop. Among directions, the best results were recorded in the east direction. The biochemical analysis revealed that the photosynthetic pigments (Total chlorophyll and carotenoids) of soyabean leaves were lower under harar as compare to sole cropping. The contents of total soluble protein and total carbohydrates were significantly higher in the seeds of soyabean crop raised underneath aonla over the sole crop. The improvement noticed in the soil properties under the agroforestry system after harvesting soyabean crop suggested sustainability of the system over time. Though different allelochemicals were detected in the soil under the agroforestry system yet it is unclear whether these have been released by aonla or some other plants as the literature survey revealed no association of these allelochemicals with aonla. Higher growth and yield of soyabean recorded under aonla may be due to other environmental factors like moisture, nutrients, microclimate etc. From economic perspective, higher gross returns (99941.67 Rs. ha-1) and benefit:cost ratio (2.24) were obtained for soyabean + aonla agroforestry system as compared to sole soyabean cropping. Overall, aonla + soyabean system revealed positive interactions between the components and higher profit hence, recommended for the farmers from ecological and economical perspective.ThesisItem Open Access “Effect of organic manures on biomass production of Andrographis paniculata under litchi-based agroforestry system”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-12-23) Khan, Aseem; Gupta, AtulThe present study entitled “Effect of organic manures on biomass production of Andrographis paniculata under litchi-based agroforestry system” was conducted to assess the production potential and compatibility of Andrographis paniculata under litchi at the Litchi-Mango Research Station, Nagrota Bagwan of Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during the year 2020. The findings of the present investigation revealed that the Andrographis paniculata grown under Litchi chinensis, reported higher growth and yield as compared to open field condition. On the other hand, irrespective of planting conditions, the treatment for the growth, biomass and yield of Andrographis paniculata. Moreover, the correlation between growth and yield were positive correlated at 1 per cent and 5 per cent level of significance. The correlation relationship between dry weight of shoot and total dry weight of plant (r2 = 0.995) revealed that they were highly positively correlated at 1 per cent level of significance. Soil properties viz., moisture content, available NPK, and OC were higher under agroforestry systems as compared to open field condition. The overall economic feasibility of the Litchi chinensis Andrographis paniculata based agroforestry system was higher as compared to sole cropping (C2). It is for the reason, Andrographis paniculata is recommended for intercropping under Litchi chinensis for assured income and sustainable development.ThesisItem Open Access “ Effect of tree spacing and fertilizer application on marigold under Mangifera indica based agroforestry system. ”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-23) Chauhan, Sahil; Guleria, VipanThe present investigation entitled “Effect of tree spacing and fertilizer application on marigold under Mangifera indica based agroforestry system.” was conducted at RHRTS, Jachh Distt. Kangra (H.P) during 2020-2021.with the objectives to study Effect of tree spacing and effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on marigold under Mangifera indica (Amarpali cultivar) based agroforestry system. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine organic manure doses viz. FYM 40 t/ha + Nitrogen 300 kg, FYM 40 t/ha +Nitrogen 400 kg, FYM 40 t/ha + Nitrogen 500kg, FYM 50t/ha + Nitrogen 300 kg, FYM 50 t/ha + Nitrogen 400 kg, FYM 50 t/ha + Nitrogen 500 kg, FYM 60 t/ha + Nitrogen 300 kg, FYM 60 t/ha + Nitrogen 400 kg, FYM 60 t/ha + Nitrogen 500 kg and control per tree Spacing and three tree spacing viz. 2×2 m2, 2.5×2.5 m2, 3×3 m2. The present study revealed that the maximum fruit yield, fruit size and branch wood biomass was recorded in 3×3 m2 spacing. Growth and flower production parameters of Marigold were suppressed under the close spacing. Whereas, flower parameters were recorded to be highest under the 3×3 m2 spacing of Mangifera indica ( cv-Amarpali). Under close spacing flowering was initiated 15-20 days earlier and had a prolonged duration of flowering. FYM and Nitrogen showed a remarkable effect on growth and flower production parameters on Marigold as compared to control. Among organic manure doses FYM 60 t/ha + Nitrogen 300 kg dose was found to be the best dose. Growth and flower production parameters of under crop were also found to be highest in 3×3 m2 tree spacing. However the overall net returns were found to be the maximum of 7.18 lakh ha-1 in 2 x 2 m2 tree spacing and FYM 40 t/ha +Nitrogen 400 kg dose to the marigold as under crop.Therefore integrating winter annual flower crop with Mangifer indica offers an excellent opportunity for diversification and more income generation than the monoculture. It will also open new vistas for the research to evaluate the performance of flower crop under tree canopy.