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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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20202
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Subject: Agricultural Economics × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FARMING SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF HILL FARMERS
    (NAUNI,UHF, 2020-12) SANJEEV KUMAR; SHARMA, RAVINDER
    ABSTRACT The present study has been carried out in the hills of Himachal Pradesh by selecting a sample of 240 farmers from all four agro-climatic zones of the State. Stratified random sampling technique was used for the selection of sampled households. The results revealed that average family size at overall level in the study area comprises of 5.39 persons, out of which, the proportion of males (52.24%) was higher than the female (48.09%) counterparts. The literacy rate was found to vary between 83.33 to 90.00 per cent among selected districts with overall literacy rate of 87.08 per cent. Agriculture has been found as the main occupation as 65.83 per cent of farmers at overall level were engaged in it. Average size of land holding was found maximum (1.35 ha) in Kinnaur district of Zone-IV followed by Mandi district of Zone-II (1.23 ha), Shimla district of Zone-III (1.17 ha) and Una district of Zone-I (1.07 ha). Overall, the average land holding of the sampled households was 1.21 hectare out of which only 47.93 per cent was irrigated. The gross cropped area was highest (2.08 ha) in Mandi district followed by Una (1.84 ha), Shimla (1.54 ha) and Kinnaur (1.33 ha) districts. The cropping intensity was highest in Una (194%) followed by Mandi (192%), Shimla (143%) and Kinnaur (110%) districts with overall cropping intensity of 157 per cent. The standard animal unit was highest (4.01) in Kinnaur district followed by Shimla (3.55), Mandi (3.27) and Una (2.95) districts. The farmers of the study area were practicing six major farming systems, viz., C+V+F+D, C+F+D, C+V+D, V+F+D, C+D and F+D at overall level. Among these farming systems, C+V+F+D and C+F+D farming systems were most profitable in Kinnaur district of Zone-IV with output-input ratio of 1.38 and 1.35, respectively. Further, C+V+D farming system was most profitable in Shimla district of Zone-III(1.18), whereas, the output-input ratio in case of C+D farming system was higher (1.16) in Una district of Zone-I. The output-input ratio under V+F+D and F+D farming systems was 1.33 and 1.28, respectively. The results related to input use pattern of existing farming systems revealed that among selected districts as well as at overall level, expenditure on human labour accounted for maximum proportion of total input cost followed by expenditure on green fodder and dry fodder. On an overall level, lowest variation in Cost C3/D (16.65%) was under C+V+D farming system, whereas, the income inequality was minimum (0.18) under C+D farming system. The impact of age of farmer under C+D; household size under C+V+F+D, C+F+D and V+F+D; farmers’ education under C+V+F+D, C+V+D and V+F+D; years of experience under C+F+D and C+V+D, and number of animals under all existing farming systems was found statistically significant. Further, increasing returns to scale were found under C+V+F+D (1.05), C+F+D (1.13) and C+D (1.15) farming systems implying that doubling of input in these systems will result in enhancing the output more than double, whereas, under C+V+D (0.98) and V+F+D (0.88), there were decreasing returns to scale. The optimum plans developed for different farming systems clearly revealed the possibility of increasing the farm profitability by optimum utilization of the available resources. The estimated impact of market access on input use and agricultural productivity revealed that the use of inputs under investigation increased with improvement in market access of farmers leading to increase in aggregate agricultural productivity. On an overall level, it was found that lack of subsidy for inputs, lack of processing facilities, lack of training or extension services, high cost of inputs, high cost of production, labour scarcity, lack of regulated markets, price fluctuations, non-remunerative prices, monkeys/wild animals/stray animals’ menace and higher insect/pests /disease attack were the major constraints of farming systems in the study area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF APPLE CULTIVATION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (NAUNI,UHF, 2020-11) DEV RAJ; SHARMA, RAVINDER
    ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Apple Cultivation in Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken with a vision to study the technical efficiency in apple cultivation. Out of the four agro-ecological zones of Himachal Pradesh, zone-II, zone-III and zone-IV were selected purposively. The results of trends in area, production, productivity and export-import of apple were analysed at international, national and state level and results showed that the world’s apple production has grown at a compound growth rate of 2.51% per cent per annum, whereas India recorded a significant growth (3.40%) per annum which was higher than world’s growth rate. Increase in apple production of world was due to area (33.35%) and yield (41.19%) expansion, whereas, increase in production in Asian region was because of area-yield effect (52.02%). Trend in area and production was analyzed by dividing the study period into two sub period 1973 to 1990 (P-I) and 1990 to 2018 (P-II) and results revealed that the increase in apple production in India and Himachal Pradesh was mainly due to area expansion only. In Himachal Pradesh, growth in apple production has been decreased (4.74%) in second period as compared to first period (7.35%). Area under apple orchards was found to be highest (1.32ha) in zone-II followed by (1.15ha) in zone-III and (0.91ha) in zone-IV. Among the traditional cultivar, Royal Delicious and Red Delicious were the major apple cultivars occupying 54.17 and 34.72 per cent of the total area, whereas, Top Red (39.02%) and Red Chief (34.15%) occupied the major area among the new cultivars. Net returns from age group 27-35 year were highest (Rs. 3.79 lakh) followed by age group 17-26 (Rs. 3.34 lakh), >35 (2.55 lakh), 12-16 (Rs. 2.07 lakh) and 7-11 (Rs. 92,873.75) years, whereas, the payback period was found to be in 9 years and internal rate of return as 24 per cent for all agro-climatic zones. The overall mean technical efficiency was found to be highest (88.64%) in 17-26 years apple plantation followed by 27-35 (85.63%) years, 12-16 (81.24%) years, 7-11 (75.68%) years and >35 (70.04%) years. Mean technical efficiency for all age group plantations was highest in zone-III followed by zone-II and zone-IV, which means that the sample apple orchardists of zone-III were already operating in more efficient level of production. Sampled apple orchardists were adapting the major strategies like rainwater harvesting techniques (76%), high density plantation (66%), improved varieties (61%), and moisture conservation techniques (64%) to mitigate the impact of climate change in order to improve the production and productivity of apple.