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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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2013 - 20192
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Subject: Agricultural Economics × Author: SHILPA × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MARKET INTEGRATION AND PRICE TRANSMISSION BEHAVIOUR IN APPLE MARKETS OF INDIA
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-03) SHILPA; SHARMA, RAVINDER
    ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Market Integration and Price Transmission Behaviour in Apple Markets of India” investigated the integration among five major apple markets i.e., Dhalli(Shimla), Chandigarh, Bengalore, Azadpur(Delhi) and Mumbai. The trends in area, production, productivity and export of apple were analysed at national and state level. The results of state-wise trend analysis during 2006-07 to 2015-16 revealed highest growth rate in area (2.72%/annum) and production (6.46 %/annum) was found in J&K and Himachal Pradesh respectively. The trends of apple area and production in India were analyzed by dividing the study period into two sub periods viz. 1960-61 to 1990-91(P-I) and 1991-92 to 2015-16(P-II) and the results revealed significant positive growth in both the periods with highest growth (6.23%/annum) in P-1 and variability in area was also higher in P-I as compared to P-II. Trends in production of apple recorded a significant positive growth in apple production during both the periods with highest growth rate of 7.11 percent per annum during P-I, whereas, variability was highest during P-II (4.58). The productivity was increasing significantly during P-II (2.73%/annum) and (0.32%/annum) in overall period, whereas, declininggrowth was foundduring P-I (-0.28%/annum). Decomposition analysis of apple production in India revealed that in P-I production variation in apple was mainly due to area effect, whereas, in P-II, it was due to yield effect. But in overall period area effectwas recorded. Period-wise and areas wise trends were also analysed for Himachal Pradesh from 1973-74 to 2015-16 and the results revealed highest growth rate in area of 3.78 percent per annum during P-I in potential areas. The growth rates in production in potential areas showed significant increase, while, marginal areas showed declining growth in all periods except P-II, that exhibit highest growth rates in production (5.86%/annum). Growth rates in productivity showed significant increase in P-II in all the apple growing areas with maximum growth in potential areas (3.88%/annum) except marginal areas that showed significant decline in productivity in P-I and overall period. The decomposition analysis revealed that production variation in all areas in HP during P-I was due to area effect except marginal areas, whereas P-II was marked by yield effect in all apple growing areas on the account of varietal improvement. But, the overall increase in production was due to area expansion except marginal areas. Export trends of apple from India revealed that it is a net importer of apple as a verymeager share only 1.5 per cent of its production base was exported. The 99 per cent of apple is exported to SAARC nations. The results of seasonality analysis revealed that that price seasonality of apple markets varied between 23.43 to 93.26 per cent. The highest seasonal variation was found in Shimla market whereas, lowest in Delhi market. Co integration analysis revealed that the five selected apple markets although geographically dispersed and spatially separated, yet they depict long run price association. As per Pair-wise Granger causality there were unidirectional causality between market pairs; Shimla-Chandigarh, Delhi-Chandigarh wholesale markets and bidirectional causality between Mumbai-Shimla, DelhiShimla, Bengaluru-Shimla and Bengaluru-Chandigarh and no causality between pairs; Delhi-Mumbai, ChandigarhMumbai, Bengaluru-Mumbai and Bengaluru-Delhi. The impulse response function revealed that apple prices in all the markets reacts immediately to the shock by going down initially for 4 to 5 months and then it stabilizes for the remaining period i.e., the process of price transmission was very quick in selected markets. Structure, conduct and performance analysis was also performed for Dhalli, Solan, Chandigarh and Azadpur markets which revealed that Chandigarh and Dhalli markets are highly competitive having GCR of 0.33 and 0.32 respectively, while Delhi and Solan are comparatively less competitive having GCR of 0.51 and 0.56. Market infrastructure index revealed that Azadpur and Chandigarh were found comparatively developed markets with respect to infrastructure as compared to Dhalli and Solan market. Market performance studies revealed that Azadpur market followed by Dhalli market are the more efficient markets as compared to Chandigarh and Solan markets
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEMAND ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH BASED ON SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL UNITS
    (2013) SHILPA; SHARMA, RAVINDER
    ABSTRACT In the present study entitled “Demand analysis of medicinal plants in Himachal Pradesh based on selected pharmaceutical units”, a sample of 10 pharmaceutical units was selected randomly from the list of 41 pharmacies from Solan district. To analyze the demand of medicinal plants used by the pharmaceutical units 10 important medicinal plants were selected. The raw material purchased by the pharmaceutical units mainly comes from Khari-Bawli market of New Delhi and Majtih Mandi of Amritsar. To have an insight into the exact status of extraction of medicinal plants in the state, the extracted species were classified on the basis of habitat, habit, economic part used and present status. On the basis of habitat, only medicinal plants under cultivation showed a positive and significant growth (29.01%/annum) during P-I i.e., 1994-2003. While, during P-II i.e., from 20032012 upper hill subtropical and cold desert showed significant negative growth of (28.74%/annum) and (24.71%/annum) respectively. The variability also increased from P-I to P-II in all the habitats except in cold desert and temperate zone. The maximum average volume as well as revenue was extracted from the temperate zone (10657.79qtls.) and (Rs 3801816) respectively. During 1994-95 to 2011-12 herbs and trees showed significant declining growth of 7.62 and 18.80 per cent per annum respectively. The entire plant showed a negative and significant growth of 21.4 per cent per annum in P-I and seeds in P-II showed negative and significant growth of (45.00%/annum). But, in overall bark, entire plants and rhizomes showed negative significant growth rates (13.43%/annum), (19.44%/annum) and (10.50%/annum) respectively. On the other hand, Barah flowers showed positive and significant growth of 18.34 per cent per annum. The roots yield maximum average volume and maximum revenue of 11335.31 quintals and Rs.250397.33. respectively. The linear growth of medicinal plants based on their present status indicated that only commonly available medicinal plants showed a significant declining growth rate of 10.67 per cent per annum and 9.26 per cent per annum in P-II and overall respectively. The medicinal plant market in Himachal Pradesh is oligopsonic in nature i.e., a small number of large buyers controlling the buying side results in the dominance of buyers thus making medicinal plants market a buyer’s market and non-price competitive in nature. So, they compete with each other through improved working conditions and merging of two buyer’s results in greater control over the market and cooperation through secret collusion to control prices and exploitation of sellers. The analysis showed that all the medicinal plants showed significantly increasing growth except in case of Bankakdi, Kuth, Kutki and Safed Musli. The variability ranged from 68.01 to 2.06 per cent. The real prices showed similar trend as nominal prices except in Banafsha. The own price elasticity of the medicinal plants showed price inelastic demand that ensures a steady market for them. Most of the species showed normal price-demand behavior except Bankakdi, Kuth and Kutki. The reasons for the positive demand-price relationship were derived demand for medicinal plants and the priority of the pharmacy for the finished products. It has been suggested that medicinal plants like Kutki, Kuth and Bankakdi should be given priority in the light of their positive scarcity ratios.